Guangzhou is rich in light and heat resources, with annual average sunshine hours 1, 875. 1 ~ 1, 959.9 hours, annual total solar radiation 105.3 kcal/cm2 ~ 109.8 kcal/cm2, and annual average temperature. The frost-free period is 290 days in the north and 346 days in the south.
Guangzhou is abundant in rainfall, with the annual precipitation of 1, 689.3 mm ~ 1, 876.5 mm, and the rainy season (April-September) accounts for about 85% of the whole year. Due to the influence of topography, there are more mountains than plains, and more in the north than in the south. At the same time, the rainy season coincides with strong light and high heat, forming a fairly high climatic biological potential (light and warm water potential), reaching 77,865 kg/ha to 97,950 kg/ha.
The alternation of winter and summer monsoon is a remarkable feature of Guangzhou monsoon climate. The north wind in winter is dry and cold because the polar continental air mass extends southward. Due to the northward expansion of tropical ocean air mass, southerly winds are warm and humid in summer. Summer monsoon usually turns into winter monsoon in September, and winter monsoon turns into summer monsoon in April.
Guangzhou has been an important town in the south of China since ancient times. After Qin Shihuang unified Lingnan, Chinese and Vietnamese cultures and customs quickly merged, and Guangzhou became the center of Lingnan culture. In ancient Guangzhou, there were many rivers and tributaries, abundant rainfall and pleasant climate. It is surrounded by mountains in the west, east and north, with lush forests and grass, rich fruits in Lingnan and numerous birds and animals. The south faces the sea, and the beaches are vast, producing many salty and fresh water products and amphibians, which makes ancient Guangzhou one of the regions with the richest food resources in China. The formation of Cantonese cuisine has a long history. A large number of immigrants from the Central Plains moved to Lingnan, which made Guangzhou's food culture deeply influenced by the Central Plains. As early as the Han and Wei Dynasties, the snake dishes, roasted goose and fish soup in Guangzhou were affected. At the end of the Song Dynasty, Song Gaozong fled south with his kitchen, and many court delicacies spread to the people in Guangzhou. After the Opium War, missionaries and businessmen from Europe and America flooded in, and thousands of businessmen gathered in Guangzhou, which provided a broad market for the development of catering industry. Cantonese cuisine absorbs the advantages of Central Plains cuisine and Western cuisine, and then absorbs the advantages of Guangdong local cuisine. Just like Guangzhou's culture, it blends ancient and modern, connecting China and the West, forming a unique Guangzhou food culture different from other parts of China, and winning the reputation of "Eating in Guangzhou", which is famous at home and abroad. Numerous tourists come here to taste delicious food and feel this unique Lingnan food culture.
The most obvious feeling in Guangzhou is that there are many restaurants and restaurants. As long as you want to eat, you can eat a variety of food anytime and anywhere. Tea market is the most attractive feature of Guangzhou's diet. In the past, Guangzhou only had "morning tea", but now it has developed into three tea markets: morning, noon and evening. Almost all restaurants and restaurants have set up tea markets. As soon as the guests were seated, the waiter immediately called, "How many people? What kind of tea to drink? " The tea market provides all kinds of salty, sweet and dry snacks, such as buffet, to meet your needs, and the price is very affordable, which can be consumed by the general public. Guangzhou tea market has become an important social occasion for friends to get together and exchange ideas, an important way for family members to get together and share family relations, an effective buffer for modern tense and fast-paced life and work, and an important way for some people, especially the elderly, to relax. A morning paper, two cups, sit for hours, read and chat while eating, and care about family affairs, state affairs and what's going on in the world. Cantonese cuisine has a variety of exotic ingredients, such as snakes for dragons, chickens for phoenixes, cats for tigers, mice for deer, flying in the sky, crawling on the ground and swimming in the water. Cantonese cuisine is fresh and smooth, light in summer and autumn, and rich in winter and spring. It uses unique seasonings and uses cooking, roasting, soaking, frying, boiling and simmering techniques to cook dishes with unique local flavor. The "raw seafood" of Cantonese cuisine has its own characteristics. Many restaurants and restaurants don't decorate their halls properly. First of all, the seafood pool at the entrance should be designed to display dozens of raw seafood to attract customers. Cooking and drinking herbal tea in Cantonese cuisine is a pioneering work for Guangzhou people to adapt to the geographical and climatic environment and adapt to local conditions. "What's cooking today?" It is a necessary topic for housewives to meet and chat, and there is a lot of knowledge in it. Guangdong restaurants have all kinds of dishes. Every once in a while, restaurants will create new dishes with new raw materials and different combinations to enhance their competitiveness, and new food trends are often set off in the market, which is the strong vitality of "eating in Guangzhou".
Analyzing the natural landscape and human environment of "Eating in Guangzhou" has rich cultural connotations. First of all, it is open. Guangzhou is located along the coast with convenient transportation, and has been an important port for economic and cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries since ancient times. The open environment gives Guangzhou people an open way of thinking, which is reflected in the open mind of "eating to the full" in diet. Hotels and restaurants with North-South flavor can be found all over the streets of Guangzhou, and almost all the major cuisines in China and the flavors from all over the world can be found. The second is compatibility. Open cultures must be compatible at the same time. Lingnan culture has the characteristics of eclecticism, which is fully reflected in Guangzhou's diet. The third is pioneering. Guangzhou people dare to eat anything, and are good at exploring traditional local flavor foods and eating methods, constantly transplanting and transforming, and innovating. There is an ancestral motto among Guangdong chefs: "There is tradition, but there is no truth." It embodies the courage and pioneering spirit of Guangzhou people who dare to be the first in the world. In addition, Guangzhou people don't waste food, and they can't "pack" it back after eating, which shows the virtues of Guangdong people in cherishing food and being frugal. Guangzhou cuisine has raised the diet and cooking to the artistic level, and has become an important part of Lingnan culture, greatly enriching the connotation and characteristics of Lingnan culture, and having a far-reaching impact on the catering culture in China and the Asia-Pacific region.
"Eating in Guangzhou"
This sentence has become a well-known saying. Guangzhou is really famous for its delicious food.
Guangzhou is a concentrated place of Cantonese cuisine. Its Cantonese cuisine has a wide range of materials, unique materials, clear, fresh, cool, smooth, tender and crisp taste, image-oriented, and a wide variety, which can combine the advantages of other cuisines; At the same time, as an important metropolis in South China, Guangzhou is the birthplace of Sichuan cuisine, Shandong cuisine, Huaiyang cuisine, Western food lounge, Japanese cuisine and Korean cuisine. Guangzhou has a tendency to gather all the delicious food in one city.
Time-honored snack bars, with a history of one hundred years, can't tell the changes of Guangzhou's diet, such as Guangzhou Restaurant, Nanyuan Restaurant, Banxi Restaurant and Lianxianglou. Their reputation is well known to women and children. Emerging restaurants and famous shops also come to prosper the catering market; Guangzhou snacks also occupy an important position-there are famous beef offal shops and juice shops on Beijing Road, and tea restaurants serving snacks such as porridge, noodles and milk tea. The old Guangzhou-style snacks and snacks are concentrated in Shangxiajiu Road, Xiguan Food Street and Zhongsanqi Road.
tea
People in Guangzhou love to drink tea, especially morning tea. When we meet in the morning, we often greet each other with "Have you had tea" (meaning "Have you had tea"), which shows that we like tea. Drinking tea is a life custom of Guangzhou people, and there is a folk proverb that "a pot of tea in the morning doesn't need a doctor". When people in Guangzhou talk about drinking tea, they actually mean drinking tea in a teahouse (used to be called a teahouse). Not only drink morning tea, but also eat snacks (as breakfast); Drink not only morning tea, but also afternoon tea and evening tea; Not only can you fill your stomach, but you can also spread news, talk about your family and negotiate business.
Drinking tea in Guangzhou is actually a way of social communication, which is an important reason why the teahouse industry in Guangzhou has been enduring for a hundred years. Among the time-honored restaurants in Guangzhou, quite a few were teahouses and teahouses of that year.
Drink herb tea.
Guangzhou has a subtropical monsoon maritime climate. At the same time, Guangzhou people love to eat, sometimes they eat too much fried things, which will inevitably lead to fires, so drinking herbal tea has become a perennial habit of Guangzhou people.
The so-called herbal tea refers to a drink made of Chinese herbal medicines which are cold in nature and can eliminate internal heat. It is used to eliminate sore throat caused by summer heat or winter dryness in human body. Guangzhou has a long history of herbal tea, and there are many kinds of herbal tea, including Wang Laoji Herbal Tea, Sanhutang Herbal Tea, Huang Zhenlong Herbal Tea, Dashenggong Herbal Tea, Shi Qi Herbal Tea, Twenty-four Herbal Tea, Cucurbit Tea, Healthy Herbal Tea, Flos Chrysanthemi, and Bitter Melon Herbal Tea. There are even turtle ling paste soup, raw fish cabbage soup, carrot and bamboo cane water and so on. It has become a traditional old-fashioned herbal tea that Guangzhou people love.
The most famous herbal tea of Wang Lao Ji has always been admired by Guangzhou people. After 1980s, various kinds of herbal tea granules and soft-packed herbal tea came into being, such as Shennong Herbal Tea and Xiasangju Tea, which have become fashionable drinks for many families in summer.
midnight snack
Midnight snack is a life custom of Guangzhou people. It is usually eaten after 10 in the evening, hence the name "midnight snack" or "midnight snack". The way of midnight snack varies from person to person: some people cook by themselves at night; Some people eat alone or invite friends in street food stalls or night markets in teahouse restaurants, so many "night food streets" and "night markets" in various teahouse hotels have gradually formed in the city. Night markets in teahouses often have music teahouses to attract diners.
Eat dessert water
People in Guangzhou like to drink sugar water all year round. It is believed that syrup made of some medicinal materials, beans, fruits and flour products with sugar has the effects of clearing away heat and relieving summer heat, promoting fluid production and benefiting the body.
There are many varieties of sugar water: beans include red bean paste, mung bean paste and plum bean paste; There are sesame paste, almond paste, peanut paste and phoenix milk paste; Medicinal materials include lily syrup, lotus seed syrup and Qingbuliang syrup; There are stewed eggs, stewed papaya, sweet potato syrup, Ma Rong soup pills, egg milk, ginger milk, candied sago, soybean milk, bean curd and so on.
After the sugar water is boiled, it is a hot drink; What you drink after freezing is a cold drink, which is usually connected to the ice room (a cold drink shop that serves ice cream, soda water, beer, etc.). The most famous place in Guangzhou is the Taiping Pavilion Ice Room on Beijing Road.
Laohuotang
People in Guangzhou have a long history of drinking old fire soup, which is closely related to the hot and humid climate in Guangzhou, and the types of soup in Guangzhou will change with the seasons. Over the years, making soup has become an indispensable part of Guangzhou people's life, and together with Guangzhou herbal tea, it has become a symbol of Guangzhou food culture. As the saying goes, "It is better to drink soup than to eat vegetables." Some people even made up a saying: "People who can't eat eat meat, and those who can drink soup eat soup." Drinking soup first, then serving, has almost become an established pattern of banquets in Guangzhou. In this hot summer, it is a pleasure for everyone to drink a bowl of old fire soup to clear the heart and nourish the fire after busy work every day.
Fried snail
When you arrive in Guangzhou, there will always be many beach stalls and stoves in Long Beach, and snails are now fried and sold. The smell is very attractive. Therefore, many people in Guangzhou like to invite three or five confidants after a meal, or take a walk in the long beach with their favorite people, while enjoying the scenery on both sides of the Pearl River and chatting. Tired of walking, I sat down at a snail stall, fried two or three plates of snails, opened two or three bottles of beer, blew the river wind, sipped wine lightly and had a heart-to-heart talk. This is one of the great pleasures of life.
Before cooking, remove the snail from the oil, and then fry the basil leaves, which will make the snail delicious. Therefore, stir-fried snails with flavor have gradually become a special food that Guangzhou people like.
Clay pot rice
Clay pot rice is produced in Guangdong. In the past, in the streets and alleys of Guangzhou, there were shops selling clay pot rice everywhere, and the fragrance would be fragrant in the alleys. Nowadays, there are fewer and fewer clay pot rice in street stalls, and restaurants not only inherit this tradition, but also introduce many innovative combinations.
I believe many people have eaten clay pot rice, which is one of the most distinctive dishes in Guangzhou. Clay pot rice is simple and convenient, and the materials and cooking methods used are very authentic. Although it is not heavy, it can be eaten with meat, and rice is also delicious, which can really increase people's appetite. The most special thing is that the rice in clay pot rice is crispy and delicious. Therefore, the folks in Guangdong like to eat clay pot rice, and they like the unique rice flavor brought by clay pot rice.
Baiyun pork knuckle
Baiyun Zhu Shou is one of the famous historical dishes in Guangzhou. Almost every restaurant in Guangzhou has this dish. Its preparation method is that pig's hand (front foot) is washed and chopped, cooked first, then washed in flowing spring water for one day, picked up and boiled with white vinegar, sugar and salt, cooled and soaked for several hours before eating. When eating, the skin feels crisp; The meat is fat but not greasy, sweet and sour, delicious to wake the stomach, and quite distinctive. Because the spring water comes from Baiyun Mountain, it is named Baiyun Pig Hand.
Shahefen
Shahefen is native to Shahe, so it gets its name. Shahe is located at the eastern foot of Baiyun Mountain, where there is Jiulong Spring. The water for making Shahe powder in Shahe Hotel in this town comes from this spring. Coupled with the unique grinding technology, Shahe powder is crystal white, cool, tough, soft, smooth and distinctive.
The production method of Shahe powder is: select rice stored for about half a year, soak it in Baiyun Mountain spring water for 1 ~ 2 hours, and grind it into slurry. Pour it into the bamboo basket, let it flow smoothly and evenly, and then steam it on the pot rack for about 2 minutes. Take out the steamed vermicelli, lightly spread a layer of peanut oil on the cooked vermicelli, take out the cooked vermicelli and stack it on the big hole bamboo basket. After cooling, each vermicelli is folded three times and cut into vermicelli with a thin knife about 1 cm wide. The prepared vermicelli can be fried, soaked and mixed with different flavors and is very delicious. In recent years, Shahefen has been mixed with the juice of various vegetables (carrots, spinach, etc.). ) made into various colors and varieties of Shahe powder. The taste is sweet, sour, bitter, spicy and salty, more colorful and pleasing to the eye, and has health care function.
Guangzhou time-honored snacks
Tianchenji Shunde Shuang fish skin
Chen Tianji's boss, Chen Tian, is a native of Chencun, Shunde, and is also a catering family. Fish skin is a snack in Shunde. The method of making fish skin here still adheres to the ancestral method: it is said that only a thin piece of fish back fruit is used, and other parts are not used. It is cooked in cold river water and eaten with it, and then mixed with homemade soy sauce with chives, soy sauce, peanuts and sesame seeds. It tastes fresh and delicious, and it has no fishy smell. This is very interesting. Generally, shad and mutton fish are used, shad is easy to taste, and mutton fish tastes crisp and refreshing. Fish skin is rich in collagen which is beneficial to the skin, so it is highly sought after. Even the famous gourmet Cai Lan came here.
Wu he di yi Zhou, Zhou Zhou
Wu's "raw porridge" is the best porridge in the world. It has become a famous porridge that Guangzhou people like. It is well-made and delicious. The bottom of the porridge is carefully cooked with raw materials such as yaozhu, yuba and pig bones, and the taste is particularly delicious. Its meatballs are mixed with 70% lean meat and 30% fat meat, so they are particularly fresh, and pork liver and pork belly are also very fresh, which makes them more delicious.
The original materials of the first porridge are pork balls, beef ribs and pork vermicelli sausage, which refer to champion, second place and flower detective respectively. Wu's porridge experts have their own unique methods for cooking porridge and porridge: first, cook clear soup with pig bones, add scallops, and then cook porridge with open fire. The porridge cooked is naturally different. The raw materials selected are also very particular. For example, meatballs are made of 70% lean meat and 30% fat meat. Wu He's first porridge is mixed with water, with moderate shade, mellow and delicious taste.
Nanxin milk dessert shop double skin milk and ginger milk.
Double skin milk is a famous dessert in Guangdong. In Guangdong, it is difficult to find out which kind of double-skin milk is authentic now. However, double skin milk is the most famous in Daliang, Shunde, and the founder of Nanxin double skin milk is Shunde. Because Shunde Daliang is famous for its milk, the double-skin milk made of water milk by Shunde Daliang people is quite unique.
Kaiji dessert vanilla tangerine peel green bean paste, red bean paste
Guangzhou people like to eat sugar water, which is famous all over the country, and the patterns of sugar water are endless. But the most classic and popular sugar water in Guangzhou is mung bean paste. I believe no one will object. Whether it is a humble street candy store or a magnificent star-rated hotel, mung bean paste must be a reserved item of sugar water. The key to the longevity of Guangdong mung bean paste lies in its dense efficacy, which is always inseparable from preventing dryness and heat in autumn and relieving summer heat in summer. Because mung beans are cold, eating them can clear away heat and detoxify, clear away heat and relieve cough. If tangerine peel is added to the decoction, it also has the function of resolving phlegm and relieving cough. Adding kelp can clear away heat and reduce fire.
Speaking of the heart of Guangzhou cuisine, KGI dessert shop is indispensable. Kaiji dessert shop is located in Jinlong Road. There is a couplet at the door of the shop, "The beans are peeled green and the sand is red." From the couplets, we can know that the store's signature sugar water is mung bean paste and red bean paste. This store is also very traditional. According to legend, the owner Ye Jiankai, also known as "bean paste opening". Ye Jiankai managed this kind of food with his grandfather since he was a child, and he learned his grandfather's rich experience. He is meticulous in kung fu and strictly controls three levels: selecting mung bean paste, turning off the fire and seasoning, so his mung bean paste is particularly popular with customers.
Yin Ji rice rolls has steamed rice rolls, mandarin duck sausage and beef sausage.
Speaking of diarrhea, everyone in Guangzhou knows it. When it comes to the best place to eat loose bowels, most people would recommend Yin Ji rice rolls.
Let's start with La rice rolls. People in Guangzhou are usually referred to as diarrhea for short, which can be said to be breakfast to accompany them when they grow up. People in Guangzhou can describe diarrhea with "infatuation". Some people even think that if a morning tea does not have diarrhea, it is equal to a drama without a heroine. Sausage is a special snack in Guangzhou, which emerged in the late 1920s. At first, it was run by shoulder vendors. In the early 1930s, there were only a few small shops selling rice rolls. In the forties and fifties of last century, rice rolls was also used as a selling point in famous restaurants and teahouses such as Aiqun Mansion, Taotaoju and Dasanyuan. Since then, rice rolls has become a traditional food of Guangzhou people.
Tai ping sha Cai Ji beef brisket powder, pig rice rolls
Compared with the beef brisket powder in other places, the beef brisket in Taipingsha is cut into large pieces and weighs a lot. As soon as I entered, I felt that the brisket was tender and delicious, and it tasted very good. Beef brisket presents a just right salty flavor. According to the master, the reason why these briskets have such a taste is because several Chinese medicinal ingredients are added, which is a unique "secret recipe" of Taiping Sha Cuisine, and can only be tasted here. Moreover, the rice noodles here are thinner and whiter than those in other places, and the rice is full of flavor.
Water chestnut cake, shrimp dumplings and e-pink fruit in Panxi restaurant.
It makes sense to choose Panxi restaurant for morning tea. Panxi Restaurant is located in Xiguan, which is not only beautiful in scenery, but also a gourmet garden with a variety of domestic and foreign cuisines and different flavors, and also a holy place to drink morning tea.
The outer wall of Panxi Restaurant is covered with white tiles and green banyan trees. The dark green gold plaque on the gate was left by Mo Bao Mayor Zhu Guang. The layout of the restaurant is tortuous and layered, and several groups of gardens show the wisdom of the nation.
Water chestnut cake is made by grinding water chestnut into pulp or steaming water chestnut powder with sugar. Horseshoe cakes steamed with horseshoe powder produced in Pantang are the best in history. Its color is beautiful, crystal clear, smooth and sweet, and it is one of Guangzhou people's favorite breakfasts. Pantang is near Panxi Hotel where the old litchi Bay is located. Pantang Wu Xiu (including horseshoe, reed, bamboo shoot, lotus root and water chestnut) is produced in this area. The varieties of water chestnut cake include transparent water chestnut cake, raw ground water chestnut cake, fried water chestnut cake, Yuanyang water chestnut cake and three-color water chestnut cake.
In addition, Panxi also has a special snack, which is Ya 'e's "powder fruit". According to legend, Ya 'e was the concubine who made snacks for the master in the late Qing Dynasty. After the death of her master, she was not allowed to be a big wife and was kicked out of the house. In order to make a living, a tea room was set up at the foot of Dexin Bridge in Liwan, and a snack was designed. Steamed rice and rice flour are mixed evenly to make skin, and lean meat, mushrooms, shrimps and bamboo shoots are used as fillings and seasoned with soy sauce. Its color is white, its skin is thin, and it is slightly hard and transparent. After the stuffing is steamed, it can be faintly windy and swaying. The texture is soft, smooth and tough, and the stuffing is delicious and delicious, which is deeply loved by customers. The name "duck egg red fruit" or "duck egg red fruit" spread like wildfire. It has spread all over provinces, Hong Kong and Macao, and it is still a popular traditional snack in Guangzhou today.
Bao Hua noodle restaurant Happy pork hand noodles, fresh shrimp Wonton Noodles.
The most important thing to eat noodles is the soup base. This noodle restaurant introduces itself like this: "Soup is the soul of pastry. This soup is made of pig bones, native fish and fresh shrimp. The materials are exquisite and excellent, and there are special people to wait on them when making them. Civil and military fires will stay up all night and dare not neglect. The cooked soup is made by carefully filtering, degreasing and adding shrimp. The soup is golden and transparent, thick but not greasy, and rich in nutritional value. The cooked pasta is poured into the carefully cooked soup and decorated with a little fresh leek or chopped green onion, which means the aroma is compelling and has a miraculous effect. "
The boss brought Wonton Noodles, his fresh shrimp. When he looked at this posture, he knew that the boss was really an expert. You can't see a wonton on the surface, because the wonton is under the noodles, and the bowl used to hold the wonton noodles is open and full of abdomen, which is convenient for heat dissipation and prevents the wonton noodles from softening due to long-term soaking in hot soup. Noodles are smooth and sweet. The boss said it was handmade alkaline water surface, and when it was cooked, a little lard was added, which would be particularly smooth to eat.