-The original-
Two Late Scenes of Chunjiang River in Hui Chong
Su Shi [Song Dynasty]
Two or three peach blossoms outside the bamboo forest and ducks in the water first noticed the warm spring.
The beach is covered with wormwood, asparagus is sprouting, and puffer fish are preparing to swim upstream from the sea back to the river.
The geese fly to the north, just like those teams who want to go back to the north, but they are attached and poor.
Before flying to the north, I knew that in the desert snow in the north, I still spent most of the Spring Festival in the south.
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There are two or three peach blossoms outside the bamboo forest. Ducks playing in the water first notice that the river is getting warmer in early spring.
The beach is covered with Artemisia, and reeds are sprouting short buds. At this time, the puffer fish will go upstream from the sea to the river.
The geese flying from the north, like people returning to the north, are reluctant to go and are almost left behind.
Thousands of miles away, I already know that the desert in the north is covered with snow, so I'd better spend half a month in the spring in the south of the Yangtze River.
-Notes-
Hui Chong (also known as Hui Chong): a monk in Jianyang, Fujian Province, one of the nine monks in the early Song Dynasty, was good at poetry and painting. Night Scene along the Yangtze River is the name of a painting by Hui Chong. This painting consists of two pictures, one is a duck play picture, and the other is a flying goose picture. Qian Zhongshu's Notes on Selected Poems of Song Dynasty is called Xiaojing. Many annotations are useful to Xiaojing and Night Scene. The annotations of Complete Works of Dongpo and those before Qing Dynasty all use Xiaojing and Night Scene.
Artemisia selengensis: the name of grass, including Artemisia annua and Artemisia annua. Reed bud: the tender bud of reed, which can be eaten.
Puffer: A kind of fish, whose scientific name is Qu. Its meat is delicious, but its ovaries and liver are highly toxic. Produced in coastal areas of China and some inland rivers. Go against the current every spring and lay eggs in fresh water.
Up: refers to going against the current.
Gui Hong: Gui Yan. Broken regiment: leave the flying team.
Yiyi: I don't give up. Returnees: people who go home.
Shuomo: a desert land in the north. Du Fu's poem: "She walked out of the purple palace and into the desert."
Wait: wait; After that.
-Creative background-
Two Nights by the Riverside in Hui Chong are two poems written by Su Shi for Hui Chong in Bianjing (now Kaifeng, Henan) in the eighth year of Zongshen Yuanfeng (1085). This poem was written in Jiangyin.
-Appreciate-
These two poems were written by Su Shi for Hui Chong's Riverview Map. Hui Chong's original painting has been lost, and some versions of this poem are entitled "Riverside Scenery", which cannot be verified now. Drawing with vivid images makes people have a specific visual feeling, but it can only show a specific picture and has certain limitations. Although a good poem has no visible image, it can attract readers into the beautiful artistic conception formed by the poet's unique conception with vivid language to make up for what some pictures can't express.
one
There are three or two peach blossoms outside the bamboo. Looking through the sparse bamboo, several peach blossoms are swaying. Peach and bamboo are in contrast, red and green alternate with each other, which is particularly attractive with spring. Although this is only a simple sentence, it reveals a lot of information. First of all, the bamboo forest is sparse. If the weather is fine, you won't see the peach blossoms. Secondly, it shows the season and points out the word "early". Just after the cold spring, it is not the time for peach blossoms to bloom, but the infinite vitality and potential of spring have been revealed.
"Duck Prophet of Spring River Water Heating", the vision is from far to near, that is, from the river bank to the river surface. Springs are rippling on the river, and active ducks are playing in the river. The profile of "Duck Prophet" shows that the spring water is still slightly chilly, so other animals are not sensitive to the arrival of spring, which echoes the peach blossom "three or two branches" in the first sentence, indicating the early spring season. This poetic sentence uses a Tang poem: Meng Jiao "What is the most prophetic?" Grass is empty ",Du Mu (Xu Hun's works)," The geese are warm at the beginning of Pugen water, and the bees with fragrant plum blossoms are unknown "(boat trip in early spring). Su Shi, who is ignorant of the past, combined the intention of his predecessors' poems with his own observation and refined this wonderful sentence. "Ducks know how to warm water", which appeals to emotion and imagination, is difficult to convey in the picture, but the poet expresses this point in his poem by putting himself in others' shoes. Ducks swimming freely in the river first feel the rising temperature of the spring water, and the tactile impression of "warmth" complements the visual impression of the spring water in the painting. Ducks can "predict the temperature rise of spring water" because they live in water all the year round. As long as the river doesn't freeze, they always jump into the water to play. Therefore, it is these ducks that are closely related to water that first know the change of water temperature in Chunjiang River. This shows that you have to go through everything to have a real feeling. This poem not only reflects the poet's meticulous observation of nature, but also reflects the poet's philosophical thinking on life. As soon as a duck enters the water, it knows that the spring river is warm, which can be compared to "a leaf falls and the world falls in autumn", and it is reasonable to know each other.
These two poems are still closely related to "early spring". Artemisia selengensis and short reed buds are yellow and green, gorgeous and charming, showing a scene of spring and prosperity. The puffer fish wants to go up, which further highlights the word "spring" by taking advantage of the characteristic that puffer fish only go upstream when the spring river warms up. This is something that is not in the picture, and it is also something that is difficult for the brush to touch, but the poet succeeded in "being like now" and injected spring breath and vitality into the whole picture. Zhang Lei, a student of Su Shi, also recorded in Ming Dow Magazine that the local people in the Yangtze River valley eat puffer fish, but they cook puffer fish with Artemisia and bamboo shoots, namely reed buds and shepherd's purse, and think that these three kinds are the best match for puffer fish. This shows that Su Shi's association is well-founded and natural. The beauty of poetry also depends on this.
Although the painting "It's the time for the puffer fish to go up" does not describe the action of the puffer fish, the poet knows that "the puffer fish is going up" from the overgrowth of Artemisia argyi and the germination of reeds, thus drawing the image of dolphins going up the river when the spring river blooms, and supplementing the reality with imaginary reality. It is through this pen and ink that Su Shi transforms the silent and still picture into a vivid and active poetic scene. In Su Shi's eyes, this painting is no longer a static picture on paper in the frame, but a profound experience and subtle observation, giving people a sense of ecology. The former is picturesque and the latter is realistic, and the two are confused. I don't know which is the picturesque scene and which is the real scene. The poet's artistic association broadens the world beyond the field of vision expressed by painting, and makes the poetic feeling and painting meaning perfectly combined.
This poem successfully depicts the spring scene in early spring. Su Shi, with his meticulous and keen feelings, captured the characteristics of the scenery when the seasons changed and expressed his joy and praise for early spring. The whole poem is full of spring and vitality, giving people a fresh and comfortable feeling. Su Shi, a poet, put forward "Poetry and painting are of the same origin, striving for perfection, fresh and natural" ("Two Branches of Wang in Yanling, Shu Shu") and "Painting in Poetry, Poetry in Painting" ("Dongpo Inscription and Postscript, Volume 5 of Clouds and Rain in Lantian, Ma Shu"), which was well verified in his poem "Night Scene by the Hui Chong River".
Secondly,
The second poem in this group is generally unknown, but its creative level is also very high.
"The two couples will be dissolved, and Yiyi still seems to have returned to the north." This sentence generally describes the "Flying Goose Map" painted by Hui Chong. The geese fly north, and some geese are unwilling to give up the beautiful scenery of this spring and almost leave the team. And using anthropomorphic techniques, the reluctant geese are compared to "returning to the north", which makes the content in the painting more vivid.
"I know from a distance that there are many snowstorms in the desert, and I will wait for the spring in the south of the Yangtze River." It is also anthropomorphic, giving the geese in the north human feelings. Gooses don't want to go because the south is warmer than the north, so the poet wrote that geese think the north is very cold, and they know from a distance that the desert is windy and snowy; That's not all. In the last sentence, the poet further wrote that the wild goose hopes to stay in Jiangnan for a few more days. The application of this personification technique makes Hui Chong's painting change from "freeze-frame" to "video", which makes the scene of geese flying north full of human emotions and quite innovative.