Jing Zhaoyin, the official name of China in ancient times, was one of the three assistants (namely Jing Zhaoyin, Zuo Fengyi and You Fufeng). Equivalent to the mayor of the capital today.
The origin and history of names
brief introduction
In the first year of Taichu (BC 104), the right history was changed to Jing, and the eastern half of the original right history was included in its jurisdiction, so it was not called county because it belonged to Jifu. The official position is equivalent to the county magistrate, but he participates in the discussion. Governance in Chang 'an. The state of Wei in the Three Kingdoms was renamed Jingzhao County, and the official name was renamed Taishou. Western Wei, Zhou and Sui dynasties still called the county, and changed the satrap to Yin. At the beginning of Tang Kaiyuan, Yongzhou was changed to Beijing and Zhao Yin, and Shaoyin was added to manage government affairs. Later generations didn't say anything, but it is customary to call the chief executive of the capital Jing Zhao Yin. The official position is four grades. In the Qing dynasty, Kyoto and more than 30 nearby counties were designated as special administrative regions, known as Shuntianfu, and the governor was called Shuntian Magistrate. In the early years of the Republic of China, it was still under the jurisdiction of the Qing Dynasty, and its jurisdiction was reduced to more than 20 counties such as wanping county. 19 14 10 was renamed Jing Zhao, and its chief executive was Jing Zhaoyin, who promulgated the official system of Jing Zhaoyin and established the Beijing Zhaoyin Office, which has the same status as the provinces. 1928, the Beijing official system was abolished.
The so-called Beijing means greatness, and omen means a lot. The name Jingzhao shows the style and scale of the capital of a big country.
Jingzhao was described as a hub in the Han Dynasty, meaning under the wheel of the son of heaven. Being too close to the sky, all kinds of contradictions are complicated and interpersonal relationships are complicated. Tang Du Mu wrote in his "Epang Palace Fu": "Each holds its own terrain and cheats on others." Although it describes buildings, it is also vivid in personnel. It is quite difficult to manage this area.
Tracing back to Beijing
There was no Jingzhao House in the early Tang Dynasty. The administrative organization where the capital is located is Yongzhou House, and a high-quality prince is the shepherd of Yongzhou. Emperor Taizong, Zhongzong and Zong Rui all held this position before they acceded to the throne. In fact, these princes mainly hang a name, which is just a rough outline. The governor's history is really in charge of things in Yongzhou.
In the first year of Tang Kaiyuan, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty established Jingzhao House, and the first Jingzhaoyin was Meng.
In the Tang Dynasty, the office of Jingzhao House was located in the southeast corner of Guangde Square in the west of Chang 'an. Generally speaking, Jing Zhaoyin is a junior official, with two Jing Zhaoshao Yin and current bureau-level officials, such as Gong Cao, Lu Si, Hu Si, Justice, Si Ping, Si Cang and Shi Si. Jingzhaofu has jurisdiction over 23 counties, namely Wannian, Chang 'an, Liquan, Huxian, Lantian, Xianyang, Sanyuan, Yunyang, Jingyang, Liyang, Gaoling, Weiyang, Zhao Ying (Lintong), Jincheng (Xingping), Fuping, Wugong, Yishou (Zhouzhi), Haoyuan and Meiyuan.
Among them, Wannian County and Chang 'an County are Chixian County, and the other 2 1 county are several counties. Like the administrative regions of the whole country, the counties under the jurisdiction of Zhaofu in Beijing will have different changes in different periods. For example, in Tang Daizong's Dali period, Qi Hao, Zhouzhi, Xingping and Martial Arts were divided respectively.
Before the middle Tang Dynasty, Jing lived in his private house and went to work every day. In middle age, he gave 20,000 yuan to Jing Wei 'ao to build a house in Jing Zhaofu's office. Wei Ao appointed Li Xin, captain of Chang 'an County, to preside over the construction project. After spending 20,000 yuan to build a noble mansion, the balance was turned over. In two consecutive official performance evaluations, Weiao gave Xin Li high marks. Because the balance was deliberately recorded in historical materials, it can be seen that the project cost at that time also had considerable moisture.
Zhao Yin in the Tang Dynasty was as difficult to be an official as in the Han Dynasty. Regarding the replacement frequency of Jing Zhaoyin in the Tang Dynasty, Bai Juyi wrote in "Five Poems for Friends": "The four directions of the capital are the rules. The roots of Wang Hua. Long officials are good at politics, and then the wind teaches them to escape. How to Yin essence, not disorderly. Please bend the index, fifteen people in ten years. " Ten years is not explicitly mentioned in the poem, but judging from the style of this poem, it should be Bai Juyi's early works. The turning point of Bai Juyi's poetic style was that Yuanhe was demoted to Jiangzhou Sima in ten years. According to the available data, from the first year of Yuanhe to the tenth year of Yuanhe in August, there were 14 people who served as Jing, and "fifteen people in ten years" was not empty.
As early as in the Year of the Loong, Lu Chenghuai Shen in Shangshu once spoke frankly about the disadvantages caused by frequent turnover of officials. He believes: "Those who know officials will not follow soon, and those who know officials will not be far away, and they will get along secretly." Zhiwei means smooth and flattering. In Bai Juyi's poem, "a long-term official grows up in politics, and then he is taught by the wind" also shows that officials should have a stable term.
Jing Zhaoyin is called an official.
In the second year of Tang Dynasty, with the insistence of Harmony, Pei Du, who was working in other places at that time, returned to Beijing. 17-year-old Li Zhan loves to play, but judging from his handling of Shen Li and Pei Du, this gentleman has his own views.
At a family dinner in Pei Du, Jing Zhaoyin and Liu Qichu whispered in Pei Du's ear, and Cui Xian, the ancient adviser, punished Pei Du for drinking on the grounds that "the Prime Minister refused to whisper with officials".
By officials generally refers to grass-roots officials and officials dealing with specific affairs, although Jing is an official? Service.
In the Tang dynasty, Jing's successors were,,, Li Yi, Wu Qi, Liu He Shi Mei and so on. Some fathers and sons have served as Jing Zhaoyin, such as Liu Gongzhuo and Liu Zhongying. Some brothers are Jing Zhaoyin, such as Li Zhongtong (Qingxin Zhongtong) and Li Shuming (Qingxin Shuming). There are uncles appointed as Jing Zhao Yin, such as Han Jiong and Gao Han.
There was also an imperial general named Wang Fu who claimed to be Jing Zhao Yin and was finally killed by Guo Ziyi.
Cui Guangyuan in Xuanzong and Suzong periods set another record. In less than three months, he served as Jing Zhaoyin for three times.
In the first year of God bless (AD 904), Zhu Wen sent someone to kill Zheng Yuangui and Jing, ministers of punishments. Ten days later, he bullied Tang Zhaozong into moving to Luoyang. The people in Chang 'an City were also forced to emigrate according to the square, and the whole Chang 'an City became a barbaric demolition site.
The once glorious Chang 'an suffered a devastating blow and lost its status as the capital of a big country.
Five-day Jing Zhao story
abstract
The "Five-Day Jing Zhao" incident originated from Jinghe in the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.
There is a saying in Chang 'an, Western Han Dynasty: "Zhao and Zhang came first, then there were three kings", which refers to five famous Jing, among which Zhang refers to.
In the fourth year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, after Hou was beheaded, some officials said that he was a member of the same party and had a close relationship, and he should no longer serve as a Jing. Xuan Di, Emperor of the Han and Yuan Dynasties, cherished Zhang Chang, a talented person, and detained him for playing books.
Although the book was left in the middle, ministers' participation in Zhang Chang spread around the capital. Jingzhao's location is such an environment, and many things have spread all over the city before they are decided. This is not good for Zhang Chang.
At this point, Zhang Chang arranged a hand to handle the case. The thief's surname is Xu Shun, which is very rare. His name is related to ancient sages. Xu Shunshun also learned that Zhang Chang had been tricked and decided to dismiss him for investigation, so he put a load on his shoulder and went home to rest. A friend advised Xu Shun that Zhang Jingzhao was very kind to you, so you didn't do it when you were depressed. Flocculant shun won't listen. First of all, he said, I have done a lot of things for Zhang Chang before, and I have done enough-some of them are like the tone of employees when they jump ship. Then he confidently predicted: Now he is in danger of Zhang Chang himself, and he will stay in Beijing for five days at most, so he can't take care of my business.
Zhang Chang immediately sent someone to arrest Xu Shun after hearing the news, presumably on the charge of AWOL.
At this time, it is close to the end of the year, winter is about to pass, and spring is coming. Traditionally, whenever the new year comes, the emperor, as the head of a country, will do a good deed and send special envoys to the people and various prisons around the capital to visit grievances and pardon a group of prisoners. If the case can't be closed before the new year, it will undoubtedly be forgiven.
According to Zhang Chang's instructions, the relevant personnel should work overtime and make a surprise case, so as to close the case before the arrival of the new year. After seven investigations and eight questions, he finally grasped the handle and decided to give up the capital crime of the market.
Before the execution, Zhang Chang sent a message to Xu Shunfa: Didn't you say that Jing Zhao could do nothing in five days? Now that winter is over, can you live?
A few days later, the angel sent by the emperor went down to the grassroots to inquire about the people's feelings. Flocculent family pulled the body by car, wrote Zhang Chang's words on bamboo slips and hung them in front of the car, telling grievances. Xuan Di, the Emperor of the Han Dynasty, thought that Zhang Chang's behavior was improper and could be dealt with lightly. Zhang Chang was dismissed from all his posts and returned to the initial stage, becoming an ordinary citizen.
There is nothing to do at home, but the new Jing's work is very weak. Fighting, gang fighting, theft and robbery are frequent, and Chang' an city is once again in chaos. Xuan Di, the Emperor of the Han Dynasty, thought of Zhang Chang again.
When the people in the palace came to Zhang Chang's door, his wife and children thought that a catastrophe was coming, and they cried into a ball. Zhang Chang laughed. He said, I am just a poor man now. If I want to be punished, I can tie up the pawns who came to the two county offices and take them away so as not to disturb the people around the emperor. Hurry up and pack your things, I will be taken seriously.
This is how the word "five-day Jing Zhao" came down. It usually means that being an official won't last long.
Derived story
Mention this Zhang Chang, there is a widely circulated story, that is, stroking his wife's eyebrows. This was originally a person's private matter, and it not only spread out in some way. Many people in Chang 'an commented with relish that the eyebrows painted by Zhang Jingzhao are very charming (called eyebrows). It can be seen that Zhang Chang is also an interesting person. The official in charge of supervision thought that painting eyebrows violated the moral code of conduct of court officials, so he took part in a book. Emperor Xuan Di personally asked about this matter, and Zhang Chang replied: I heard that things between husband and wife in private houses go far beyond eyebrows. In this respect, Xuan Di, the Emperor of the Han Dynasty, had a much deeper understanding than Zhang Chang, so he just laughed it off.