Border collie is a well-proportioned, medium-sized and strong-looking dog. The elegance and agility shown are commensurate with physical strength and energy. His body is solid, muscular and smooth, giving the impression that his movements are effortless and have endless endurance. This feature makes him the number one shepherd dog in the world. He is energetic, alert and enthusiastic. The IQ is equivalent to that of a child aged 6-8, and cleverness is one of his major characteristics.

[Body type]

Male shoulder height ranges from 19 to 22 inches; The shoulder height of women ranges from 18 to 2 1 inch. The body length (the distance from the end of the scapula to the hip) is slightly larger than the shoulder height. The bones are strong, but not exaggerated, commensurate with the overall size. The symmetry of the whole height, length, weight and bone mass is very important, which is much more important than a single feature. Being overweight should not be mistaken for muscle or bone mass. Any single feature that affects the overall balance will be regarded as a defect.

[avatar]

Expression: Smart, alert, enthusiastic and full of curiosity. Eyes: open, medium size, oval. Eye pigment and eye color are brown; If the main color of the body is not black, the color of the eyes will be obviously lighter. Eye pigment deficiency is a defect. In addition to the color of mountain birds, it is also a defect that dogs of other colors have blue eyes. A mountain bird dog has one blue eye or two blue eyes; One eye is partially blue or both eyes are partially blue. Ears: medium size, open, upright or semi-upright (keep 1/4 to 3/4 ears upright). The tip of the ear points forward or to both sides. Ears are sensitive and flexible. Head: broad, occipital bone is not prominent. The length of the head is equal to the length of the front face. The stopping point is moderate but clear. Muzzle: slightly short, firm and blunt, with a slightly thin nose. The mandible is strong and well developed. The color of the nose mirror matches the main color of the body, and the nostrils are developed. Like a truncated muzzle is a defect. Bite and bite: teeth and jaws are strong, scissors bite and bite.

[Neck, Dorsal Line, Body]

Neck: of appropriate length, strong and muscular, slightly arched, and gradually relaxed towards the shoulders. Topline: flat and arched at the back of the waist. Body: Strong appearance. The chest is moderate in depth and width, showing a huge chest volume. The chest depth reaches the elbow. The ribs are well dilated. The waist is moderately deep, muscular and slightly arched, without lifting. The hips gradually lean back. Tail: low position, medium length, coccyx extending to hock joint. There is an upward vortex at the end. When you concentrate on the task, your tail will hang down to keep your balance. When excited, the tail may be raised to the height of the back. A dissolute tail is a defect.

[precursor]

From the front, the forelimb bones are developed and parallel to each other. Viewed from the side, the ankle is slightly inclined. The angle between the scapula and the upper arm is appropriate. Elbows are neither bent inward nor turned outward. Wolf claws can be removed. The claws are compact and oval, the foot pads are deep and strong, and the toes are moderately arched and compact.

[hindquarters]

Wide and muscular, with a gentle tail. The thighs are long, wide, deep and muscular. The knee joint angle is appropriate, and the hock joint is firm and low. From the back, the bones of the hind limbs are good, straight and parallel to each other, with very slight cattle limbs. Wolf claws can be removed. The claws are compact and oval, the foot pads are deep and strong, and the toes are moderately arched and compact. Toes are short and strong.

[coat]

China allows two kinds of border collies: coarse and short. Both types have soft, dense and weather-resistant double coats. The puppy's hair is short, soft, thick and waterproof. It will become undercoat in adulthood. Coarse hair type: the hair is medium in length, flat and slightly wavy, and the facial hair is short and smooth. The forelimbs have feathers. The hair on the back ankle can be cut short. With the growth of age, hair will gradually become very wavy, which is not a defect. Short hair type: the whole body hair is very short, the forelimbs may have decorative hair, and the chest hair is full.

[color]

Border collies have many colors, different styles and stripes. The most common colors are black with or without white stripes, white neck, white socks and white tail tip, with or without brown stripes. All kinds of different colors of bodies are allowed, except all white. Monochrome, bicolor, tricolor and traditional colors should be treated equally in the competition. Color and stripes are the secondary indicators in the competition, while body structure and gait are the main indicators.

[gait]

Border collie is an agile dog. It can suddenly change its speed and direction without losing its balance and grace. Endurance is the symbol of this breed. His trotting gait is stretched, smooth and effortless. The distance between claws and the ground is the shortest. When he glides easily, the topline will not change (the topline is stable). Viewed from the side, his stride is large, but his stride frequency is very low, and his movements are fast and accurate. Shoulders, elbows and ankles are not slack. Seen from the back, the driving of the limbs is powerful and elastic. The hocks are close together, but they don't cross. Deviation from the above correct gait is a defect. Gait is the most important feature in the final evaluation, and it is used to judge whether the body structure is reasonable and correct.

Temperament

Border collie is a smart, alert and sensitive dog breed. It is very friendly to friends and has obvious reservations about strangers, so it is a very good watchdog. He is also an excellent sheepdog. He is willing to learn and is satisfied with it. Grow sturdily in human friendship. An obvious tendency to be fierce or very shy is a serious defect.

[defect]

The border pays attention to "seven whites in place", and the nose line is not a defect. Please pay special attention to dog lovers! "Seven Whites" only pay attention to the state of "white", which does not mean perfection.

Conditions for raising border collies

1. space condition

The normal life of human beings requires us to have enough living space at our disposal, and raising our own dog depends on whether we can provide it with enough living space. Dogs should have separate kennels, special places for them to defecate, yards or places to walk (parks or roads are also acceptable) to facilitate their growth and play.

2. Time conditions

It takes some time and energy to raise our favorite dog. No matter what kind of dog it is, it should be fed regularly and quantitatively, changed in water, bathed, walked, caged, groomed, manicured and sprayed. And always pay attention to the health of animals and pay close attention to some changes in their bodies.

3. Economic situation

Keeping your favorite dog is actually a pleasure, but if you want to keep your own dog well, you can't feed them, but eat leftovers yourself. Although we can't provide delicious food for dogs like some people abroad, dogs must provide them with clean, fresh, nutritious food that meets their physiological needs. In order to meet the needs of management, it is best to prepare some special items for dogs, and some appliances should try their best to pursue beauty and make them more artistic. Some of these things need to be bought in pet shops. Therefore, raising a dog must have a certain economic ability and cannot be forced.

4. Master some simple knowledge.

If we want to have a dog, we must know something about raising and training. You can consult experienced people or explore by yourself and pay attention to the information in books and magazines. It is best to read books about pet care, so that you can raise your dog better. Be sure to feed the dog reasonably, vaccinate the dog on time, and pay attention to the physiological characteristics of the dog in different periods, such as calcium deficiency, estrus and deworming.

Edit this paragraph | Return to the top function 1. Is the intelligence quotient of border collie really the highest among dogs?

The "smartest" varieties can be determined, but it still depends on their characteristics, such as learning ability, independent thinking, understanding ability or suitable work. Generally speaking, most border collies are smart. They have strong learning ability and are easy to train; High understanding ability, it only takes a little time and some practice to remember new orders. Unfortunately, their cleverness has brought trouble to their study. Because of their strong learning ability, they can't tell right from wrong, so they often learn some bad habits that their owners don't want them to learn or know; For this reason, if you don't teach them new things often, you will feel bored. Moreover, they can't train themselves, so their owners must spend more time with them to grow and learn.

2. How do they get along with their children?

Most border collies get along well with children. However, for children who are too noisy, it is still unbearable. Some nervous dogs have no feelings for children and even don't trust them. Occasionally, it will bite an active child, such as yelling or running.

Do they need a lot of exercise?

Border collie is full of energy both indoors and outdoors, and it is a pure working dog. When they are bored, they will bite things everywhere, such as furniture, shoes, books or carpets. Otherwise, it is digging a hole in the ground. Their favorite sports are: catching things (such as ball games and frisbee), swimming, jogging, running by bike (don't worry, according to their grazing habits, they will never run in front of the car to block your route) and climbing mountains. Usually, they don't exercise by themselves, so even if you have a huge courtyard, they won't exercise by themselves. They would rather lie comfortably sunbathing, or dig a hole to bite something to pass the boring time. But when they "work", you must pay attention, especially in summer, to avoid heatstroke. Because there is a kind of workaholic, if you don't stop it in time, it may work until it is "exhausted", whether it is hot or cold.

Another problem is that it is easy to get hurt, because it is fast and has enough momentum, and it often ignores obstacles on the ground. It is not suitable for running on hard and rough roads, such as cement roads and small gravel roads, which will lead to the wear of meat pads. Most border collies don't stop to rest until the game is over. Even if they are injured, this is something that their owners must pay attention to.

4. Are they good watchdogs?

Their grazing instinct is stronger than guarding livestock, so they are not ideal gatekeepers. But for its family, it is very conscientious. When it hears or sees something unfamiliar, it will bark all the time.

5. Will they lose their hair?

Like all dogs, it will. Especially in early spring and late autumn, it is more obvious.

6. Do they like barking?

Any dog will bark, especially when it is bored. Border collies are more likely to get bored than other breeds. But generally speaking, as long as they are well trained and fully exercised, they will be much quieter than other dogs.

7. Do you need to wash and dress often?

The fur of a border collie is easy to take care of. Usually, it only needs to be combed 2-3 times a week, each time 10 minutes. But during hair removal, you must comb your hair often. Because they have no smell, it's up to you whether to take a bath or not. If you think it is dirty, then it needs a bath!

8. Will they jump off the wall and run away from home?

Border collies are agile and flexible. When it finds that the outside world is more attractive to it, once it makes up its mind, it can jump over the six-foot fence; If it can't jump out, it will also dig a hole. Also, don't ignore its wisdom. When it learns to open the door, it will open the door by itself and then leave home gracefully and openly.

9. What should I pay attention to during training?

Because it is smart and good at reading words and feeling, the master must be "consistent" and "gentle and strict" in training. Because its fishing instinct is not lost to humans, it can flash by and never miss. Therefore, strict supervision, perseverance and erin brockovich are necessary.

Of course, when choosing puppies, health is also the most important consideration, so we must fully understand the injection records of puppies.

Edit this paragraph | Go back to the top to buy skills: Now, many countries require border collies not only to enter the family intellectually, but also to show their temperament and highlight their overall comprehensive impression. At present, there are several basic points in the pursuit trend of border collie in the world, which are also the breeding goals of border collie in China. Therefore, how to choose a good and high-grade border collie has the following elements: First, it is required that the border collie's face is square, which is its best image. Border collie with square face can better show its composure and atmosphere, and also highlight its temperament. Second, the kiss is short. This makes the border collie more energetic and brave. Third, it requires strong bone mass. This is the best embodiment of the combination of strength and beauty of the border collie. Fourth, wool requires long. In particular, the male dog's chest mane is as important as the male lion's big mane. This is an important embodiment of the elegant temperament and elegant momentum of the border collie. Fifth, the pursuit of body size standards, perfect color matching. Everyone likes beautiful things, which is the highest visual enjoyment. Tips: Choosing a puppy that is most predestined with you is like feeling the happiness of love at first sight. When selecting puppies, health is the most important consideration, so we must fully understand the injection records of puppies.

Edit this paragraph | Return to the top for routine maintenance: The double coat length of border collie is moderate. The fur of puppies will become the bottom fur of adult dogs, and the outer fur will grow with the growth of puppies. In spring, when they change their winter wool, border collies will have a big hair removal behavior. Bitches without ovaries also shed their hair, especially when they are in estrus and weaning their puppies.

Border collies should be groomed at least three times a week. This is very important for several reasons: First, it is a good opportunity to get close to your dog and check whether they have dog lice, fleas, lumps, ear infections, damaged meat pads and so on. You should have the following inspection or nursing equipment: dog brushes, regular brushes, brushes with needles and bristles, long-haired combs, cutters or knives for knotting hair (please use them carefully), high-quality nail clippers, hemostatic powder or miles, high-quality dog bath or hair washing liquid, conditioner, etc. (Don't use human products), dog toothbrushes and toothpaste (Don't use human products).

Starting from the puppy, you can only brush it gently with a soft brush until its hair grows, otherwise you will hurt the puppy's skin and make them very uncomfortable, which will also lead to many problems in the future. When you groom your puppy, you should give him a lot of praise or praise, and you should make him feel that it is a very enjoyable thing. Brush all parts of the puppy thoroughly, paying special attention to the hair behind the ears, the hair under the front legs and the hair at the tail, which are easy to knot. Cut the puppy's toes (the pink part) once a week. It can help your dog's paws become compact. If you leave your toenails long, the dog's paws will separate. After a puppy is one year old, it may be cut every two weeks according to the length of its toenails. Dogs and puppies should not bathe more than twice a month, even if they are very dirty. If they bathe too much, their fur will be very dry.

For adult dogs, use the puppy's brush to brush the hair behind the ears, under the front legs and inside. These parts are very soft, so the puppy's brush is softer and gentler. Next, brush the whole dog over and over again with a regular brush, which will help clean up the broken hair (which will lead to knots). It is best to collect these broken hairs in plastic bags. Make sure you brush your hind legs (these places are particularly easy to knot) and tail (some dogs' tails are particularly fluffy and dry), and then comb them gently with a comb.

If you find an unsmooth place, grab the hair in this place with one hand and push it away with another comb. It's best to catch a little less hair at a time and comb it more times. If there is a large knot, you can tie the hair with a cutter or a knife and cut off the quasi-knotted part with the sharp side. Please be very careful when you do these things, because you can easily hurt your dog and yourself. If the knot is bad, you'd better take him to see a professional nurse. Finally, comb the dog with a brush with needles and bristles. Comb the dog's face and body with the mane side, and then comb the hair on the tail and buttocks with the mane side.

Next, you should cut your dog's nails, brush your teeth and check your ears to see if there are any inflammatory symptoms or bad smells. These are all signs that you should see a vet. Remember to comb the dog thoroughly before bathing it. Once its knot is wet, it will get tighter and tighter, and it will be impossible to untie it later, so we must cut it off. Knotted hair is very painful for dogs, especially when it becomes tight.

Bathe the dog in a bathtub or shower (I personally prefer to use a shower. Dogs don't like standing in dirty water. All dogs like water massage. Dogs don't like to bathe in cold water like people. In addition, wash the dog with warm water more cleanly. Of course, the water temperature should be close to or slightly higher than the room temperature. If the dog shivers in the bath and the water temperature is too cold, if it breathes, it means that the water temperature is too hot (remember, dogs get hot easily, so watch these carefully). With a special shampoo, you can dilute the washbasin with water before bathing the dog with a towel or sponge. Remember to protect the dog's ears when washing. Wash the dog's face (around eyes, nose and mouth) with a towel dipped in clean water. I always soap the dog twice and then rinse it twice (you will be surprised to find so many dirty things washed down during the second rinse).

Next, apply conditioner (if necessary) and rinse thoroughly. Otherwise, there will be a layer of mucous membrane on the dog's fur, which will easily stick to dirty things. You can dry the dog with a towel or dry it with a low-temperature hair dryer. Don't let the dog go out until it is completely dry. Brush the dog again when it is dry. Remember to let the dog wash its stomach outside before taking a bath. Of course, bathing should be done before feeding the dog. Use a lot of rewards when taking a shower. Remember, your dog's fur health comes from the inside (that is, proper nutrition), which is to ensure that its fur is shiny and gorgeous from the inside out.

Feeding management of border collie

1. Feeding and management of nursing border collie puppies;

After birth, the puppies of border collie should be observed several times a day to prevent the bitch from crushing the puppies. Newborn border collie puppies can't urinate by themselves, so bitches have to lick their anus, abdomen and other places with their tongues to excrete. If the bitch can't do this, she needs her master's help.

The newborn border collie pups closed their eyes and could not hear the sound. Puppies almost open their eyes from day 9 to day 13. It took 13 to 17 days to hear the sound. When border collie puppies haven't opened their eyes, they should take special care of some weak dogs. When the bitch is breastfeeding, she should put the weak puppy on the nipple with plenty of milk and pay attention to the inspection at any time. Once the puppy crawls out, it should be sent back immediately. Generally, hearing will be effective one week after birth.

Border collie puppies can walk slowly about 2 1 day after birth. At this time, it is necessary to prevent them from running out of the delivery room. After 25 days of birth, the appetite will be very strong, and breast milk can no longer meet its needs. Be sure to add some milk, rice soup or some porridge, and then feed some fish meal, cod liver oil and bone meal.

Border collie puppies should start taking medicine at the age of three weeks, and then repeat it every 3-4 weeks until 16 weeks, and check whether there are eggs in the feces at 6 months. After a month and a half, puppies should gradually change to eating. Feed it 3-4 times a day to meet the needs of puppy growth and development. Weaning border collie puppies for 50-60 days.

2. Feeding management of border collie after weaning.

It is very important to feed and manage weaned border collie puppies. The period from weaning to 6 months is the key to cultivate a good dog.

The most difficult period for raising and managing border collie puppies is one month after weaning. At this time, there are many diseases and high mortality in dogs, mainly due to improper feeding management, which leads to the decline of puppy growth and disease resistance. Protein must be included in the diet of weaned border collie puppies. Don't eat too much when feeding, and try to eat as little as possible.

For border collie puppies from February to March, it is best to feed them 4-5 times a day and eat almost 80% full each time. Take good care of puppies when they eat, so as to prevent strong dogs from eating too much and weak dogs from eating food. Border collies older than 4-6 months should be fed 2-3 times a day. At this time, canine teeth have already grown out, and they like to chew. You can give them some long bones of animals. Bitches mature sexually when they are about 6 months old. In order to avoid premature mating, dogs of the same age, sex, size and breed are put in the same kennel. If you are raised in a group, you should pick out dogs that are rude and like to grab food and put them in a kennel where they can get along. One-year-old border collie, whose physical development is basically completed, is fed 1-2 meals a day.

If it has malnutrition or health problems, don't bathe the dog too much, which will make its fur look brighter. If the dog is properly nourished, but its hair looks a little dark or dry, you should suspect that there are bugs or thyroid problems in its hair, and you should take it to see a doctor.

[How can a novice tell whether a small border is pure? ]

Little border bears are easily confused by strings, and the following specific methods can be followed when selecting them:

1, depending on the size:

Border herding puppies give people a strong feeling. When the adult border shepherd grows up, the shoulder height of the ewe is 46-53 cm, and that of the ram is 48-56 cm. If the puppy looks thinner and has legs,

It's very slender. Be careful. Both Su Mu and Xiao Xi have long legs.

2. Look at the face: The face of Bian Mu gives people a feeling of "bending", while the faces of Su Mu and Xiao Xi are "straight". Border grazing from the top of the head to the tip of the nose, there is obviously a concave "bend" in the middle of the eyes, Su

The small edge of the cattle string may not be obvious for about two months.

3, look at the eyes: the eyes of the border shepherd are magical, look round, and look very focused. Su Mu eyes feel a little narrow and thin.

4. Watch your mouth: the mouth of the border shepherd is bigger than that of Xiao Xi and Su Mu. The mouth of the border shepherd is U-shaped, and the mouths of Xiao Xi and Su Mu are V-shaped. This shape is the shape of the mouth from top to bottom in the horizontal direction.

Many people say that it is wrong to look at the corners of the mouth vertically. Many people will say Su Mu when they see a long mouth in the photo, which is wrong, as long as the mouth is wide.

5, look at the ears, if the puppy's ears have not stood up at all for two months, be careful that it is a string. When the dog grows up, it has big ears, just like golden hair. How did it get out?

I don't know. The ears of the border shepherd are semi-upright or completely upright.

Don't believe in blood certificates and things like that. Many of them are lies. Now, officials can buy them as pieces. Buying blood certificates is so interesting. It is the truth to judge the price by dogs.

Method of judging the age of border collie

The dog's tooth growth, the degree of tooth wear and the color of teeth are important basis for judging the dog's age. For example, there are 42 adult dog teeth, all of which are short crowns. 1 and the crown of the maxillary second incisor is tricuspid, that is, there is a big peak in the center and small peaks on both sides. The remaining front teeth have two peaks, each of which is a curved cone with a sharp tip, which is a weapon for attack and self-defense. The premolars have a three-peak shape and the posterior molars have a multi-peak shape.

The puppy's baby teeth are white, thin and sharp, and they all grow together, a total of 28.

Puppies grow deciduous teeth about 20 days after birth.

At the age of 4~6 weeks, the incisors of deciduous teeth have grown out.

At the age of 2 months, all 28 deciduous teeth were full.

At the age of 2~4 months, the first deciduous incisor was replaced.

At the age of 5~6 months, replace the second to third deciduous incisors and canine teeth.

After 8 months, all the teeth were replaced by permanent teeth.

1 year-old dog with neat permanent teeth, white and bright, and sharp front teeth.

1 half-year-old dog, the big peak of mandibular first incisors was ground to the level of small peak.

Two-and-a-half-year-old dog, the fangs of the second mandibular incisors were worn out.

Three-and-a-half-year-old dog, the fangs of the first incisors of the upper jaw are worn out.

A 4-and-a-half-year-old dog has worn out the fangs of the second incisor of the upper jaw.

In a 5-year-old dog, the peak of the mandibular third incisor was slightly worn, while the mandibular first and second incisors were polished into rectangular surfaces.

6-year-old dog, the fangs of the third mandibular incisors have been worn off, and the canine teeth have been rounded.

7-year-old dog, the mandibular third incisor was worn to the root, and the worn surface was vertical oval.

8-year-old dog, the worn surface of the first mandibular incisor tilted forward.

In a 10-year-old dog, the worn surfaces of the first maxillary incisors and the second mandibular incisors are oval vertically.

16-year-old dog with lost front teeth and incomplete canine teeth.