Due to the long time and lack of information, it is difficult for us to fully investigate some details of Gu Mi. Many researchers have studied the place names in Shandong during the Spring and Autumn Period, and think that those in western Zhejiang migrated from Shandong, and some have outlined the migration route and time according to their own research. Because it is related to the historical origin of Longyou county, it is a problem that must be clarified in the newly revised county annals. This article talks about some of my own views to teach you.
First of all, about the different names of "Gu Mi"
The reason why this problem is discussed first is for the convenience of writing. Because "Gu Mi" has many different names and writing methods, we should solve this problem first, so there is no need to repeat textual research and explanation when quoting some historical materials in the discussion. Experts from all sides don't seem to have much difference on this issue, so they only quote a passage from Yu Shaosong's Longyou County Records during the Republic of China as the basis, and don't discuss it much:
The words "contempt", "sister" and "fate" were all common with the words "ignorance" and "-"in ancient times. "Mandarin" is "as for Gu Mi in the West", and "as for Gu Mi" is written in the Spring and Autumn Period of Wu Yue; Zuo Zhuan is an alliance with contempt, and Ram and Gu Liang are combined as "-"; It is also evidence (Kim's "First Contempt" and Ram and his two biographies are also "First Contempt"). The word "ancient" should be regarded as a linguistic word, also called "fish jump". "Yuyue" can be abbreviated as "Yue" and "Gu Mi" can also be abbreviated as "Mi". Zuo Zhuan's Alliance with Me and Du Zhuyu's Note "I am my aunt's concubine" are proof of this. Gu Zuyu's Summary of Reading History and Geography quoted Li Liuzhi as saying that "the upstream is even more shaking, the boat can be boarded with bamboo as the reference, and the' big' reading is like' reaching', which means taking it", which is untrue. When Wang Mang changed "Desert" to "Mo Zhi", it was also a single act. Those exaggerated words stamped with the word "big", such as "Liang", "Zhang Chu" and "Youxian". "Road History" means that Gu Mi, Gumei and Taimo are place names, which is the most general statement.
Second, the main records about "Gu Mi"
There is no sentence in the south, rain is falling in the north, cloudy in the east and Gu Mi in the west. ("Mandarin Vietnamese")
Reporter: This naturally refers to Gu Mi, because from the territory of Yue at that time, Gu Mi was located at the western border of Yue, which is now the western part of Zhejiang.
The old city of Gu Mi is located in Longyou, and Taimu County also governs Longyou. Its land is actually half that of Xi 'an, Jiangshan, Changshan, Hua Kai, Suichang, Yushan and Tangxi counties. (Wang Xianqian's Supplement to Hanshu)
Reporter: A guide, of course.
In June, C-Zi, cutting Wu, got the second tunnel. The territory is endless, and the sun comes from the south and reaches the suburbs first. Wu Daziyou, Wang, Wang Sunmiyong and Shou Zihong watched the game. When Mi Yong saw the flag that Gu despised, he said, "My father's flag is also. You can't kill the enemy when you see it. " The eldest son said, "A soldier who defeats others without fighting will die. Please wait a moment. " Mi Yong can't. He belongs to five thousand disciples, and the prince helps him. Good friends, war, the domain of Mi Yong, and the land of Yang. The more the son arrives, the more the prince stays. After the resumption of the war, he defeated Wu Shi and won the eldest son's best friend, Wang Sun Mi Yong, who lived in Yao. ("Zuo Zhuan, thirteen years of mourning for the public")
According to: This article describes in detail thirteen years (482 BC), and Gu despised the army for helping Vietnam conquer Wu. It is not only to help Vietnam cut Wu, but also to humiliate Nan Gu. Tu Yu commented on this passage: "Gu Mi, this is Taimei County in Dongyang. Mi Yong's father won it for Yue, so the ancient Yi people won its flag. " This also confirms that it is South Gu Mi.
Maturity week meeting ... Yu's aunt and sister Jane (Yi Wang)
It is said that when Luoyi, the eastern capital of the Western Zhou Dynasty, was built, the governor of Zhou Chengwang and the leader of Guyue presented "Gu Meizhen" as a tribute to Zhou Chengwang. Since it was put forward by Yu Yue, it was naturally made in South China.
In March, the public and the adoptive father despised each other. Zhu Zikai, too, was not ordered by the king, so he didn't write the title, saying he was an adoptive father, which was also expensive. The desire of the masses is better than the desire of the masses, which is an alliance of contempt. ("Zuo Zhuan Yin Gongnian")
According to legend, in the year of Lu Yin (722 BC), Lu Yingong made an alliance with Lu Yin here in order to be better than Lu Zi. The "contempt" here naturally refers to the contempt for Gu Bei, because under the conditions at that time, Lu Yingong could not have come all the way to Jiangnan to join the League.
Intercept it, it takes people to the north. China people chased them, but they were all defeated by the aunts. ("Zuo Zhuan Ding Gong Twelve Years")
According to legend, in the twelfth year (498 BC), the army of Lu Dongzheng was defeated in Gu Mi. When Luffy was fighting, it was impossible to fight the battlefield in Jiangnan.
Sister, it's too late, Longshan in gold, and Longyou in Qu today. There is regret for the city, but there is no analysis of its shortcomings. (History of Roads and Country Names)
Press: It is thought that aunt is too late, that is, Longqiu and Longyou, which is naturally a guide for aunt. It's just that "Analysis of Faulty Hills" spread to Gu Bei, because the same book has a comment on "Faulty Hills": "There is a city of ancient hills in Yanzhou today." This is naturally an obvious mistake, so Mr. Yu Shaosong pointed out in particular when compiling the "Longyou County Records" of the Republic of China: "Although Shandong and Vietnam are different, can we analyze them safely?" Be an aunt who doesn't belong to Lu. Those who have the same name in different places can't help but distinguish. "
Taihu Lake is also today's Gu Mi. (Zhao Weizhu)
Press: If so, there is another Taihu girl between the north and the south. It is precisely because of this statement that some people regard Taihu Lake as the intermediate station of Gu Bei's southward migration. However, the myth of Taihu Lake has no circumstantial evidence. Therefore, Wang Yinglin thinks that Taihu Lake is the "doomsday" mistake in Notes on Difficult Learning.
From the above records about Gu Mi, we can draw the following two conclusions:
1. In the historical records of Gu Mi, basically, north is north and south is south, which is completely distinct. Only in the last two records, the north and the south are mixed, but these two records are either wrong or lack of circumstantial evidence. It is far from convincing to prove that Aunt Nan despises Aunt Peking University and moves south.
2. If the article "Gu Meizhen" in the above records can be established, it can be said that there was Nan as early as the early Western Zhou Dynasty, which ruled out the possibility of Lu's southward migration in the Spring and Autumn Period. According to the analysis of the article "Defeat" and the article "Gumi Banner", the twelve years in Shandong are only 16 years away from the thirteen years. Under the conditions at that time, it was unlikely that Beimi would go south and enter the battle of wuyue in such a short time. Of course, some people will say that Gu Bei Mi was just a place name at that time, and there were not necessarily Gu Mi people. But this violates the principles of "the land moves with people" and "the name follows the Lord".
In a word, I think the evidence of Gu Bei's theory of moving south is not sufficient in historical records.
Thirdly, from the analysis of archaeological data
Lingshan River is the largest tributary of Qujiang River in Longyou, originating from Suichang, a neighboring county in the south of Longyou, but its main channel is basically in Longyou, with a county inland river of 56 kilometers long, flowing through Longyou County and joining Qujiang River in the north. A few years ago, there were major archaeological discoveries belonging to Liangzhu culture in Suichang County in the upper reaches of Lingshan River, so it can be said that Longyou is also within the scope of Liangzhu cultural circle. Moreover, many early cultural sites and ancient tombs have been unearthed on both sides of the Lingshan River in Longyou, indicating that human beings have lived and multiplied here for a long time.
Yuan Di site is located on the loess slope 6 kilometers east of the county seat and 300 meters southwest of Yuan Di village. When local farmers borrow soil from the site, pottery and jade are often unearthed. In archaeological investigation, there are pottery beans, pottery pots with sand, pottery pieces with carbon black, stone knives, Shi Mao, stone arrows and stone tools with holes. 1September, 1989, 4 pieces of jade beads and jade Zan unearthed from this site were collected. According to the analysis of the texture and manufacture of pottery and the characteristics of stone tools and jade articles, the site belongs to the Neolithic Age.
The site of Jiming Mountain is located in Jiming Mountain in the southern suburb of the county seat. There are many stone tools collected in the site, such as stone hairpin, perforated stone sickle, stone arrow, stone net pendant, etc., as well as many embossed pottery pieces, as well as mud pottery beans, sand-filled pottery tripod, conical tripod feet and other fragments. It is preliminarily concluded that the upper limit of the site is Neolithic Age and the lower limit is Shang and Zhou Dynasties.
Niuxingshan site is located in Niuxingshan, 5 kilometers south of the county seat and north of Xiayang Village. Soft and hard pottery pieces with various patterns and sporadic stone tools are scattered on the surface, and some pottery fragments are collected. Decorative patterns of printed pottery include mat pattern, rope pattern, vein pattern, diamond pattern, circle pattern, check pattern and so on. Stone tools include stone shovel, stone net pendant, stone hairpin and so on. It is inferred that the site was in Shang and Zhou Dynasties at the latest.
The mound tomb of Yanghoudian Mountain is located on the northern slope of Yanghoudian Mountain, 5 kilometers south of the county seat and 500 meters northeast of Xiayang Village. Fragments of original porcelain and printed pottery are scattered all over the place. According to the collected original porcelain pieces and printed pottery pieces, it belongs to Shang and Zhou Dynasties.
Pingshidun Tomb, located in Shi Cun, Xikou Town, 24 kilometers south of the county seat, is scattered on the loess hills about 1 km long. The unearthed primitive porcelain beans, Meng, Zun, bowls, cylindrical jars, and relief pottery jars belong to the Western Zhou Dynasty.
Donghua Mountain-Shitatou Tomb Group is located on the hillside from Donghua Mountain to Shitatou in the eastern suburb of the county. 1979 During the construction of the prefabrication yard in the first half of the year, it was found that there were 2 Han tombs 170 unearthed cultural relics170 within an area of about 5,000 square meters. 1987 The villagers built a house in Shitatou and found the Han group again. The county museum organized the cleaning and excavation of more than 20 Han tombs and unearthed more than 300 cultural relics.
The above are only some cultural sites found in the county, but it can be seen that the archaeological discoveries in Longyou County are complete in time series, and the unearthed cultural relics are rich, but few people can provide reliable evidence for Gu Bei's southward migration.
Fourth, about Xu Yanwang.
Xu's southward migration was an important event in the early North-South communication in China. Longyou can also be said to be an important residence of the Xu family after moving south. Until now, Xu is still the main surname of Longyou, and the Xu family in Longyou is also widely distributed. Many Xu people regard it as their ancestors. Xu Yanwang Temple, located in lingshan village, south of the county seat, was called "another famous relic of Xu Yanwang in Zhejiang" by Mr. Dong Chuping. This temple is famous all over the world because Han Yu wrote the Xu Yanwang Temple Monument in the Tang Dynasty. The temple monument has always stood in the temple, but because of its age, it broke into two pieces. The upper part was taken away by a master of the Xiang army during the war in Xianfeng period of Qing Dynasty. In order to protect the remaining half of the monument, the people of Lingshan built the "Hanjing Building" to hide it, and it was not handed over to Quzhou Museum until after liberation. Due to the special relationship between the Xu family and Longyou, some scholars believe that Mi belongs to the Xu family and moved to Longyou with the Xu family. But this statement obviously contradicts the following points:
1. According to Longyou folklore, Gu is an uncle and nephew.
2. In the old days, there were many temples in Xu Yanwang in Longyou. At present, there is only one temple in Dagongdian village, which has been preserved because it is located in the deep mountains. I made a special trip and found that the preserved couplets recorded Xu Yanwang in great detail, such as "Guo Xu is Gigi Lai, from Pengcheng to Zhiyuan (Dagongdian Village is located in the upper reaches of Xi Zhi)." And the four subordinates of Mao Wei also have statues to worship. However, there is no information related to Gu Mi left in the temple.
3. The most important thing is that in the records of Longyou local chronicles, harmony is always described separately, never confused, and it is obviously the subject, and Xu is the guest.
Judging from the local data in Longyou, it is also difficult to determine that it belongs to the Xu family.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) conclusion
To sum up, I think the evidence of "taking care of the north and moving south" is not sufficient. The southern ancient extinction should take Longyou as the center and Qujiang Valley as the main scope, from clan to tribe, from tribe to tribe, until it formed a political entity, which was gradually developed by the ancestors. Of course, there are also North-South exchanges and the absorption of advanced culture in the Central Plains, but it can't be the form and scale of "moving north and entering south". Regarding the misunderstanding between the north and the south, we still hold the attitude of "the same name in different places, we can't help but distinguish".
In addition, according to relevant historical records, Jian Jian, the King of Yue, once moved his capital to Langxie (southwest of Jiaonan County, Shandong Province). We might as well "boldly imagine" that those who conquered Wu with Yue might also move northward, so that the "Gumi Banner" could fly in Shandong. However, just like the hypothesis that "northern aunts despise southern migration", it is very difficult to "carefully verify" this point.