Song Dynasty: the dynasty that created delicious food?

The Song Dynasty was the time when the civil class in China was formally born. A large number of craftsmen, businessmen and small business owners formed the middle class in the Song Dynasty. The Song Dynasty broke the strict division between the political area and the civilian area in the Tang Dynasty, and extended the business of the civilian to all corners of the city. The capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, Bianliang, and the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, Lin 'an, were both big cities with a population of over one million. In Song Dynasty, there were six cities with a population of over 2,, and the number of cities with more than 1, households increased from a dozen in Tang Dynasty to 46. "There are at most one million assets in Beijing, and hundreds of thousands are everywhere." Due to the development of the civil class, the secular culture of the Song Dynasty has developed by leaps and bounds. When the ordinary citizens become rich, they will naturally pursue a high-quality life. Here, just talk about the food of the Song Dynasty. As long as you open the "Dream of Tokyo" by the Song Renmeng, look at the chapters such as "Zhouqiao Night Market" and "Eating Fruit", you will be dazzled by the menu of various special snacks in front of you, and you will not feel drooling. You will be amazed that there are so many foods in the Song Dynasty. Let me talk about several kinds of delicious foods that I know were invented and made in the Song Dynasty ...?

ham?

Ham was invented in the Song Dynasty. The word ham first appeared in the Northern Song Dynasty. Su Dongpo clearly recorded the practice of ham in his book "Talking about Things and Diet". "Ham is cooked with pig pancreas and the oil is exhausted. Tibetan ham in the valley, not oily for decades, a cloud of bran. "

In addition, it is said that Zong Ze, a famous anti-gold star in the Northern Song Dynasty, returned to his hometown and brought back some pieces of bacon from his hometown of Yiwu, Zhejiang, for Zhao Gou, Song Gaozong to taste. Zhao Gou cut it open and saw that the meat was as bright red as fire, and it tasted delicious. He was so happy that he named it "Ham". The production of ham requires multiple technological processes. Ham is rich in minerals and protein is not only a mouth-watering delicacy, but also a tonic. Up to now, Jinhua ham in Zhejiang, China not only sells well in China, but also sells well in Europe and America. It still exudes its unique and fascinating charm for thousands of years ...?

hot pot?

The truly recorded hot pot in the history of China appeared in the Song Dynasty. Lin Hong, a poet of the Song Dynasty, wrote in "The Mountain Family's Clear Supply", "Shi Yun: Only thin batches are used in the mountains, and the wine sauce and pepper are alive. Put a stove on the table, use half a cup of water, and after the soup rings, give each one a stick, so that you can put it in the soup and cook it. If you spit it, you can give it to each one at will. " ?

This shows that this way of eating is no longer stew and boiling, but "rinse". Lin Hong also based on the beautiful scenery of "Surge Sunny Jiang Xue, Wind Turning Late and Sunrise". A romantic name is given to this way of eating, which is "Banxiagong". Later, the eating method of "dialing Xia for confession" spread, and people rushed to follow suit. Soon people have used all kinds of meat and vegetables to rinse in this way. The hot pot in the Song Dynasty is no different from the modern hot pot in shape and structure, which makes people have to admire Dongpo meat.

Su Dongpo can be described as a great gourmet. His poems and articles about food are numerous. Now, the famous dishes named after Dongpo are: Dongpo elbow, Dongpo fish, Dongpo tofu, Dongpo cake, Dongpo soup, Dongpo crisp, Dongpo jade mixed, Dongpo sprout, Dongpo bean curd and so on. One of the most famous is Dongpo pork, which was created by Su Dongpo himself in Huangzhou. After he was demoted to Huangzhou, his life was poor. Seeing that the local pork was cheap and few people bought it, he personally cooked the pork and created the "Dongpo pork" with eternal reputation. There is a poem "Ode to Pork" as proof: "If you wash the pan, you can't afford to smoke without water. Don't rush him when he is ripe, he will be beautiful when the heat is enough. Huangzhou good pork, the price is as cheap as dirt. You refuse to eat, and the poor don't understand cooking. Get up in the morning and play two bowls, so full that you can't care about it. " "Dongpo Meat" is delicious and mellow, and it is fat but not greasy. People rushed to imitate this practice, and the reputation of "Dongpo Meat" naturally spread, and some people opened stores under the name of "Dongpo Meat". So far, it is a famous dish in many areas of China. In addition, it is said that Dongpo pork was invented when Su Dongpo renovated the West Lake in Hangzhou. ?

"Slow down the fire, less water" is the main idea of making Dongpo pork. His other song "Going after Rain" says: "Who can look after the fire, the small stove should take care of itself." Explain the key to the temperature. Slow cooking makes the soup thick, rotten, delicious and fragrant, which makes it attractive and appetizing. It has been found that the saturated fatty acids of pork are reduced by 3%-5% after 1-2 hours of slow cooking, while the unsaturated fatty acids beneficial to human body are doubled. It can be seen that "Dongpo Meat" is not only not fat but also beneficial to people. Is it really a delicious food that conforms to the way of keeping in good health?

Bean sprouts?

bean sprouts began to be eaten as vegetables in the song dynasty, when Lin hong, a poet of the song dynasty, wrote: "soak black beans in water, expose them to buds, put chaff in a pot, spread sand to plant beans, and press them with a board. If it is long, it will be reused in barrels, and it will be dried at dawn ... After three days, it will be washed, blanched with oil, salt, bitter wine and spices, and rolled with sesame cakes is especially good. The color is light yellow, and the famous goose is born with soybeans. " Here, not only the method of making bean sprouts is clearly recorded, but also the method of eating them. "Rolling sesame cakes" is the originator of the eating method of pancake-rolled bean sprouts in Beijing. Su Song, a Song Dynasty poet, wrote: "Mung beans with white buds are the best among vegetables." Meng Yuan-shen's Dream of China in Tokyo has repeatedly mentioned bean sprouts, such as: "When mung beans, adzuki beans and wheat are put in a porcelain, soaked in water, they sprout several inches, and tied with red baskets, which is called" planting "." Fang Yue, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, also wrote a poem called Bean Seedling, which described the process of sprouting bean sprouts in detail. According to the books of the Song Dynasty, there were at least five kinds of bean sprouts in the Song Dynasty, including soybean sprouts, mung bean sprouts, pea sprouts, bean sprouts and red bean sprouts. ?

bean sprouts are inexpensive, elegant and popular. You can board a luxurious banquet in the elegant hall, and it can also be a common dish of civilians. The nutritional value of bean sprouts is extremely high. Recently, western studies have found that bean sprouts can resist fatigue, inhibit cancer and treat epilepsy. Western nutritionists believe that bean sprouts not only have extremely high nutrition but also have extremely high therapeutic value. They all agree that bean sprouts are ideal food. I didn't expect the bean sprouts invented by China's ancestors thousands of years ago to be so amazing

popcorn?

Popcorn was also invented in the Song Dynasty. Fan Chengda recorded in "Wu Jun Zhi Customs": "Shang Yuan, ... exploded glutinous rice in a kettle, and it was named Bulou, also known as Mihua. Everyone blew himself up, so as to take a year off. " On the occasion of the Spring Festival, Song people used popcorn to predict the good and bad news of the year, and girls used it to ask their lifelong events. Song people added diet to culture, which made it richer in connotation. ?

popcorn is crisp and easy to digest, so it can be used as a delicious daily snack. The invention of popcorn reflects the richness of China's diet, which has a deeper meaning, that is, it creates a food processing method. It shows that the food processing in ancient China is not only a simple heating cooking, but also a physical principle of high temperature and high pressure to change the state and taste of food. This processing method is a modern emerging Penghua food. This processing method makes ordinary foods that don't agree with each other into delicious and distinctive food snacks. It can be said that popcorn thousands of years ago was the ancestor of various food snacks in modern times.

Many snacks were invented and created in Song Dynasty, such as "jiaozi" (jiaozi), "Suobing" (noodles), "soda cone" (fried dumplings) and "floating dumplings" (glutinous dumplings). It is said that there are "fried dough sticks" and "fried rice with eggs", and the Song Dynasty is really a paradise for food.