1, map tongue: It is a superficial non-infectious glossitis with different forms. Often similar to the national boundaries drawn on the map. The reasons for it were not known It may include mental factors, nutritional factors, local factors and systemic factors. Lesions often occur on the back of the tongue, the tip of the tongue and the edge of the tongue. The filamentous papillae in the middle of the lesion area is atrophied, the mucosa is bright red, congested and slightly concave, and the surrounding filamentous papillae is thickened, forming an obvious perimeter with the surrounding normal mucosa. When infected, there will be a burning sensation. Treatment: The prognosis of this disease is good, and generally no treatment is needed. Keep your mouth clean and rinse your mouth with 2% sodium bicarbonate solution. 2. Grooved tongue: The reason is unknown. There may be factors such as age, geographical environment, race and nutrition, systemic diseases, heredity and infection. The clinical manifestations are different shapes, different arrangements, different depths and different numbers of grooves or cracks on the back of the tongue. Some patients have symptoms such as dry and bitter tongue and food irritation. Treatment: generally no treatment is needed. Keep your mouth clean and rinse your mouth with 2% sodium bicarbonate. The pain of deep fissure in the middle is difficult to treat, so surgical resection of the fissure can be considered. 3, atrophic glossitis: it is the atrophic change of tongue mucosa. The causes include anemia (aplastic anemia caused by vitamin B 12, vitamin B6 or folic acid deficiency and hematopoietic tissue inhibition), niacin deficiency, Sjogren's syndrome and Candida albicans infection. The clinical manifestations are filiform papillae and fungiform atrophy on the back of tongue, smooth and crimson tongue without tongue coating, severe thinning of tongue muscles and thin tongue body. Dry mouth, burning or pain, numbness. Treatment: Keep your mouth clean, rinse your mouth with DeObert, take 0.3 tablets of ferrous sulfate, 3 tablets a day, 5mg of folic acid, 3 tablets a day, intramuscular injection of vitamin B 12 and vitamin B complex. Traditional Chinese medicine can tonify deficiency and nourish yin, nourish yin and reduce fire. 4. Tongue papillitis: Causes include malnutrition, anemia, blood diseases, fungal infection, abuse of antibiotics, endocrine disorders and vitamin deficiency. Clinical manifestations: Filamentous papillitis is mainly atrophic damage, while mycotic papillitis, contour papillitis and phyllodes papillitis are mainly congestion, redness and pain. Treatment: vitamin supplementation, obvious inflammation, oral antibiotics. 5. Intermediate rhomboid glossitis: The causes may include developmental malformation, candida albicans infection, diabetes, etc. The clinical manifestations are dorsum of tongue 1/3, rhomboid oval, long axis of front and back, and absence of lingual papilla. After diagnosis, there is no hard feeling, no conscious symptoms and no dysfunction. Treatment: generally no treatment is needed. Keep your mouth clean and rinse your mouth with 2% sodium bicarbonate solution. 6. Hairy tongue: the filiform nipple on the back of the tongue is excessively elongated, and it can have black, brown, white, yellow and green colors, which are called black hairy tongue, white hairy tongue, yellow hairy tongue and green hairy tongue respectively. The cause is thought to be related to poor oral environment. Abuse of antibiotics, smoking, diabetes, anemia, radiotherapy and Mucor rhizopus nigricans are the most common diseases. The clinical manifestations are filiform papilla hyperplasia, hair and bad breath in the middle part of the back of the tongue. Treatment: Maintain oral hygiene, actively treat systemic diseases and correct oral acid environment. Gently clean the hairy area of the tongue with a toothbrush, trim the excessively elongated filiform nipple and use nystatin. 7. Tongue tonsil hypertrophy: It is a proliferative change. It may be related to upper respiratory tract infection or poor denture stimulation. The clinical manifestation is symmetrical nodular protuberance on the lateral margin of the tongue root, which is dark red or reddish. Large tonsillar nodules can be aggregated many times and have irritating pain. Treatment: Generally, no treatment is needed, and those who suspect tongue cancer should be diagnosed by biopsy in time. 8. Amyloidosis of tongue: It is a rare systemic multiple organ involvement syndrome caused by metabolic disorder of protein. The etiology is unknown, and it is generally believed to be related to protein's metabolic disorder. The clinical manifestation is progressive megaglossia, the tongue body gradually increases, showing universality and symmetry, getting up early and soft, the tongue movement is not restricted, and becomes harder with the deposition of amyloid in the tongue body. Treatment: lack of specific therapy, dexamethasone can be injected locally.