Political Constitution The current constitution of South Korea is the new constitution approved by a referendum in October 1987 and came into effect on February 25, 1988.

The new constitution stipulates that South Korea implements a system of three powers and the rule of law.

According to this new constitution, the president is the head of state and commander of the national armed forces, representing the entire country in the government system and foreign relations. The president's term is 5 years and cannot be re-elected.

The president is the maker of domestic and foreign policies and can propose legislative bills to Congress. At the same time, the president is also the country's top chief executive and is responsible for the implementation of various laws and regulations.

The President exercises executive functions through the State Council, which is composed of 15-30 people and is chaired by him.

The Prime Minister, who serves as the president's principal administrative assistant, is appointed by the president, subject to congressional approval.

The Prime Minister has the right to participate in formulating important national policies.

The president does not have the power to dissolve Congress, but Congress can initiate impeachment proceedings to restrict the president so that he is ultimately responsible for the national constitution.

Parliament is called Congress, the legislative body.

South Korea implements a unicameral system. The National Assembly is the national legislative body, with 299 seats. Each term is 4 years, and the Speaker of the National Assembly has a 2-year term.

In addition to enacting laws, the functions vested in Congress by the Constitution include approving national budgets, foreign policy, foreign declarations of war and other national affairs, as well as the power to impeach the president.

Judiciary The Korean courts are divided into three levels: the Grand Court, the High Court and the District Court.

The Supreme Court is the highest court that hears appeals against decisions made by lower courts and military tribunals.

Justices are appointed by the president and approved by Congress.

The term of justice is 6 years and cannot be re-elected. When reaching the age of 70, he must abdicate.

The prosecutorial agencies include the Grand Prosecutor's Office, the High Prosecutor's Office and the District Prosecutor's Office, which are subordinate to the Ministry of Justice.

The Supreme Prosecutor's Office is the highest prosecutorial agency.

The president of the government concurrently serves as the head of government, and the prime minister assists the president in his work.

Chong Wa Dae, the official residence of the President of South Korea, is located at No. 1, Sejong-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul (formerly translated as "Seoul").

This was originally the palace of the Goryeo Dynasty. After the Joseon Dynasty established its capital in Seoul (formerly translated as "Hanseong") in 1426, it was used as the back garden of Gyeongbokgung Palace, and some buildings such as Yongwudang, Qingnongjae and a martial arts training ground were built.

, and opened a piece of farmland owned by the king.

After the Japanese invasion in 1927, all buildings except Wuyun Pavilion were destroyed and the official residence of the Governor of Korea was built.

After Japan surrendered in 1945, it became the official residence of the military and political governors.

When the Republic of Korea was established in August 1948, it became the presidential residence and was renamed Kyung Mu Dae (Kyung Mu Dae).

After the overthrow of Syngman Rhee's regime on April 19, 1960, Yin Pushan was elected president and took over Gyeongwutai.

Soon, because Yin Pushan was jealous of the word "武" and in order to correspond to the White House in the United States, he named the group of buildings with white walls and blue tiles Blue House, so some people also called it the "Blue House".

Nowadays, the main building of Qingwadae is the official residence of the president, with the president's office, reception hall, conference room, and living room. The auxiliary buildings include the secretary's office, the guard room, and the guest building.

The South Korean president proposed shortening the presidential term. (1) Grand National Party: The ruling party, formerly the Democratic Liberal Party established in 1990, was named the New Korea Party in 1995. It was formed in November 1997 by the merger of the New Korea Party and the Democratic Party of Korea.

The party lost two general elections in 1997 and 2002, but won the 2007 general election and became the ruling party again.

In the 18th Congress election in April 2008, it won 153 seats and became the largest party in Congress.

(2) United Democratic Party: In February 2008, the former Grand United Democratic New Party and the original Democratic Party issued a declaration of unity, announcing their merger into the United Democratic Party and electing Son Hak-gyu and Park Sang-cheon as representatives of the Democratic Party.

In the 18th Congress election in April 2008, it won 81 seats and became the second largest party in Congress.

(3) Liberty Forward Party: established on February 1, 2008, with congressmen who support Lee Hoi-chang, the former leader of the Grand National Party, as its main members.

In April 2008, it won 18 seats in the 18th Congress election and became the third largest party in Congress.

History: The Republic of Korea was established on August 15, 1948, and Syngman Rhee was elected as the first president.

In 1960, Syngman Rhee stepped down in a nationwide student movement.

In 1961, Park Chung-hee launched a military coup and was in power for a long time. During this period, South Korea's economy achieved sustained and rapid growth.

After Park Chung-hee was assassinated in 1979, Chun Doo-hwan launched a coup and became president in 1980.

In 1987, the South Korean authorities were forced by the democratic movement to amend the constitution and implement direct presidential elections. In the same year, Roh Tae-woo was elected as the 13th president.

The 14th to 17th presidents were Kim Young-sam, Kim Dae-jung, Roh Moo-hyun, and Lee Myung-bak respectively.

Geography South Korea is located in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula in the northeastern part of the Asian continent.

It is surrounded by sea on three sides: east, south and west.

It covers an area of ??99,600 square kilometers and has a total coastline of about 17,000 kilometers (including island coastlines).

The terrain is high in the northeast and low in the southwest, with mountainous areas accounting for about 70%.

It has a temperate monsoon climate, with an average annual temperature of 13°C and precipitation of approximately 1,300 to 1,500 mm.

The average winter temperature is below freezing.

The hottest month in summer is August, with a temperature of 25 degrees Celsius.