The heroic battle of the demise of the Song Dynasty
Orphans and widows lost their land in the Great Song Dynasty. Interested readers can follow me down.
In August 1274, Song Duzong Zhao Qi died of illness, leaving behind three underage sons: the eldest son Zhao Min (7 years old), the second son Zhao Xian (4 years old) and the third son Zhao Min (3 years old). Among them, the second son Zhao Xian was born to the whole queen, the so-called first son, and was made emperor by the powerful phase Jia Sidao and the Empress Dowager Xie, that is, Song Gongdi. From this time to the demise of the Southern Song Dynasty in 1279, there were only more than five years left. As children of the royal family, Zhao Gang and Zhao Min were teased by fate, and in such a short period of time, they also proclaimed themselves emperors one after another. The three brothers and sisters took turns to experience the sufferings of a king who perished, and they were called "three emperors at the end of the Song Dynasty".
Song Gongdi Zhao Xian was only 4 years old when he ascended the throne, so naturally he couldn't be in power. Empress Dowager Xie listened to politics, and Prime Minister Jia Sidao controlled the power of the imperial court. At this time, Xiangfan, a military fortress in the Southern Song Dynasty, had been lost, and Bo Yan led Mongolian fighters to the south on a large scale, and then marched eastward to sweep across the south of the Yangtze River. After many battles in Ezhou, Anqing, Chizhou and Lugang, Song Jun suffered a crushing defeat and the Yuan Army was unstoppable. Under the national condemnation in the Southern Song Dynasty, Jia Sidao, who was greedy for power and made mistakes in his country, was demoted and killed, and Chen Yizhong took over as prime minister.
Empress Dowager Xie Sufang
It's a pity that Chen Yizhong is a "lace pillow". On the outside, he looks righteous and impassioned, and he can confuse people. On the inside, he is timid and narrow-minded. Under his leadership, the military and political affairs in the Southern Song Dynasty became worse and worse, and people were distracted. Ministers fled in droves, and few people went to court. When the Yuan Army asked for talks with the Prime Minister of the Southern Song Dynasty, Chen Yizhong ran away in fright. Later, the Southern Song Dynasty sent Wen Tianxiang, Jia Qing Yu and other ministers to the Yuan military camp to negotiate peace, which was rejected by the Yuan army, because the Yuan Dynasty was determined to destroy the Great Song Dynasty.
In the desperate situation of Enemy at the Gates, a surrender ceremony was held in the imperial city of Lin 'an in the Southern Song Dynasty on the fifth day of February in 1276. Song Gongdi Zhao Xian announced his abdication, and then the Yuan army marched into Lin 'an. At the request of Yuan Shizu Kublai Khan, Zhao Xian, Empress Dowager Quan, Empress Xie and a group of ministers' attendants were taken to Dadu, which basically ended the Zhao and Song Dynasties, which lasted for more than 3 years.
It's basically over, not officially, because Emperor Zhao Xian was caught, but his brother Zhao Gang and his younger brother Zhao Min were escorted out of Lin 'an City by a group of ministers on the eve of surrender and fled to the south, leaving a trace of blood for the Zhao and Song Dynasties. Subsequently, Zhang Shijie, Wen Tianxiang, Lu Xiufu and other loyal people also rushed to the south to meet. In June, 1276, they established Zhao Gang in Fuzhou, that is, Song Duanzong, Zhao Min was named King Wei, and Wen Tianxiang served as the right prime minister and knew the Privy Council, leading military and political affairs.
Zhao Gang, the Song Duanzong, had a new emperor, but the situation did not improve. Under the fierce attack of the Yuan army, Yangzhou, Taizhou, Zhenzhou and Tongzhou fell one after another, and the new court in the Southern Song Dynasty lost its last stronghold north of the Yangtze River and had to flee to the south step by step. Due to the rapid advance of the Yuan Army, in Song Dynasty, the officers and men did not dare to stay in the city, and most of the time they fled at sea. The sergeant was far away from his homeland and complained bitterly. One day, a hurricane blew on the sea, and many soldiers fell into the water and died. Song Duanzong also fell into the water and got sick. Because the pursuers of the Yuan army approached, he could only continue to run for his life. In April 1278, the frightened Song Duanzong died on an island in Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province today, at the age of 9.
The eldest brother died, and the second brother was taken away by the Mongols. As the third brother, Zhao Min was ordered in a crisis and was proclaimed emperor by Lu Xiufu, Zhang Shijie and others, that is, Song Huaizong. Under the encirclement and suppression of the Yuan Army, the space left for the small court in the Southern Song Dynasty became smaller and smaller. Unfortunately, Wen Tianxiang was captured by the Yuan Army. Song Huaizong, Zhang Shijie, Lu Xiufu and others fled from Zhanjiang to Yashan (now the south of Xinhui County, Guangdong Province), where they fought a decisive battle with the Yuan army. It was known as the "Battle of the Cliff Mountain" in history, showing a tragic scene in the history of China.
The cliff mountain faces the sea, and the terrain is dangerous. In the Southern Song Dynasty, the army arranged more than 1, warships in a long snake array and connected them with ropes. The ships were coated with a thick layer of wet mud, which shattered the fire attack plan of the Yuan army. The Yuan Army blocked Haikou and cut off the water source in Song Jun. Song Bing was hungry and in a difficult situation. On March 19th, 1279, the Yuan Army launched the final onslaught. The fierce battle between the two sides lasted from noon to evening, and finally Song Jun gradually lost. When Lu Xiufu, the prime minister of Zuo, saw that the tide was gone, he put Zhao Min on his back, tied the national seal around his waist, and jumped into the sea to die. One hundred thousand soldiers and civilians of the Southern Song Dynasty, including Yang Taifei and other women, followed suit, and the Southern Song Dynasty officially perished, and the Song Dynasty, which lasted for 32 years, withdrew from the historical stage of China.
Jiangshan in the Great Song Dynasty was captured by Song Taizu and Zhao Kuangyin from the orphans and widows in the later Zhou Dynasty, and finally lost to them. Therefore, some later generations wrote a poem sarcastically: When Chen Qiaoyi was in the park that day, he deceived his widows and orphans. Who knows that more than 3 years later, widows and orphans were also bullied.