Tingjiang was called Yinjiang in Song, Ming and Qing Dynasties.

According to the test, most rivers in Fujian flow into the sea from west to east, and only Tingjiang flows to the south. According to the gossip, the south belongs to Tingshui, hence its name, and later it was renamed Tingjiang.

Tingjiang River originates from Laijia Mountain at the southern foot of Wuyishan. The water in Zhonghui Mountain is a small stream, which flows south to the culvert, passes through Longmen Gorge and flows south through Changting Chengguan.

All the way down the river, Nanshan Hotan Zhuo, Taolanxi, Wuping County, to the right, Liancheng County, an old state suburb of Shanghang County, to the left, flows through Chengguan, then goes out of the province in Hekou Village, Lixin Town, Yongding County, and joins Meijiang River at Sanheba.

Tingjiang River is the only inter-provincial river that flows through Fujian and Guangdong provinces.

It has a total length of 328 kilometers, a drainage area of 1 1802 square kilometers, and 55 rivers, with a total length of 1 137 kilometers.

Tingjiang River basin is like a banana leaf, surrounded by mountains, with winding rivers, alluvial sediments in the upper reaches and turbulent beaches in the lower reaches, and the riverbed changes complicated. The riverbed in the middle and upper reaches is mostly sand and pebbles, while the riverbed in the lower reaches is mostly pebbles and rocks.

From Changting Chengguan in the upper reaches to Shanghang Chengguan in the middle reaches, most rivers extend into small plains, forest vegetation is destroyed and soil erosion is serious. In case of heavy rain, a lot of sediment is washed into the river, which affects navigation.

The middle reaches and tributaries of Brewmaster River and Huangtan River are densely forested, with good vegetation, crystal clear water quality, wide river surface and stable water flow.

The downstream reaches 70 kilometers from the southern suburbs of Shanghang to Yongding Peak City, with a drop of 85 meters. The peaks on both sides are steep and the dangerous rocks stand tall. Under the pressure of high mountains and deep valleys, the riverbed is strongly cut down in a V-shape, the navigation channel is narrow, reefs and beaches can be seen everywhere, and rivers are swift, with more than 40 hidden dangers of beaches, among which there are nearly 10 beaches with a drop of more than 3 meters.

Shi Feng to Shishi is the junction of Fujian and Guangdong provinces, with a total length of only 7 kilometers, commonly known as "Mid-Levels". The stone walls on both sides of the river are cut, the riverbed is narrow, there are huge reefs and huge spikes, which are scattered all over the floor, with chaotic flow patterns and splashing water. It has been a restricted shipping area for thousands of years.

Except for the area from Hetian to Shuikou in Changting County in the upper reaches and Shanghang to the suburbs in the middle reaches, the Tingjiang River is flat and the water flow is slow. The rest of the river is a row of beaches, and the water level rises and falls sharply. The flood season is generally from April to August, and the dry season is longer, generally from September to March of the following year. The difference between flood level and dry level is 9.5 ~ 4.7 meters.

The main stream of Tingjiang River in Fujian Province is 282km long, with a total length of 611.5km, a drainage area of 90 10/0km2, a navigable mileage of 34 1 km and a navigable mileage of115.5km..

The main stream of Tingjiang River is 2 19 km from Changting Chengguan to Yongding Peak, and the average water surface ratio is reduced to 1‰. Changting-Hotan is 36.5 kilometers, the water depth in dry season is 0.2-0.3 meters, the channel is 3 meters wide, there are 2 dams, and ships can't get up and down, and they sail intermittently for 7 kilometers; It is 25 kilometers from Hotan to Shuikou, with a low water depth of 0.2 ~ 0.3 meters and a channel width of 4 ~ 5 meters. There are no operating vessels, only a few agricultural and sideline vessels are sailing. Shuikou-Shanghang is 92.5 kilometers, with a low water depth of 0.3-0.5 meters, a channel width of 5-7 meters and a navigation capacity of 3-5 tons. In the dry season of Shanghang-Shi Feng, the water depth is 0.4-0.6m, the waterway is 5m wide, and 3-5t motorboats can be navigable, among which "Sanfeng" barrage is the main barrage.

It is 5.5 kilometers from Shi Feng, Yongding County to Shishi, Guangdong Province. Because of its steep and dangerous natural valleys and scattered reefs, the low water depth is 0.3 meters, so only rafts can be used. However, the waterway below Shishi (Guangdong) is in good condition and can be used for navigation of 20-ton cargo ships.

The main tributaries of Tingjiang River are Brewmaster River and Huangtan River, and there are two other rivers:

(1) Jiuxian River joins Tingjiang River near Chengguan, Shanghang County, with a total length of 99.5 kilometers, a navigable mileage of 22 kilometers, a low water depth of 0.3 meters, a channel width of 3 meters, navigable wooden boats 1 ~ 3 tons, and navigation dams 1 seat.

(2) Huangtan River, which flows into Tingjiang River near the small river mouth in the lower reaches of Tingjiang River, has a total length of 107.6 km, a navigable mileage of 70 km, a low water depth of 0.3 m, a channel width of 3 m, navigable 1 ~ 2 tons of wooden boats, and two navigation dams are blocked, resulting in sectional navigation of 56.5 km.

(3) Zhuotianxi flows into Tingjiang River near Shuikou in Changting County, with a total length of 65km and navigable mileage of 1 1 km. In dry season, the waterway is 0.3m deep and 3m wide, and can be navigable by 3-ton wooden boats. At present, only a few ferries or agricultural boats are running.

(4) Taolanxi River flows into Tingjiang River at the estuary of Shanghang County. The total length of the river channel is 57.5 kilometers, and the navigable mileage is 19 kilometers. In dry season, the channel is 0.3 meters deep and 4 meters wide, which can be navigable by 2.5-ton wooden boats. There are no transport ships sailing now.

Hakka shoufu Changting

Changting, the capital of Hakka, the ancient city of Tang and Song Dynasties, was called Tingzhou in ancient times. It is located in the west of Fujian, at the junction of Fujian and Jiangxi, with Ruijin City in Jiangxi Province in the west, cities in the east, Shanghang County and Wuping County in the south and Ninghua County and Liu Qing City in the north.

With a total area of 3,099 square kilometers and a population of 520,000, it is the fifth largest county in Fujian Province.

The annual average temperature is 15- 19℃, and the climate belongs to subtropical monsoon climate with distinct seasons.

Changting has a long history, and there have been human activities since the Neolithic Age. It is one of the birthplaces of ancient civilization in Fujian.

Tingzhou was established in the 24th year of Kaiyuan in Tang Dynasty (736), and it was the seat of state, road and government until the end of Qing Dynasty.

Since the Jin Dynasty, thousands of Hakka ancestors in the Central Plains moved south to avoid war and famine, and settled in Tingjiang Valley. In the process of mutual integration with local aborigines, Hakka, a unique ethnic group among the Han people in China, was formed.

During the Southern Song Dynasty, with the opening of Tingjiang Shipping, Tingjiang became an important extension and part of the Maritime Silk Road, and Tingzhou City became a central hub and a major business town connecting Ganzhou and Meizhou, and it was "prosperous and prosperous, without reducing Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Zhongzhou".

Since then, countless Hakkas have set out from here and crossed the sea along the 800-mile-long Tingjiang River, constantly migrating and spreading to open up new living space.

Tingjiang Valley has become the cradle of Hakkas, the main settlement and ancestral home of Hakkas in the world. Tingjiang River is called "Hakka Mother River", and Tingzhou, as the birthplace and base camp of Hakka, is known as the capital of Hakka.

For thousands of years, towns like Jin 'ou have been placed in a valley at the junction of Fujian Province and Jiangxi Province.

Surrounded by Woye Pingchou, Wolong Mountain in the city has one peak protruding and is not connected with the peaks.

The ancient city wall built by mountains and rivers brought half of Wolong Mountain into the city, forming a wall-hung city, forming a unique pattern of mountains in the city and cities in the mountains.

Dina River is more like an elegant white wedding, crossing the city.

The city pillow mountain faces the stream, just like a bright pearl, embedded in the bank of Tingjiang River.

Cities are beautiful because of water, and rivers are more agile and charming because of cities.

Hsuanchan, the magistrate of Tingzhou in the Song Dynasty, vividly described it as: "One river and three streams meet at a distance, and Qian Shan is surrounded by thousands of waters.

"More than half a century ago, a New Zealand friend, Louis, had seen most of the scenery in China? The alley beside Tingjiang River is full of deep admiration: "China has two most beautiful towns, one is Changting in Fujian, and the other is Fenghuang in Hunan.

"

Changting's outstanding people have nurtured and brought up a large number of outstanding talents.

From Song Dynasty to Qing Dynasty (lack of Yuan Dynasty), there were 70 Tingji Jinshi (including 4 Wu Jinshi), 265 jurors (including 87 Wujin jurors), 42 special performers and 65,438+06 recommended scholars.

There were 528 kinds of "Five Tributes" in Ming and Qing Dynasties.

Liu Guoxuan, a famous Qing Dynasty painter who helped Zheng Chenggong to complete the return of Taiwan Province, Shangguan Zhou and Huang Shen, famous scholars in modern times, are all outstanding representatives of this land.

Historically, the names of many cultural celebrities resounded through this thousand-year-old city.

Zhang Jiuling, a famous minister in the Tang Dynasty, Zhu, a great philosopher in the Song Dynasty, great poets Xin Qiji and Lu You, Song Ci, the originator of world forensic medicine, Wen Tianxiang and Zhao Gang, great scientists in the Ming Dynasty, Wang Yangming, a litterateur, Xu Xiake, a traveler and famous scholars in the Qing Dynasty were deeply attracted by this land and left valuable footprints.

Their singing on the stage, splashing ink and floating clouds, and sighing for the country and people make the vast volume of Changting's history and culture more brilliant.

Hakka Mother River and Mother Garden

Changting is a famous historical and cultural city, the capital of Hakka and the ancestral home of Taiwan Province compatriots. Tingjiang River is a waterway artery that runs through Hakka areas in western Fujian and eastern Guangdong. It is the largest river in western Fujian, and ranks as one of the four major water systems in Fujian along with Minjiang River, Jinjiang River and Jiulong River. Tingjiang gave birth to Hakka people, which is called "Hakka Mother River".

Hakka ancestors in Tingjiang Valley created new homes and formed Hakka clans with pioneering spirit and hard-working and intelligent hands.

At the end of the Song Dynasty, due to the intensification of the war, some Hakkas went out from Tingzhou to make a living and moved to Shanghang, Wuping, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan and other places along the south of Tingjiang River.

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, a large number of Hakkas moved to Taiwan Province Province, Southeast Asia and Europe and America. Up to now, the number of Hakkas has grown to tens of millions, becoming an important ethnic group among the Han people in China. Hakka people have created brilliant achievements with the spirit of diligence, wisdom, courage and simplicity, and Tingjiang is worthy of being the mother river of Hakka people!

In order to promote the Hakka spirit, 1995, Mr Yao Meiliang, former member of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, Malaysian Justice of the Peace and chairman of Nanyuan Yong Fang Group Co., Ltd. donated150,000 yuan, and Changting County invested 800,000 yuan to build a Hakka Mother's Garden near Wu Tong Bridge in the south of Changting County, covering an area of 1500 square meters.

The activity of "World Hakkas Paying a Public Sacrifice to Hakka Mother River" initiated by Mr. Yao Meiliang was held in Hakka Mother Garden for the first time on129 October, and 1995 165438+ World Hakkas came to pay homage to Hakka Mother and Hakka Mother River.

Since then, it has been held once a year and has been held for nine times. Every time, thousands of Hakkas from Singapore, Thailand, Malaysia, Hongkong and Taiwan Province Province and guests from home and abroad in the "Golden Triangle of Hakka" in Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi participated.

Especially in the second public sacrifice ceremony held in June+1996 10, 5438, it was the largest, and there were also guests from the United States, Britain, France and other places.

Changting, the capital of Hakka cuisine

As the saying goes, if you haven't eaten Changting food, you haven't been to Changting.

Changting is a gourmet kingdom, a famous hometown of Hakka cuisine in China and a famous gourmet city in Fujian, and is known as "Eating in Changting".

Changting Hakka cuisine originated from the Central Plains. During the long-term migration, the Hakka people in Changting absorbed the cooking skills along the way. After living in Changting, according to the local climatic conditions, geographical environment, products and other characteristics, the traditional cooking skills of the Central Plains, the cooking skills absorbed along the way and the cooking skills of local aborigines were integrated and eclectic, forming a unique flavor system.

Pay attention to fresh fragrance, purity, primary color, original flavor and health preservation, and be good at "fresh, fragrant and clear".

One of the most important features of Changting cuisine is its outstanding "original flavor".

MSG is rarely used in cooking, even if there is no MSG.

In addition, sugar is also used less.

Food coloring has never been used.

There are many dishes on the menu, such as steaming, stewing, boiling, stewing and boiling.

Stewed beef brisket, steamed white eel, turtle swimming in the river, stewed fish belly, stewed live fish, steamed whole fish, clear soup frog, steamed mandarin ducks and pigeons, Shuang Yan Yingchun, etc. All these dishes have the unique Hakka flavor of Changting, and "Changting Dried Bean" ranks first among the eight dried vegetables in Tingzhou, with a history of 1000 years, and enjoys a good reputation at home and abroad. Tofu alone can make nearly 65438+.

Together with Changting persimmon brown sugar, it has become a tribute of past dynasties.

Changting River is one of the five famous chickens in China.

"Bai Duo He Jiang" has always been listed as the first dish in Changting.

1986 was awarded the title of "local flavor dishes" by Fujian province.

The traditional food "Kirin was born", also known as "paparazzi wrapped in pork belly", is also one of Changting's famous dishes.

In addition, there are many kinds of Changting snacks, including 6 kinds of China famous snacks such as Tingzhou Pearl Pills, Tingzhou Chicken Intestine Noodles and Egg White Fish Pills, and 34 kinds of Fujian famous snacks such as fried liver flowers, taro dumplings and lantern cakes.

From morning till night, on the streets of Changting, you will be so beautiful that you will never change your mind.

Hakka culture in Tingzhou

As a vassal state of Tingzhou, Changting is one of the most representative settlements of Hakkas.

Tingzhou has a far-reaching influence on the formation and development of Hakka, so it is praised as "the birthplace of Hakka" and "the capital of Hakka" by many ancestors in Hakka hometown.

According to scholars' research, since the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, thousands of Central Plains * * * have moved southward to avoid war and famine, and have trudged to Tingzhou area in western Fujian several times to live in mountainous areas. Under this "Xanadu" situation, they have flourished and developed, and gradually created a unique ethnic group among the Han people in China-Hakka.

"Without Hakka ancestors, there would be no Tingzhou".

It was the ancestors of Hakkas who flooded into Tingzhou, bringing advanced production technology and science and culture in the Central Plains, and the population growth enabled Tingzhou to develop.

From Tingzhou to Song Dynasty, it has become the largest city where Hakkas live.

With the passage of history, Hakkas have been migrating outward along the Tingjiang River Basin.

During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, most of them moved to Guangdong. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, a large number of Hakkas traveled across the ocean to explore living space.

The Tingjiang River originates in Changting, flows southward, leaves Fujian, joins the Han River and enters the South China Sea.

It is the fertile soil on both sides of the Tingjiang River that has nurtured generations of Hakka children, worked hard and succeeded in their careers.

Therefore, Hakka people call Tingjiang "Hakka Mother River".

Mr Yao Meiliang, a late member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, came to Changting again and again before his death to launch a grand and far-reaching ceremony for the Hakka mother river.

The annual public sacrifice ceremony attracted groups of Hakka descendants at home and abroad to travel long distances and return to Changting-Changting for ancestor worship, sightseeing and investment.

According to statistics, there are at least 60 common surnames with a population of more than 3 million in Taiwan Province Province, and more than 2 million Hakkas in Hong Kong come from Tingzhou. Liu Guoxuan, an important general who assisted Zheng Chenggong in the late Ming Dynasty, was from Tingzhou, and Shangguan Zhou, a master painter in Qing Dynasty, was also from Tingzhou. Sun Yat-sen's ancestors once settled in Tingzhou, and the ancestral home of the famous patriot Jiang Yong is also in Tingzhou. Guo Moruo wrote in My Childhood: "Five hundred years ago.

As of July 2009, there are 1 100 million Hakkas in the world, and most of their ancestors left footprints of survival and struggle in Tingzhou.

Because of the spread of Central Plains culture, the infiltration of foreign cultures and the blending with local cultures, the traditional culture of Tingzhou has formed the distinctive characteristics of the traditional culture of Changting Hakka.

Tingzhou Hakka Museum

Changting is the capital of Hakka, a national historical and cultural city, and many historical sites and former sites are well preserved. 1993, a special exhibition of Hakka was organized and displayed in Changting County Museum, and Tingzhou Hakka Museum was established.

The whole exhibition hall covers an area of 700 square meters and is divided into four exhibition halls and five parts. The first part is "the capital of Hakka in China"; The second part is "splendid and colorful cultural landscape"; The third part is "Hakka culture with a long history"; The fourth part is "Hakka families in the world"; The fifth part is "Changting".

The exhibition hall widely collects the mature development history of Hakkas in Tingzhou since the founding of Tingzhou in the 24th year of Tang Kaiyuan (that is, 736 AD). It shows the historical process that Hakka ancestors have thrived in this vast fertile soil and spread all over the world, making Tingzhou the Hakka base camp and capital of China. It is an epic that records the development of Tingzhou for more than a thousand years and is full of magnificent chapters of Hakka people.

Because of its rich contents, the exhibition has been well received by guests at home and abroad, and it is known as the "first Chinese Hakka Pavilion".

Tingzhou Hakka research center

Tingzhou Hakka Research Center is located on the bank of Tingjiang River in Changting County, Fujian Province, China. It is a four-story modern building with Hakka folk style and the only Hakka folk culture museum and research center in the world.

We can clearly see the golden banner of "China Tingzhou Hakka Research Center" inscribed by Mr. Ji Xianlin, a famous folklorist in China, hanging on the newly decorated golden glazed tile door.

The "China Hakka Research Center" was built with a donation of 2.6 million yuan from Mr. Yao Meiliang, member of the late Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and chairman of Hong Kong Nanyuan Yong Fang Group Co., Ltd.

In recent years, Yao Meiliang initiated and organized four ceremonies of offering sacrifices to Changting's mother river by world Hakkas, and more than 4,000 overseas Hakkas came to worship their ancestors and seek their roots.

Feeling a sense of urgency to preserve, inherit and study Hakka culture, Yao Meiliang built this unique Hakka folk culture museum and research center in 1997.

The building has four floors in the main building and three floors in the annex, with a building area of more than 3,500 square meters. The first floor of the main building is the exhibition hall, which mainly displays the Hakka feelings in five continents. Attached with a large number of photos, charts, publications, periodicals, sub-publications, objects, etc. It systematically introduces the origin of Hakka, its scattered history, Hakka community activities around the world, the introduction of world Hakka conferences, Hakka culture and academic research activities, etc.

On the second floor are offices, reference rooms and libraries.

The third floor is the reception room and guest room.

The fourth floor is the academic exchange hall.

The third floor of the annex consists of Malaysian Pavilion, Singapore Pavilion, Thailand Pavilion, Hong Kong and Macao Pavilion, Taiwan Province Provincial Pavilion, USA and Canada Pavilion, and displays photos, books, periodicals and objects reflecting the survival and development of guests and associations in the local area.

Since the establishment of Tingzhou Hakka Research Center, more than 20 issues of Tingzhou Hakka Newspaper have been published.

A symposium on "Tingjiang and Hakka" was held. More than 20 experts and scholars from Xiamen University, East China Normal University, Sun Yat-sen University, Jiangxi University and Shenzhen University attended the seminar, and 25 papers submitted to the conference have been published. Held a "report meeting on the field investigation of Hakka traditional culture" and published a collection of essays on Tingzhou traditional folk customs and temple fairs.

He is currently the deputy director of the Standing Committee of Changting County People's Congress. He graduated from Li Wensheng, the history department of Xiamen University. He has been engaged in the study of Hakka in Tingzhou for more than ten years, and has written monographs such as the Hakka Capital-Tingzhou Range Rover, Tingjiang and Hakka, the Song of Tingjiang-Hakka Mother River, Fangfang Biography and Exploring History.

In recent years, with the support and encouragement of Mr Yao Meiliang, Li Wensheng has visited Hongkong, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Taiwan Province and other places for many times, attended seminars on Hakka culture, visited Hakka associations, introduced the history and present situation of Hakka culture in western Fujian, and invited them to seek their roots and ancestors in western Fujian.

The Hakka Research Center in Tingzhou, China, assisted the local authorities in successfully hosting the 5th World Hakka Mother River Sacrifice Ceremony, and received more than 5,000 overseas Hakkas from more than 10 countries and regions.

Rauger, a professor at the French Far East Institute and a famous expert in folklore and religion, visited Changting seven times to inspect Hakka culture.

After visiting the Hakka Research Center, Lauger said that the Hakka culture in Changting is very rich, and the Hakka history and cultural relics displayed by the Hakka Research Center in Tingzhou are quite systematic and rich.

He marveled at the existence of such a modern architectural research center in a ravine far from the central city.

He was even more amazed at Mr Yao Meiliang's personal contribution to this cultural project.

He thinks Yao Meiliang has great cultural attainments and personality charm.

He said that he would take students to Changting to conduct a field survey of Hakka folk customs and decided to take the Hakka Research Center as the research base.