famous cities of past dynasties came forth in large numbers, such as Shang du yin, Luo yi in the western Zhou dynasty, Chang' an in the Han dynasty, Chang' an and Luoyang in the sui and Tang dynasties, Tokyo and Lin' an in the song dynasty, metropolis in the yuan dynasty and Beijing in the Ming dynasty. Its advanced planning, magnificent city and colorful influence have always been praised by the world. From the accounts of some foreigners in different times, we can get a glimpse of it. For example, in the Tang Dynasty, Japanese monk Yuanren praised Yangzhou city at that time, and in the Yuan Dynasty, Italian Kyle Polo thought that Hangzhou (Lin 'an in the Southern Song Dynasty) was the most magnificent city in the world.

Romantic Xianyang-Leaving the Palace

After Qin Shihuang unified the whole country, he vigorously reformed politics, economy, culture, unified currency and weights and measures, and unified writing. These measures played a positive role in consolidating the unified feudal country. On the other hand, it also concentrated the national manpower and material resources and the technological achievements of the six countries to build the capital, palaces and tombs in Xianyang. The historic Epang Palace and Lishan Mausoleum still exist.

Chang 'an in the Western Han Dynasty-Seven Stars Accompanied by the Moon

Chang 'an in the Han Dynasty was established on the basis of Xingle Palace, the original detached palace in Xianyang, Qin Dynasty. Later, Emperor Gaozu built Weiyang Palace as the main palace of Chang 'an in the Western Han Dynasty. After Hui Di, the Changle Palace was changed from Xingle Palace to Changle Palace for the Queen Mother to live in. The wall of Chang 'an was not built until five years after Emperor Hui of Han Dynasty. During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the construction of Chang 'an reached its peak, with the construction of Gui Palace, Mingguang Palace, Jianzhang Palace, Garden, Mingtang and Tanmiao.

Luoyang in the Northern Wei Dynasty-the city is rigorous

Luoyang is one of the seven ancient capitals in China. Because of its moderate geographical position, it plays an important role in economy and military affairs, so many dynasties have built their capitals here. Luoyang has been the political center of the whole country or the north for 3 years.

Jiankang in the Southern Dynasties-the rest of Qinhuai

Jiankang, the capital of the Southern Dynasties, is also a famous historical city, and the earliest city site was Yuecheng, which was built after the destruction of the State of Yue in the late Spring and Autumn Period. During the Eastern Jin, Song, Qi, Liang and Chen dynasties, six dynasties established their capitals here for more than 3 years. Jiankang is located at the mouth of Qinhuai River, with the Yangtze River in the west, Houhu Lake (Xuanwu Lake) in the north and Zhongshan Mountain in the east. The situation is dangerous and the scenery is beautiful, so it is known as "the dragon roams the tiger". The terrain is hilly, with many ups and downs. There are Jilong Mountain, Longguang Mountain, Xiaocang Mountain, Wutai Mountain, Qingliang Mountain and so on. Qinhuai River runs through the south of the city, Qingxi River runs in the east and Xuanwu Lake is located in the north. The urban layout, from the Eastern Jin Dynasty to Chen Dynasty, is basically the same. 2 miles around the city, there are 12 gates; Miyagi is located on the north side of the capital, 8 miles around; The official offices mostly extend south along the former middle imperial street in Miyagi; Residents are mostly concentrated in the vast areas on both sides of the Qinhuai River south of the capital, and ministers and nobles mostly live on both sides of Qingxi and Chaogou. In the south of Miyagi, two small towns are built on both sides. In the east, Dongfu City, where the prime minister often lives, and in the west, Xizhou City, where Yangzhou secretariat is located. Stone Town, which is near the Yangtze River, is an important military base to defend Jiankang. Every time there is a war, it must compete for this city first.

Daxing in Sui Dynasty-Large-scale

After Emperor Wen of Sui, Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty, took power in the Northern Zhou Dynasty, he chose a place in the south of Longshou Mountain in the southeast of the old city to build a new capital. Miyagi was built first, then imperial city, and finally Waiguo Luocheng was built. The new capital was named Daxing City.

Chang' an in Tang Dynasty-Lifang Zhongzheng

The above-mentioned Sui Daxing City is the foundation for the development of Chang' an in Tang Dynasty. Although the urban layout of Sui was basically followed in Tang Dynasty, the main palaces moved to Daming Palace in the northeast. Therefore, courtiers and dignitaries Z are concentrated in Dongcheng, which makes the city's center of gravity lean to one side, which is its characteristic.

Tokyo in Song Dynasty-bustling and crowded

After Sui and Tang Dynasties, the economy in the south of the Yangtze River developed day by day, and there was less war damage in the Five Dynasties. Therefore, successive dynasties relied on the supply of food and materials in the south. Bianzhou, which is located between the south of the Yangtze River and Luoyang, became a prosperous commercial city in the Tang Dynasty. In the Five Dynasties, Houliang, Houjin, Houhan and Houzhou all established their capitals here.

Dadu in the Yuan Dynasty, Beijing in the Ming and Qing Dynasties-horizontal, firm and straight, with symmetrical central axis and supreme imperial power

Beijing is located at the northern end of North China Plain, which is at the crossroads leading to Northeast Plain. During the Warring States period, a city was formed here, and the Liao Dynasty built its capital here. Jin Dynasty built Jinzhongdu in the east and south of Liaocheng. After the Yuan Dynasty destroyed the gold, when I arrived in Kublai Khan, Yuan Shizu, I built a new palace with the water surface of Qiongdao (now Beihai) in the northeast suburb of Zhongdu as the core, and then built a "metropolis" city. And close to Haizi to establish the imperial city, water transportation is very convenient.