Question 1: What are the tools of ancient painting? Where are they used? Can you be specific? The relationship between the development of China painting and Chinese painting materials and tools is not like two unchanging parallel lines. The relationship between them is near and far. Besides the accumulation of experience, the evolution of painting tools and materials has also had an objective impact. The improvement of painting tools and materials will have a negative effect on the development and change of painting. The two can be said to be mutually causal and promote each other. The writings on painting tools and materials have existed since ancient times, and Su Yijian's Four Chapters of the Study in the Northern Song Dynasty tells the story of pen, ink, paper and inkstone. On the writings of paper, pen, ink and inkstone, such as Mo Jing written by Chao Guanzhi in Song Dynasty, History of Inks written by Mi Fei, Shu Jian Pu written by Yuan Fei, etc. Today, Jiang Xuan has written the history of painting materials, and the information is relatively rich, but there is no special discussion on the relationship between painting and painting tools and materials. Paper first ... The full text is about 15, words. This article begins in prehistoric times and ends in the late Qing Dynasty. According to the general history, it is divided into ten chapters. Each chapter describes the development of painting techniques and materials and tools, and takes into account the relationship between them in writing. The techniques described in this paper focus on the composition, brushwork and ink method, as well as the steps and techniques of painting. In terms of materials and tools, the material, technology, performance and appearance are described, and the work and writings are abbreviated. The types of paintings mentioned in this paper include murals, silk paintings, scroll paintings, New Year pictures, etc., but printmaking has not been listed because of its great differences in techniques, materials and tools from other paintings. Looking at the historical sites, we can see that the history of China's ancient painting techniques actually evolved from "impossible" to "lawful" and then to "impossible and lawful". At the same time, the division and techniques of painter's painting, writer's painting and scholar's painting each follow certain development rules. The history of tools and materials has changed from simple to exquisite, from completely practical to more character requirements. In a word, the evolution of China's ancient painting techniques, materials and tools, each with its own roots, is also the motivation of each other, forming a development history of 5, years. Cdmdki/...8

Question 2: What were the tools used by the ancients to write and draw? There are five-point brushes, big and small, thick and thin.

question 3: what are the tools used by ancient painters to draw pictures? Painter-refers to the honorific titles for literati painters and court painters, such as Yangzhou painter Zheng Banqiao and court painter Lang Shining.

Painters-refers to the names for ordinary people who can paint, usually fairy statues and New Year pictures.

painter-refers to the name given to people who engage in architectural and garden decoration painting. Generally, it is painted stories on walls and corridors.

Question 4: What did ancient people use for painting? Primitive people used ink or carbon rods modulated with carbon powder as black pigments; Painting on rocks with natural iron oxide (hematite) as red pigment; After the emergence of carving technology, tools such as carving knives and axes were used to carve stones and paint

Question 5: What tools are commonly used for painting? There are many tools for painting. In ancient China, there were sayings of pen, ink, paper and inkstone, and the tools and materials needed for painting are different. For example, Chinese painting, printmaking, watercolor painting, sketch, oil painting, cartoon, etc. The main painting tools are: pencil, brush, oil painting pen, eraser, paper, canvas, drawing board, palette, pigment, etc.

Chinese painting is short for "Chinese painting". Mainly refers to the scroll painting painted on silk, rice paper and silk and mounted. Chinese painting is a traditional painting form of Han nationality, which is painted on silk or paper with a brush dipped in water, ink and color. Tools and materials include brush, ink, Chinese painting pigment, glue alum, rice paper, silk, etc. The theme can be divided into figures, landscapes, flowers and birds, etc. The techniques can be divided into figurative and freehand brushwork.

Watercolors include special watercolor pigments, watercolor paper and Spray Fixative. Watercolor pens can be divided into round pens and flat pens according to their shapes. Round pens are suitable for drawing and describing, while flat pens are suitable for flat painting and square blocks and lines. In addition, there are special line pens for drawing lines and large-area brush strokes. Generally, there are 13 kinds of watercolor pen sizes * * *, which are distinguished by numbers, ranging from , 1, 2 ... to 12, with 12 being the largest. There are also special small sizes or , depending on the brand. Most domestic watercolor pens are distinguished by even numbers, that is, , 2, 4~2, 22, and the largest is 24. Painters only need 4-5 brushes of different sizes for each work, depending on the size of the picture and the description requirements.

print is an important category of visual arts. Specifically, it is a picture printed by carving or etching on wood, stone, hemp, copper, zinc and other pages with a knife or chemicals. The art of printmaking has been accompanied by the invention and development of printing technology. Ancient printmaking mainly refers to woodcut, but there are also a few copperplate engravings and misregisters.

Tools

1. Blow-molded board: Many people don't know what a blow-molded board is. In fact, it is a little similar to the TK board that we often contact in our daily life, but the texture of the blow-molded board is brittle, and there is no film on the surface like the KT board, which is convenient for us to depict.

2. Oil roller: It can also be called rubber roller. In printmaking, it is used to roll ink evenly.

3. Woodcarving knives: Woodcarving knives are used to depict the patterns of prints.

4. Ink: The use of ink will directly affect the shelf life of prints. When purchasing ink, it is best to buy resin ink, because the particles of resin ink are more detailed, which is conducive to smearing and makes prints easier to color.

Oil painting is a kind of painting made of quick-drying vegetable oil (linseed oil, poppy oil, walnut oil, etc.) and made on canvas linen, cardboard or wooden board. Diluents used in painting are volatile turpentine and dry linseed oil. Materials and tools needed: oil painting pigment, oil painting pen, palette, turpentine, varnish, canvas, oil painting pen, oil painting frame, nail gun, yard drawing, square, T-square, etc.

Sketch, in a broad sense, refers to all monochrome paintings, and the main materials and tools needed for sketch are sketch paper, eraser and pencil. Characterized by simple painting tools can be divided into: pencil, charcoal pen, pen, brush, chalk and so on. Sketch is a general term for monochrome painting with pencil, charcoal, pen, etc., which uses lines to draw the light and shade of objects. It is characterized by simplicity and convenience. It is also the foundation of all painting, an independent art, and a stage that the study of painting art must go through. Commonly used pens are: pencils, colored pencils, charcoal pens, charcoal bars, charcoal bars, paper pens, etc. Among them, pencils are the main ones, with strong adhesion, easy modification, soft and smooth lines and colors, rich levels and easy to grasp. Nowadays, most of the pencils used in painting are Chinese drawing pencils, which are printed with symbolic symbols, such as HB, 2B, 3B, etc. English hard (hard) and black (black), two words together, and abbreviations take their respective spelling prefixes, namely: HB. Pencils with different characteristics, such as 6H, 5H, 4H, 3H, 2H, h, HB, b, 2B, 3B, 4B, 5B, 6B, 7B, 8B, 9B, which are commonly used in painting, are formed forward and backward with HB as the center. The changing rule is that from 6H to 9B, the lead gradually changes from hard to soft, from fine to thick, and the pigment gradually changes from shallow to deep. On the contrary, from 9B to 6H, the change of lead core is opposite to the above. According to the different contents of the painting, there are relative reference ranges for the use of pencils, such as still life painting (HB to 5B), plaster portrait (2H to 5B), figure portrait (2B to 7B), sketch (5B to 9B), etc. Design drawing (6H to ... > >

Question 6: What was the tool used to draw straight lines in ancient times? Mo Dou, it is said that it was invented by carpenter Lu Ban, but in any case, it can't be tested. Engineering survey and positioning are still in use.

Mo Dou is a very common tool in the traditional woodworking industry in China, and its use has three aspects: 1. Making long straight lines (which is also indispensable in mud, stone, tile and other industries); The method is to fix one end of the inked ink line, pull out the inked ink line, pull it straight and tighten it at the required position, and then lift the middle section and bounce it off. 2, ink storage, ink stick and crutch are used to draw short straight lines or make marks; 3. Draw a vertical line (when the plumb hammer is used).

question 7: what tools do you need to draw antique maps? In fact, I personally think that the dip pen can be used to paint ancient styles, which is very useful in depicting lines with varying thickness.

As for pigments, it depends on personal habits. However, gouache is not recommended if you dip in a fountain pen, which seems to obscure the lines-everyone paints people with markers, and colored lead and watercolor add effect

Question 8: What are the ancient calligraphy and painting tools in China besides Four Treasures of the Study? Pen, ink, paper, inkstone, piano, chess, books, paintings, stone seals, desks, book chairs, bookcases, ruyi, fans, incense burners, swords, lampstands, etc.

Question 9: How did ancient people draw maps? What tools do you use? How are the steps? The development of ancient maps ―― The development history of ancient maps has different characteristics in the East and the West. According to records, the Yellow Emperor of China used a map to fight against Chiyou. During the Xia and Yu dynasties, Dayu cast Jiuding map. There were records such as "map of the world" and "map of land" in the Zhou Dynasty's "Zhou Li", which shows that there were already maps used for production and land management at that time. Since agriculture came into being in the Yellow River basin, the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River have been the cradle of ancient oriental culture. It can be said that the development of China map is out of the needs of agricultural life and war. In the Spring and Autumn Period, a new method of mathematical calculation appeared for the needs of farmland water conservancy and military engineering. Although the map at that time has not been handed down, it is not difficult to imagine that the map has been widely used. For example, when Confucius saw people engaged in land survey and household registration statistics, he greeted them in the car to show his respect; In order to assassinate the king of Qin, Jing Ke asked for an audience in the name of presenting a map. This shows that the map at that time was an important tool in the hands of the rulers. According to the records, there are land maps, administrative maps, military traffic maps, general trend maps of the world, and maps of mines and cemeteries in ancient China. The earliest ancient maps of China that can be seen now are three maps unearthed in Mawangdui Han Tomb in Changsha in 1973, which were buried in 168 BC, namely topographic map, garrison map and city map. The scope included in the map is similar to that of Hunan, Guangdong and Guangxi provinces, and the content and representation are roughly the same as those of modern maps. These maps enjoy a high reputation in the history of map development. With the development of western maps, it is more certain that when agriculture began to exist along the Nile River in ancient Egypt, the river flooded the farmland in spring and washed away the boundary of the field. In order to redefine the land, a map with mathematical significance is produced, which graphically represents the land corridor and quantity. In ancient Greece and Rome, due to the development of handicraft industry, the development of maps shifted from agriculture to maritime trade and military war. They learned the knowledge of geometry and geography in Egypt and compiled large-scale and accurate nautical charts and world maps with large and small scale. In the history of ancient map science, there are two world-recognized cartographers. One is Ptolemy of Greece (AD 9-168), who studied how to describe the spherical surface of the earth on a plane, and put forward two drawing methods of the world map, one is to draw the longitude and latitude lines into a simple sector, and the other is to draw them into a sphere, which is called map projection. This is a very important foundation and one of the most important contributions of the early west to cartography. Ptolemy discussed the method of determining the shape, size and latitude and longitude of the earth in his book "A Guide to Geography", and selected the meridian passing through Ferro Island in the Atlantic Ocean. This method was used until 1884. He was the first person to draw a map of the world with ordinary conic projection. His works are of epoch-making significance in the history of ancient western maps, and he is called the founder of map science. The other is Pei Xiu (AD 224-271) of the Western Jin Dynasty in China, who compiled the Map of Yugong Region and the Map of Topography Abbot, the former is a historical map, and the latter is a simplified map of Jin State. He put forward the "six bodies of cartography", namely, the principles of scale, orientation and distance in map drawing, which laid the theoretical foundation for China's ancient cartography. The planning method he adopted had a long-term influence on the pattern of ancient map drawing in China, and was respected by famous geographers in later generations. According to the above, China's ancient map drawing is not inferior to the West in both practice and theory, and it has a concept unique to the West, so it should be sorted out, instead of belittling itself and humiliating foreigners. Zheng He was a famous navigator in Ming Dynasty. He was born in 1371. His original name was Ma, Ming He and Xiao Zi Sanbao. At the age of 12, he was taken into the palace to serve as a waiter for Zhu Di, the prince of Yan. When Zhu Di became emperor, he was promoted to the eunuch of the Inner Palace and given the surname Zheng, also known as "Sanbao eunuch". In order to consolidate his dominant position and expand his political influence, Zhu Di resumed the maritime traffic interrupted in Yuan Dynasty. Zheng He knew * * * language and was highly valued by Zhu Di, who sent him to lead his fleet to seven voyages to the West. At that time, the so-called western ocean refers to the vast area west of the South China Sea, including the Indian Ocean and coastal areas. Zheng He commanded about 2, sailors, soldiers, medical officers, comprador, etc. for many times, and took more than 1 treasure ships, which was much larger than the three ships with a load of less than 1 tons that Columbus discovered in the new American continent. From 145 to 1433, it took 28 years before and after the seven voyages and went through 37 countries. Zheng He was the first Chinese man to cross the Indian Ocean to reach the east coast of Africa, earlier than Columbus crossed the Atlantic Ocean to reach America in 1492 and Portuguese Dagama reached the Indian Ocean along the south coast of Africa around the Cape of Good Hope in 1471 ... > >

question 1: what were the tools used to draw circles in ancient times? The invention of compasses can be traced back to the Xia Dynasty in China. Records of the Historian Xia Benji recorded that Dayu had "left criterion, right gauge distance, carrying four o'clock, so as to open Kyushu, connect nine roads, vicious nine ze and spend jiusan." In Oracle Bone Inscriptions in the 15th century BC, the word "rules" and "moments" were already used, which was called "rules" at that time, that is, today's compasses. The book of rites, examinations and craftsmen records: "The craftsman founded the country, and the ground was suspended, and it was suspended, depending on the scenery. For the rules, know the sunrise scene and the sunrise scene. Take part in the scenery of Japan and China in the daytime, and the star of the night test is to seize the day. " . There is a brick statue of Fuxi Nuwa in the Eastern Han Dynasty in the Wuliang Temple in Jiaxiang, Shandong Province, in which Nuwa adheres to the rules and Fuxi adheres to the rules. The rules here are ancient beam rules, and the shape is similar to that of Oracle Bone Inscriptions's "Gui". A drawing tool for drawing circles. There are two feet, the upper end is hinged, and the lower end can be separated or closed at will to adjust the radius of the drawn arc. The end of one foot is a needle tip, and the end of the other foot can be fitted with a foot for drawing pencil lines or ink lines. Some compasses are fitted with extension rods to draw larger circles. There are beam compasses, spring compasses and movable core compasses.