1. The Putonghua test includes four items:

1. Read 100 monosyllabic words (100 monosyllabic words, 3.5 minutes, total 10 points).

Key points: check the standard degree of initials, finals and tone pronunciation of candidates.

(1) pronunciation should be standard and complete. In other words, the pronunciation of a single word should be complete in pronunciation, rhyme and tone. In particular, the pronunciation of the upper syllable (three tones) should be tortuous (2 14 tone), but do not overemphasize 4. (see photo)

Five tones of Putonghua;

(2) Full of breath, clear pronunciation and mellow voice, full of movement. In other words, the initials, finals and tones of a word should be read aloud, especially the finals, which should not be ambiguous, and the rhyme, abdomen and tail should be read clearly. For example, the pronunciation of "poor" should be pronounced as "q-i-ó-ng" instead of "Q-ng".

(3) There is no case where A is read as B, for example, "Jun" is read as "even" and "limp" is read as "turn".

(4) 100 Some monosyllabic words are uncommon, so we should have a good look at table 1 and table 2, and learn all the words we don't know and pronounce them correctly.

2. Read polysyllabic words (including 45 disyllabic words, 2 trisyllabic words and 0 65438+ tetrasyllabic words, with a time limit of 2.5 minutes, totaling 20 points).

Key points: check the standard degree of initials, finals and tone pronunciation of candidates.

(1) The pronunciation of polysyllabic words has a certain context because of the relationship between the words before and after, so the pronunciation can't read the complete sound, rhyme and tone like monosyllabic words, but it will change because of the influence of the words before and after. There are too many details here, so I won't state them one by one In short, you can't pronounce word by word, but you should read word by word. For example, "Qing" can't be pronounced as Qing-Qing, and "Succession" can't be pronounced as pre-servant-post-succession.

(2) When the syllables at the end of polysyllables are consonants, inflections need to be read; The words connected with the upper tone should have certain tone sandhi: for example, "management" can not be pronounced as two complete upper tones "VV", but as "∕V", that is, the second half of the word "Guan" and the complete upper tone.

(3) Light syllable words. There are at least three light syllable words in this question. You can't pronounce the tone softly. For example, wonton can't be pronounced wonton, but wonton? Tun.

(4) Erhua syllable words. This question is not less than 4 syllables. The key point of the pronunciation of Erhua rhyme is that the upper tongue bends to the center of the palate (commonly known as the oral ceiling), and two syllables are pronounced into one syllable. For example, the pronunciation of "Hua" should be rolled up before the pronunciation of the word "Hua", and then read "Hua"; Instead of reading "flower" first and then "er", the result is "flower"-"er" two syllables

⑤ The most important format. In Chinese disyllabic words, the stress of most words is on the last syllable, such as unity, right away, exam, work and so on. However, the stress of several words is on the first syllable, and the second syllable is secondary stress, not light syllable. Such as achievements, system, mistakes, punishment, analysis, convenience, utilization, criticism, atmosphere, art and so on. If these pre-stressed words are read as stressed words, they will sound awkward and show the unique colors of people in dialect areas when learning Mandarin. But it can't be pronounced as light tone, which is characterized by short (longer than the pronunciation of the previous word), light and no tone. Therefore, the pronunciation of this stressed and sub-stressed disyllabic word should be that the duration of the two syllables is the same and the same.

3. Read a short passage (one of the 60 reading materials given in the syllabus has 400 syllables, with a time limit of 4 minutes, totaling 30 points).

Focus: Test the level of candidates reading written works in Mandarin. At the same time, we should measure the standard degree of initial consonant, vowel and tone pronunciation, and emphasize tone sandhi, stop, intonation and fluency.

(1) A word that must be read softly will have obvious pronunciation when it is stressed, and this word will be deducted according to the error. Words that must be read softly are:

① The structural auxiliary word "de, de and de"

② Dynamic auxiliary words "zhe, le and guo";

(3) tend to verb "come, go", such as the past, come back, take it, come over, pick it up, grab it back, etc.

④ The word "up" and "down", such as on the mountain, under the slope, under the eaves, on the windowsill, etc.

⑤ The quantifier "ge" is like five people and two boxes.

(5) Suffix words "zi, tou", etc. , such as children, money head (later changed to stress, such as old man);

6 overlapping words, such as sister, look; It is the latter who is reading softly;

⑦ The plural word "men" is also a required reading.

⑧ There are a lot of disyllabic light words that must be read, such as: sun, friends, time, confusion, wonton, cucumber, serving, understanding, teasing, asking, coughing, nagging, kung fu, archway, girl, yawning, etc.

(2) When a sentence, especially a long sentence, can't be read in one breath, we should pay attention to whether the pause is appropriate. Generally speaking, it should stop in a meaning group, not in the middle of a word, which leads to a word being divided into two sentences. Improper suspension will be penalized.

(3) When reading aloud, there is no word-for-word, sentence-by-sentence or sentence-by-sentence reading, which is called lexicalization or phrasing, and points will be deducted.

(4) Don't read back when reading aloud. If there is back reading, points will be deducted according to fluency.

(5) The reading speed should be moderate, neither too fast nor too slow. When there is no familiar content or dialect influence, the speech speed is faster; However, when unfamiliar content appears or is influenced by dialects, the speech speed will slow down. This should also be deducted according to the smoothness.

(6) Some preserved training materials have made phonetic notation for some words in the reading works, and they should be read according to phonetic notation when reading aloud. Those who don't pronounce by phonetic notation will be deducted for their mistakes.

4. Proposition speech (limited to 3 minutes, 40 points in total)

Focus: measure the level of candidates speaking Mandarin without words, that is, oral expression ability. Focus on measuring the standard degree of pronunciation, the standardization degree of vocabulary grammar and the natural fluency degree.

(1) The intonation is natural and smooth. Try to use short sentences, because spoken English is short sentences.

(2) Don't use modifiers or long sentences. For example, "I stepped on the slippery street paved with pebbles and stayed in the warm and humid atmosphere in the south …", which was written with my heart, and points will be deducted if it is not smooth.

(3) Do not use dialect vocabulary and dialect grammar. Some people speak dialect words in Mandarin instead of dialects. Some people pronounce Mandarin, but it is dialect grammar and word order, and points will be deducted according to dialect errors.

(4) Don't use other people's ready-made manuscripts, online manuscripts and books, or repeat what you have said before as the content of the proposition. In this case, the similarity will be deducted by 4~6 points. There is a model essay on the Internet, which answers all 30 topics with one topic. It is called "Common topic of talking-scrambled eggs with tomatoes". This kind of bad practice is resolutely put an end to in the exam. Testers all know the online model essays. As long as candidates use the online model essays, they will be deducted 6 points according to their similarity. At the same time, you don't have to memorize your own manuscript. The manuscripts memorized are all written thinking. This question tests the ability of oral expression and thinking. If you memorize written manuscripts by rote, you will lose points according to your poor oral English during the exam. Because there is a clear difference between oral expression and written expression. For example. There are a lot of adjectives and modifiers in written language, while spoken language is much more concise. Written language is subject-predicate format, and spoken language may be subject-predicate format. For example: "Students who have finished their homework raise their hands" (written language); Raise your hand to finish your homework. Another example is: "Please help me find some classmates and move these books to the newly completed school library" (written language); Please ask some people to move the books to the school library.

(5) Do not deviate from the given topic. When you speak, you should speak according to the topic you choose, and don't digress, otherwise you will be deducted 4~6 points for digression. For example, "talking about hygiene and health" talks about hygiene and health. When the topic turns, it reminds me of my mother, her voice and smile, etc. This will be deducted according to digression.

(6) When there is no shortage, say 3 minutes. The fourth question allows a pause between two sentences. The maximum pause time is 5 seconds. If it exceeds 5 seconds, the accumulated score will be deducted according to the lack of time. Candidates who take the computer test don't need to calculate the time, and they don't need to look at the blue dynamic bar displayed on the computer screen, because the dynamic bar goes faster in the first two and a half minutes and almost stops later. Because it didn't reach the point, it stayed there. Many candidates think that the time is up, so they say "I'm finished, I'm finished, I'm finished, goodbye, thank you" and then say nothing, and the waiting time runs out, resulting in less than 3 minutes of effective speech, which is deducted.

(7) Don't say anything irrelevant to the exam. These three minutes can only talk about the content related to the topic, don't say anything irrelevant. For example, in order to kill the remaining speaking time, some candidates will count, read the instructions of the examination room, read the information of the admission ticket, and the above-mentioned "I'm finished, I'm finished" and so on. These will be deducted according to invalid words.

(8) Don't say anything that is too exciting, too sad or too emotional, lest you get emotional and burst into tears, making it difficult to continue the conversation. This will also be deducted if it is not smooth.

Second, the test process

( 1)? Batch registration and grouping

After the candidates register, each Putonghua test station (some called test center) will be grouped according to the configuration of its own computer equipment, and form a test batch to print the admission ticket. The admission ticket will list in detail the specific time point of the test center batch where the candidate is located, and the candidate should arrive at the test center on time at least 30 minutes in advance at this time point.

(2)

After the candidates arrive at the test center, the invigilator will call the roll according to the test batch of the candidates, so that the candidates in this batch can take the seat number. If there are multiple examination rooms, there should be both the examination room number and the machine number.

③ Enter the preparation room.

1. Preventive measures

After entering the preparation room, candidates should find the computer seat number or desk number that is the same as their own seat number according to the drawn seat number. There is a sample paper exactly the same as the computer test paper on the computer or desk for candidates to review the test content. Candidates can't fill in their names or make any marks on the sample paper, but they can take notes or comments on the paper provided by themselves or the examination room, but they can't bring them into the examination room. When entering the examination room, candidates can only bring their ID cards and admission tickets into the examination room.

Step 2 prepare the content

The Putonghua test gives each candidate 5~ 10 minutes to prepare. Candidates need to focus on the following:

The first question

(1) Find out the words you don't know, look up the Putonghua proficiency test guide book or dictionary and remember their pronunciation. Because there will be some rare words in this 100 syllable word.

(2) Find out the words of the upper tone, and remember to read out the twists and turns of the upper tone (three tones), such as "Hong", "Zou", "Tong" and "Warm", but the twists and turns should be natural, not overemphasized, and the end should be light.

the second question

(1) Find 3~4 light words and remember them, because light words are unmarked, such as "beauty", "friend" and "girl's harvest", but those with suffixes, such as "zi" and "head", are mostly pronounced softly, such as fool and girl, but "atom" cannot be pronounced softly; Overlapping nouns are also pronounced softly, such as "sister", "grandmother" and "wife". Light words are light and short, which is not only lighter than the pronunciation of the previous word, but also shorter than the pronunciation length of the previous word.

(2) Find out the Er words, which are usually added at the end of the word+er, such as "wife", "neck" and "little urn" (xi m: owè nger). When reading this word with "er", the pronunciation of Er should be rolled up before reading this word. This action should be pronounced one sound at a time.

(3) Find out that the ending word is the word with the upper sound, and remember that the ending word should also read the twists and turns of the upper sound. Similarly, this turning point should be natural, not overemphasized, and the ending should be easy, such as "interview", "drama", "invasion" and "development".

(4) Find out the words in light and heavy formats and memorize them. If you make a mistake in the format of the light and heavy notes, you will also be deducted. In Chinese, most words are pronounced as "before" and "after", such as "preparation", "software", "lead", "noodles" and "happiness", but a few words are pronounced as "before" and "after", but this light is not the tone of light, and it is abbreviated as the most important format words, such as "degree" and "happiness".

The third question?

(1) This kind of essay can be found in the Guide Manual for Putonghua Proficiency Test. The usual training is to watch it a few times, so you can relax when you take the exam. Pay attention to the pinyin words at the back of the guide book, and don't mispronounce them.

(2) Pay attention to the pronunciation of light words. In addition to the words that must be read, many function words are also read softly, such as the structural particle "de", the dynamic particle "zhe", "guo", the directional verbs "lai" and "qu" and the plural word "men".

Question four?

Choose a topic and prepare an outline. Make a speech outline, list what you want to say with phrases or one or two representative words, remember what you want to say when you see this word, and then roughly remember the order of the words listed in these outlines. When you arrive at the examination room, you can think and speak in this order. Try to talk about the process and details, not empty talk or big talk. Because empty talk and big talk are over, if the details and process can be unfolded, you may have reached three minutes before you finish, which will not be deducted. It's not that you are incomplete, but that the examination system is over.

Pay attention to avoid short time, similarity, digression and invalid words, otherwise the corresponding scores will be deducted.

(1) Absence time: cumulative deduction. After a topic appears on the computer screen, candidates should immediately choose one of the topics, read the topic aloud, and immediately start talking around the topic range given by the topic. The pause time of each sentence should not exceed 5 seconds, and the accumulated score will be deducted. If your speech is less than 30 seconds, the score of this question will be deducted completely.

(2) Similarity: Similarity means that the content of a candidate's speech is the same as the articles in online model essays, Putonghua teaching books or other books or adapted from what other candidates have said. Therefore, candidates should not use online model essays, articles in Putonghua teaching books or other books or contents mentioned by other candidates, otherwise they will be deducted accordingly.

(3) Off topic: refers to the theme that deviates from the topic. In other words, topic A becomes topic B. Candidates should focus on the big theme of a given topic, and there should be no deviation from the theme, otherwise the corresponding score will be deducted.

(4) Invalid discourse: refers to words or sentences irrelevant to the topic. For example, greeting the examiner, counting seconds, reading the rules of the examination room, etc. Otherwise, the corresponding score will be deducted. If the effective speech is less than 30 seconds, the score of this question will be deducted completely.

3. Counseling materials

The contents of the Putonghua test are basically the same, and all provinces and cities will issue their own test guidance books, but the basis is still the "Implementation Outline of Putonghua Proficiency Test" of the National Language Testing Center, referred to as the "new outline". Candidates can buy textbooks at the Putonghua Training and Testing Station or Putonghua Testing Center in their cities and counties. If they are students, they can buy textbooks at the Putonghua test station in our school.

④ Enter the examination room.

1. Find a seat.

Find a computer seat with the same number as the candidate's lottery, put on headphones after sitting, and don't move the switch. The teacher has set it to "On" status. Candidates are not allowed to touch the computer and mouse, obey the unified command of the computer teacher and operate according to the teacher's password.

2. Register the test number.

Candidates should enter the last four digits of examinee number, not the last four digits of the ID number. Because the admission ticket has both the admission ticket number and the ID number.

3. Enter the system for audition.

Read the text given on the screen aloud according to the system prompt. At that time, the provided volume recognition dynamic bar will change from yellow to green, which is the best state. If it changes from green to red again, it will be noise. If yellow is too weak, the red and yellow systems will not recognize it, which will lead candidates to take the exam. Audition only provides two audition opportunities, and you can take the exam only after you successfully pass the audition.

4. Enter the test paper.

The first question contains 100 words, a total of 10 lines, one line of blue words and one line of black words, to avoid continuous reading. Candidates should read horizontally, not vertically, otherwise the system will not recognize it.

Question 2: 100 polysyllabic words are arranged in 7 lines, one line is blue and the other line is black, to prevent candidates from reading together. Candidates should read horizontally, not vertically, otherwise the system will not recognize it.

The third problem is reading aloud.

Special reminder: Candidates with questions 1, 2 and 3 do not need to wait for the blue dynamic time bar to run. Just read the content of the question, and then click the OK button to go to the next question.

Question 4: Proposition speech

Choose one of the two questions given. Talk for three minutes until the screen jumps to another interface, and the test is over.

Leave the examination room

Candidates immediately leave the examination room with their ID cards and admission tickets. Don't make any noise when you leave. The admission ticket should be kept for use when inquiring about the results.