Hangzhou West Lake is located in the west of Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, in the center of Hangzhou City. It was formerly known as Wulinshui, Qiantang Lake, and Xizi Lake. It was first called West Lake in the Song Dynasty.
The lake is 3.3 kilometers long from north to south and 2.8 kilometers wide from east to west. The original water surface area is 5.64 square kilometers, including 6.3 square kilometers of islands in the lake, and the lake shore circumference is 15 kilometers.
The average depth is 1.21 meters, the maximum depth is 6.52 meters, the shallowest point is less than 1 meter, and the muddiest point is more than 5 meters.
Now, with the "Westward Expansion of West Lake", it has expanded to 6.5 square kilometers, basically reaching the area of ??the West Lake 300 years ago.
Su Causeway and Bai Causeway divide the lake into five parts: inner lake, outer lake, Yue Lake, Xili Lake and Xiaonan Lake.
After the communication between West Lake and Qiantang River, about 300,000 cubic meters of water from Qiantang River are introduced every day. The water of West Lake is changed from once a year to once a month, and the transparency is increased from less than 60 centimeters to 120 centimeters.
It was originally an ancient bay, formed after the sedimentation of the Qiantang River.
Most of the waters in West Lake are in a eutrophic state. Xiaonan Lake and Santan Inner Lake are close to the lower limit of eutrophication. The main pollutants are domestic pollution, with N and P exceeding normal values ??by 6 to 4 times. The annual average water temperature is 17.6°C, with the highest in October.
28.6°C, with a minimum of 4.0°C in March, and no lake ice; in the early 1980s, there were 51 species of fish, belonging to 10 orders, 16 families, and 43 genera. The sources of fish include: (1) native wild fish; (2)
) brought fish into the Qiantang River; (3) artificially introduced domesticated cultured fish species, and cultured fish became the dominant species. The most important stocking fish species in the West Lake are silver carp and bighead carp, which account for 75% to 80% of the total stocking volume; secondly
They are crucian carp and river crucian carp. Other farmed fish include crocodile bream, fine-scaled bream, round-nose bream, and eels. In order to protect large aquatic plants, the stocking of grass carp and herring has been stopped. There are still a small amount in West Lake.
There were 36 lakes named after West Lake in ancient China, among which Hangzhou West Lake is the most famous. If called West Lake alone, it usually refers to Hangzhou West Lake.
West Lake is a world-famous scenic tourist attraction with a long history, full of historical sites, beautiful mountains and rivers, and pleasant scenery.
There are scenic spots everywhere in West Lake. In addition to the "Ten Scenes of Qiantang" and the "Eighteen Scenes of West Lake" in history, the most famous ones are the "Ten Scenes of West Lake" named in the Southern Song Dynasty and the "Ten New Scenes of West Lake" rated in 1985.
In the 60-square-meter garden scenic area centered on the West Lake, there are more than 40 major scenic spots and more than 30 key cultural relics and historic sites.
To sum up, the scenery of West Lake is mainly characterized by one lake, two peaks, three springs, four temples, five mountains, six gardens, seven caves, eight tombs, nine streams and ten sceneries.
In 1982, West Lake was designated as a national scenic spot and in 1985, it was rated as one of the "Top Ten Scenic Spots in China".
On May 8, 2007, Hangzhou West Lake Scenic Area was officially approved by the National Tourism Administration as a national 5A tourist attraction.
Introduction to the attractions: West Lake was known as Qiantang Lake in ancient times, also known as West Lake. Its shape is nearly an equiaxial polygon. The lake is divided into five sub-lake areas by Gushan and two artificial embankments, Su Causeway and Bai Causeway. The sub-lake areas are connected by bridge holes. Each part
The lake water cannot be fully mixed, resulting in differences in water quality in each lake area. Most of the runoff supply first enters the three sub-lake areas on the west side, and then enters the outer West Lake; the total lake water area is 5.593km2, the total volume is 110 million cubic meters, and the average water depth is 1.
97 meters; the bottom of the West Lake is a lake-swamp sediment with a particularly high organic matter content, which is silty clay or silty loam. The uppermost layer is an algal sapropel layer (black organic clay), and the middle layer is a peat layer or swamp.
Soil, the bottom layer is the basal silt layer; the rivers entering the lake are short streams, and the main water supply rivers are Jinsha stream, Longhong stream and Changqiao stream discharge.
The beauty of West Lake lies not only in the lake, but also in the mountains.
Surrounding the West Lake, there are Longjing Mountain, Li'an Mountain, Nanfeng Mountain, Yanxia Ridge, Daci Mountain, Linshi Mountain, Nanping Mountain, Fenghuang Mountain, Wushan, etc. in the southwest, collectively called Nanshan.
To the north are Lingyin Mountain, Beifang Mountain, Xiangu Mountain, Qixialing, Baoshi Mountain, etc., collectively called Beishan.
They hold out the pearl of the West Lake like a crowd of hearts over the moon.
The height of the mountain is not more than 400 meters, but it has beautiful peaks, rocks, and beautiful forests and springs.
The north and south peaks face each other far away, reaching into the sky.
The ten scenic spots of West Lake were formed in the Southern Song Dynasty and are basically distributed around the West Lake. Some of them are located on the lake: Spring Dawn on Su Di, Wind Lotuses in Quyuan, Autumn Moon on Pinghu, Remaining Snow on Broken Bridge, Singing Orioles in Willow Waves, Watching Fish in Huagang, Sunset on Leifeng Peak, and Clouds on Twin Peaks.
, Nanping Evening Bell, Three Pools Reflecting the Moon, each of the ten West Lake sceneries is good at its own merits, and together they can represent the essence of the ancient West Lake scenery. Therefore, both locals in Hangzhou and tourists from other places talk about it, so it is better to visit first.
The Ten Scenes of the New West Lake were determined in 1985 through the active participation of Hangzhou citizens and people from all over the country, and after repeated deliberation by the expert selection committee. They are: Yunqi Bamboo Path, Manlong Guiyu, Hupao Mengquan, and Longjing.
Wencha, Jiuxi smoke trees, Wushan Tianfeng, Ruan Dunhuan green, Huanglong spitting green, Jade Emperor flying clouds, gem flowing clouds.
Other scenic spots include the beautiful Baochu, the old moon on the long bridge, the sentimental ancient pagoda, the lakeside green corridor, the flower garden, the Jinsha style, Jiuli cloud pine, Meiwu tea scene, Xishan gathering, Prince wild interest, plant kingdom, Zhongshan ruins, Lingyin
Buddhist Kingdom, Tomb and Temple of King Yue.
West Lake is not only unique in the beauty of its mountains and rivers, and the depth of its forests and ravines, it is also rich in cultural relics, beautiful and moving myths and legends, and is a clever fusion of nature, humanity, history, and art.