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The dragon is a miraculous animal in ancient myths and legends in China and other East Asian regions, and it is the leader of scale worms. Commonly used as a symbol of auspicious, it is one of the most representative traditional cultures of East Asian nations such as Han nationality, and the legend of dragon is very rich.

the most basic feature of the dragon image is "nine resemblances", which nine animals are still controversial. Legend has it that it can show and hide, be detailed and huge, be short and be long. The vernal equinox ascends to the sky, the autumnal equinox dives into the deep, and it calls for rain, and these are the images of dragons developed in the later period, which are more complicated than the original dragons.

Zhang Guo Xing Jing says, "If you have auxiliary wings, you are a real dragon", and you think that if you have wings, you are a real dragon. For example, in the Western Zhou Dynasty, there were a large number of dragon vessels with wings, and even Qinglong also had wings in the pre-Qin ornamentation, saying that Qinglong was the ancestor dragon. In feudal times, the dragon was a symbol of imperial power, and the objects used in the palace were also decorated with dragons.

the dragon ranks fifth among the traditional Chinese zodiac animals in China, and it is called "four spirits" together with phoenix, turtle and Lin in the Book of Rites. And in western mythology? Dragon, also translated as Jackie Chan, is not the same.

The creatures in China's ancient folk myths and legends that can be seen in China's classics can't be found in reality, but the components of their images come from reality, which play the role of eliminating evil spirits, avoiding disasters and praying for blessings.

background of expanding materials

In the early days, social productivity was low, people lived in harsh natural environment, and they could not independently control natural forces, nor could they explain their own sources. They were full of fantasies, longings and even fears about nature, and worshipped various natural or supernatural forces stronger than human beings. This was the social basis for the emergence of totems and ghosts.

The reason for the formation of the dragon totem is that it originated from the Busan symbol of the Yellow Emperor. Records of the Five Emperors in Historical Records records that after defeating Emperor Yan and Chiyou, the Yellow Emperor visited all directions and "joined Busan". This "combination of symbols" not only unified the symbols of military orders of various ministries and established a political alliance, but also combined some elements from the totems of the original tribes to create a new animal image-dragon.

From then on, all tribes in the Central Plains have the same dragon totem, and the history of unifying Chinese civilization begins, so China people are all "descendants of dragons".

Although this story perfectly explains how dragons that were not primitive in nature became the ancestors of the Chinese nation, the discovery of dragon images in prehistoric cultural sites made it self-defeating.

Most modern scholars believe that the dragon totem evolved from other animal totems. In the early days, the theory of snake evolution was widely representative. When the snake evolved into a dragon, we naturally became "descendants of the dragon".

But in fact, the saying of descendants of dragons didn't catch on until after the May 4th Movement.

Historical evolution

In China, dragons have experienced four major stages of development: totem worship, deity worship, the combination of dragon worship and emperor worship, and the combination of Buddhist naga dragon worship and loong worship. ?

In the stage of totem worship, some ancient tribes in China regarded dragons as totems as their ancestors and symbols. According to historical documents and related legends, the dragon (originally snake) was originally the totem of Fuxi clan, and later became the totem of Taijue (Tai Hao) tribe. Taiyi tribe is one of the most important origins of dragon totem worship.

In the stage of worship of gods, agriculture and animal husbandry gradually formed, and religious beliefs also developed, from a relatively simple totem worship to polytheism. Dragon totem worship has also developed into dragon god worship. People deify dragons and regard them as water gods and rainbow gods.

after the dragon was deified, it was combined with the worship of emperors. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, the great reunification of China required a corresponding great god to integrate the beliefs of all localities and nationalities, and the worship of dragons was combined with the worship of emperors.

The ancient emperors in China described themselves as the incarnation or son of the dragon god, or as people protected by the dragon god, and established their authority with the help of the dragon, gaining people's universal trust and support. In this way, the dragon gained a more prominent position and played a very important role in the development of loong culture.

Five-color dragon worship and dragon god belief were formed in the Warring States period. In the Spring and Autumn Period, there were five elements of gods, which were matched with dragons, tigers, phoenixes, turtles and Kirin respectively. The dragon was only one of them, which matched with Gou Mang, a wooden god, but the concept of five dragons had not yet been formed. By the Warring States period, the concept of Five Dragons had begun to take shape.

Finally, it is the stage of combining the worship of the Buddhist naga dragon with the worship of loong. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Buddhism spread rapidly in China, and the worship of the Dragon King in Buddhism was also introduced to China. In the local dragon worship in China, there was only the dragon god worship, but there was no dragon king worship. The dragon king worship was introduced after the introduction of Buddhism. With the spread of Buddhism, the Dragon King, the Dragon Palace and the Dragon Maiden have also spread rapidly.

However, since ancient times, there have been five-color dragons and four-world gods in China, and they were often called dragon gods before the Song Dynasty. It was not until Song Huizong made five dragons king that the dragon king belief became popular.

It can be said that the present Four Seas Dragon King and Five Emperors Dragon King came from the local dragon gods sealed by the imperial court, while the Taoist dragon king, which evolved from the local dragon god in China, was the direct patriarch of the Four Seas Dragon King in the later novels of ghosts and gods, and both the Four Seas Dragon King and the Five Emperors Dragon King evolved from the five dragon gods in China.