david copperfield is the work of Dickens, a British writer, which tells the story of a petty-bourgeois intellectual seeking a way out in capitalist society. The orphan Copperfield has suffered many hardships and suffered the bitterness of life. With the help of some kind people in many ways and through indomitable struggle, he finally achieved career achievements and family happiness. The joys and sorrows of the characters around Copperfield's life reveal the truth of the society at that time in many ways.

under the impact of free competition and free trade, the law of money dominates society. Copperfield's bumpy life was caused by the plot of property related to him by Moder Si Tong, Yulia Heep and others. From the hustle and bustle of London to secluded villages and desolate beaches, there is a poisonous fog of money worship and selfishness everywhere, which stifles people's lives and even children. At that time, children's education in Britain had become the object of bourgeois business. After bankruptcy, Krygur, a small wine merchant, opened Salem School, but he was running another business. All he cared about was how to pay off the debts with tuition fees and deduct more from the students' food expenses to make huge profits. As a headmaster, he knows nothing but "flogging art", and the school he rules is full of chilling horror and snobbery. Cruelly squeezing cheap labor from child labor was a common phenomenon in British factories at that time. A wholesale store of Moder Si Tong Green Wine Company employed three or four children, among whom Copperfield just aged 11 worked like an adult from morning till night, but he was only paid to buy a little old cake or coarse cloth sold at half price, and he was always hungry and ragged, with untold pain and humiliation.

Marriage and family are issues that Dickens has always been concerned about. In his works, he wrote many pages about how money defiled and destroyed this temple of feelings that has always been regarded as holy. Mr. Moder Si Tong married Copperfield's widowed mother, but obtained her property through marriage; Miss Moder Si Tong then came to the family to take charge of the property. And little Copperfield was an obstacle for them to occupy this property, so he was regarded as a thorn in their side and was bullied. As the embodiment of materialism, the so-called self-control, firmness and willpower in the character of Mod Si Tong's brothers and sisters are actually mercenary, and they despise any spiritual life. They are "like a cold wind blowing away the normal feelings between all people", depriving Copperfield of the original tranquility and joy, and finally making Copperfield's kind-hearted and fragile mother leave the world in distress and fright. Mr. Peggotty, an old boatman, organized a family with the same surname, relying on labor and mutual attachment, care and consideration, and lived on an old barge. Although she was poor, she was very happy. However, under the temptation of being a "rich wife", Little Emily eloped with Steerforth, the master of a rich family. Since then, her uncle Mr. Peggotty has been wandering around looking for her. Her fiance, Haimu, lost hope of life. She used to be such a warm and amiable old barge, leaving only the lonely Mrs. Gumizhi, lighting candles every night and waiting for Emily's return. Heep, the clerk of Wakefield Law Firm, used all kinds of despicable means to intimidate his employer Wakefield to "give up his name and reputation step by step", which brought unspeakable pain to Wakefield's father and daughter. Due to the property dispute, Mr. Dick was tortured by his family to be insane, and even almost imprisoned for life. Mrs. Ma Qi kept extorting money from her son-in-law, Dr. Strang, in the name of her daughter Anne, which caused others to doubt Anne's love and once caused a estrangement between them. Copperfield's aunt separated because of her husband's profligacy, and Peggotty, the old nanny, was distressed because of her husband's meanness. A series of storms and entanglements not only show that marriages and families based on capitalist society are often fragile and unfortunate, but also show the turmoil of capitalist society from one aspect.

The cruelty of the money world is intensively and sharply reflected in the economic pressure on the broad masses of the lower classes. Dickens, who was born in a bankrupt clerk's family, had a personal experience and understanding of this. With deep sympathy, he described the pain of the poor teacher Maier and the anxiety of Mr. Micawber, who was poor and undeclared. Maier, who was in charge of all the work in Salem School, "didn't even have half a shilling with him", and his boots were torn beyond repair. What's more sad is that because his old mother lived in the workhouse, she was humiliated in every way and even expelled from the school. Mr Micawber solicits business for all kinds of businesses, with "little or no income". In order to maintain a family with a growing population, he sells all his money and is displaced from place to place. Creditors often come to the door to scold, and they are in danger of being sued by creditors and arrested and imprisoned by bailiffs at any time. Mr Micawber has been waiting for "opportunity" all his life, but the opportunity has never appeared before him. Mrs Micawber, who is faithful to love, sincerely believes that her husband "has all kinds of qualifications and talents". Unfortunately, these "qualifications and talents" have never been understood and appreciated. Mrs Micawber is good at estimating and analyzing the situation. Unfortunately, her reason and logic always hit a wall everywhere in a society that recognizes money and denies people. Although Micawber, who is happy by nature, is able to take things as they are and take pleasure in solving his worries, we can't help but feel bitter about how difficult the fate of this little guy is. Finally, under the pressure of money, Micawber once became a tool for the wicked to do evil. When he broke free from the clutches and lifted the burden of his conscience, he finally realized that his family could not find a place to settle down in Britain and decided to emigrate overseas. On the one hand, the immigrants on the ship bound for Australia explain the British colonial policy of outward expansion, on the other hand, aren't they also an accusation against the country that gave them birth but didn't give them jobs?

Yulia Heep, a despicable person who lost his virtue because of his wealth, represents the shamelessness and hypocrisy of capitalist society. His description, manners, words and smiles exude disgusting hypocrisy everywhere. In order to "work" in this world, he is humble and humble again, and he is patient and patient again. Under the mask of fawning, he hides his ambition to grab wealth and status. He is always peeping, always looking for opportunities to harm others and benefit himself. He is good at prying into other people's privacy, as a handle to blackmail and subdue them at a certain time, and he is better at using other people's weaknesses to achieve his ulterior motives. He intends to encourage Wickfield's lawyer to develop the bad habit of drinking, forge bills and signatures while he is drunk and weak, and engage in deception and plunder with all kinds of illegal conspiracies until Wickfield is "pressed under his thumb". He uses Mr. Micawber's poverty, with extremely meager salary and a small loan, to tie this good gentleman to all kinds of criminal activities for him to drive. Especially when Heep, as a blackmailer, was exposed and put in jail, he continued to win people's praise for his "humility" and "concession" and became a "model" and "penitent", which is even more wonderful irony.

The ruthlessness between people, the social unrest, the pressure of life, and the competition and intrigue are the inevitable products of the private ownership society symbolized by money. It is very valuable that Dickens can open the gorgeous curtain of the so-called "Victorian Prosperity" and point out its scars from his humanitarian thoughts.

As a bourgeois humanist writer, Dickens saw the inhumanity of society. He was indignant and condemned, but he couldn't understand it in essence, let alone find a correct solution. Instead, he pinned his hope of transforming reality on the role of morality, on kind people and their unremitting pursuit of happiness. With this ideal, he created the hero david copperfield.

In the image of Copperfield, Dickens' own flesh and blood is mixed. If Dickens had never brushed bottles in a black shoe polish company as a child, it would be impossible to write Copperfield's sufferings as a coolie in a wine wholesale store so vividly. It is Dickens' own experience that Copperfield worked as a newspaper reporter and even became a professional writer in the future. Dickens not only gave part of his life to Copperfield, but also conveyed his emotions, thoughts and expectations through him. Because of this, in the preface of the first edition of the work, Dickens said with deep affection: "I am a doting parent for every child born of my imagination. No one has ever loved them as deeply as I do. However, like many doting parents, I have a favorite child in the deepest part of my heart. His name is david copperfield."

under the caress of his mother and old nurse Peggotty, little Copperfield has delicate feelings and pure love for the world. Even though he was later destroyed by his stepfather and bad school, he still maintained his frank, sincere and noble character. The most valuable thing is that he has a positive spirit. He is tempered in adversity without depression, and he is not complacent in prosperity and indulges in happiness. He faces life squarely, makes a living with sincerity, determination and decisiveness. Copperfield was forced to leave home when he was a child, and he was able to work hard and earn his own living. In order to seek the future and hope, he walked for dozens of miles with indomitable perseverance to go to his aunt who he had never met. Copperfield had the opportunity to start his studies again in his youth. Although his studies had been deserted for a long time, he made unremitting efforts to catch up with and surpass his classmates. In his youth, Copperfield worked hard day and night outside the doctoral school to reduce the financial burden of his aunt after her bankruptcy. Copperfield became famous as an adult and remained conscientious. His motto is: "Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today. Procrastination is a thief who steals time." He said with pride, "I always do whatever I do in my life, I always give it completely, and I always take it seriously in big and small matters ... I will never give a hand to anything that can give my whole body, no matter what I do." That's it. Copperfield climbed up step by step and picked the fruit of happiness.

By comparing Copperfield's two marriages before and after, he also showed his positive attitude towards joining the WTO. Copperfield is infatuated with Dora, but Dora, who is ignorant of the world, is just a "delicate flower", a "delicate toy for people to enjoy" and a "child's wife" without any practical concept of life. The difference in spiritual temperament inevitably casts a shadow between the couple. It was only because of Dora's early death that she left a good memory for this short marriage. Copperfield, a practical scientist, hopes that his wife is "his adviser, with more courage, more support, improvement and the ability to fill the emptiness around him". Anis is such a wife. Anis is a figure that Dickens deliberately beautifies. She has both beauty and virtue, angelic purity and heroic courage. At the same time, she has always been a "little housekeeper". She quietly protects her old father who was bullied by Heep, and she wisely guides and bravely supports Copperfield who suffered setbacks and pains in life and spirit. "Consistency of thought and purpose" made Copperfield and Anis have perfect love and happiness.

Dickens gave his love to Copperfield, and with Copperfield's entrepreneurial spirit and noble sentiment, he denied the mercenary nature of the exploiters and the extortion of the robbers and swindlers. However, the Copperfield road they preached was only to build personal happiness in Xiaotian through self-struggle. Without lofty ideals, the characters lacked more ideological brilliance.

The life of the urban poor in his early years cultivated Dickens' class consciousness. Based on the radical democratic thought, he hated the upper rulers and sincerely sympathized with and praised the lower ruled. He always believed that the ordinary people under the oppression of capitalism far surpassed the aristocratic bourgeoisie in moral feelings, and they were the defenders of human values. This feeling and understanding are clearly reflected in the portrayal of two groups of characters centered on Peggotty and Steerforth.

Peggotty and his relatives and friends have neither family property nor education, but they all have hearts of gold. The old nanny Peggotty devoted her life to Copperfield consistently, comforting him in times of pain, helping him in times of difficulty and protecting him in times of disaster, all of which far exceeded the servant's responsibility to his master. Mr. Peggotty, an old boatman, is as broad-minded as the sea, containing kindness and concern for others. He took in Haimu and Emily, and raised these two orphans with infinite love. He took in his friend's widow, Mrs. Gumizhi, and gave her comfort and consideration with all his heart. From beginning to end, he "thought of everyone's rights and demands, except himself". In order to save Emily, he did not hesitate to travel all over the world with crutches in his hand until he brought her back to him. This touching move speaks volumes about him. Haimu, a sailor, has a simple trust in people, and his clumsiness and shyness is a manifestation of his loyalty and honesty. Emily violated him. He didn't say a word of reproach, but only blamed himself for losing the opportunity to save her, and deliberately concealed the pain of losing her from her to alleviate her pain. With a bleeding heart, he lived more generously for others until he gave his young life. Emily, a small sewing worker, held a lifelong regret because of her love slip. After coming back from the wrong road, she deeply hid her wounds and cared for her uncle with her gentleness, kindness and diligence, taking care of and helping all those who felt difficult. Even Mrs. Gumidge, who was sad all day after her husband's death and felt sorry for herself, forgot her own sufferings in the face of other people's worries and tried her best to comfort those who were more unfortunate than her. These are ordinary people who have suffered a lot. They are rough and even have such weaknesses, but they are full of sympathy and sacrifice. Their souls are beautiful.

Steerforth, who is rich and clever, wins people's favor with his wealth, elegance, diligence and talent, and then harms others to satisfy himself. What is hidden in his beautiful body is absolute selfishness. He casually played with the feelings of Miss Dattel, who had fallen in love with him. He publicly insulted Mr. Maier, who angered him at the moment. He regarded Copperfield, who worshipped him and loved him, as a soft dough in his hand and rubbed it at will. He sat by Mr. Peggotty's fire, smiling and looking at everyone in a friendly way, but he was thinking about how to take Emily away from them. He promised Emily to bring her back as a wife, and once upon a time, he abandoned her to his evil servant. According to the competition law of capitalism, he wants to "advance beyond all obstacles and win the competition". He wants to be the "strong man" in the "law of the jungle". His mother, the lady Steerforth, was equally ruthless. She loves her son, but once he defies her will and humiliates her family, she relentlessly declares that "he can never get close to me, dead or alive". For Mr. Peggotty's family who was hurt by Steerforth, instead of showing the slightest pity and guilt, she blamed Emily and made her mother and son fall out of harmony.

The contrast between Peggotty and Steerforth is strong. Dickens' tendency is also obvious. He stood firmly on Peggotty's side and pointed his criticism at Steerforth. However, we also feel that the writer's description of Steerforth is often "merciful". He exposes Steerforth's selfishness at the expense of others, but repeatedly exaggerates his grace and unique charm. In describing Steerforth's criminal activities, he shows his thoughts.