Grading standards for the unified examination of art majors
In daily study, everyone has memorized a lot of knowledge points, and they must be very familiar with them! In educational practice, knowledge point refers to a general term for a certain piece of knowledge. What are the knowledge points we really need? Below are the scoring standards for the unified examination of art majors that I have collected for everyone. They are for reference only. Let’s take a look.
Color subject test paper scoring reference
Category A paper (90~100 points):
1. Meet the regulations and requirements of the test questions;
2. Have a clear awareness of tones and a good sense of color, with appropriate color blocks and composition arrangements, clear color contrasts and harmonious relationships, and a sense of beauty;
3. Good combination of color and form, vivid expression , with in-depth physical description and good overall picture effect (papers that lack physical description but particularly outstanding overall color effects may be considered as Category A papers).
Category B paper (75-89 points):
1. Meet the test regulations and requirements;
2. Strong awareness of hue and good sense of color , the color blocks and composition arrangement of the picture are more appropriate, the color contrast and harmonious relationship are relatively clear, and there is a certain sense of beauty;
3. The combination of color and form is better, the performance is more vivid, there are some shortcomings, but the overall picture The effect is better.
Category C paper (60-74 points):
1. Basically meet the regulations and requirements of the test questions;
2. Have an average grasp of color contrast and harmonious relationships, The color changes are not vivid enough, and the picture is not beautiful enough;
3. The combination of color and form is not correct, the performance is not vivid enough, there are some shortcomings, and the overall effect of the picture is average.
Category D paper (less than 59 points):
1. Does not meet the regulations and requirements of the test questions;
2. Lack of the most basic understanding of the relationship between tone and picture color The understanding of the color relationship is disordered, the necessary color changes cannot be drawn, and the picture lacks beauty;
3. The overall effect of the picture is poor.
Scoring reference for sketch paper:
Category A paper (90-100 points):
1. Comply with the regulations and requirements of the test questions;
< p> 2. Correct proportions, distinctive dynamic characteristics, and the vividness of dynamic lines in sketching;3. Ability to dynamically express the characteristics and combination of prescribed actions by imagining propositions;
4. Key details are accurately represented.
Category B paper (75-89 points):
1. Comply with the regulations and requirements of the test questions;
2. The proportion is relatively accurate and the dynamic characteristics are relatively clear. The dynamic lines of sketching are more vivid;
3. Can better express the actions and combination abilities specified by propositional imagination.
Category C paper (60-74 points):
1. Basically meet the regulations and requirements of the examination questions;
2. The dynamics and proportions of different changing objects Can basically grasp, but the dynamics are not vivid enough, and the expressiveness of lines is average;
3. Can basically draw the dynamics and character combinations of proposition imagination, but the imagination is limited and the vividness is lacking.
Category D paper (less than 59 points):
1. Does not meet the test questions regulations and requirements;
2. Lack of accuracy and vividness in proportional dynamics Sexuality, sketching ability and imagination ability are relatively weak, and the line expression is poor;
3. Do not have the basic ability of sketching, and the picture effect is poor.
Scoring reference for drawing subject papers
Category A paper (90-100 points):
1. Meet the regulations and requirements of the test questions;
2. Accurate modeling, strong expression and shaping ability (including proportion, dynamics, structural perspective, characteristics, expression, spatial relationship, etc.);
3. Correct understanding of object structure and decent relationships, and Able to express completely;
4. The picture has clear tonal contrast, accurate sketch relationship, vivid expression, in-depth body description, and good overall effect of the picture.
Category B paper (75-89 points):
1. Comply with the regulations and requirements of the test questions;
2. The shape is relatively accurate (including proportion, dynamics, Structural perspective, characteristics, expression, spatial relationship, etc.);
3. Understand the object structure and physical relationship more correctly and be able to express it better;
4. The contrast of the picture tone It is relatively clear, the sketch relationship is relatively accurate, the performance is relatively vivid, and it has a certain ability to depict the body. It has some shortcomings, but the overall effect of the picture is better.
Category C paper (60-74 points):
1. Basically meet the regulations and requirements of the test questions;
2. Basically have the modeling ability (including proportion, dynamics, structural perspective, characteristics, demeanor, spatial relationships, etc.), but the grasp is not accurate;
3. Have a basic understanding of object structure and decent relationships, but there are deficiencies in understanding and expression;
4. The tonal contrast of the picture is not clear enough, the sketch relationship is basically accurate, the performance lacks vividness, the body depiction ability is not enough, there are some shortcomings, and the overall effect of the picture is average.
Category D paper (less than 59 points):
1. Does not meet the test regulations and requirements;
2. Does not have basic modeling abilities (including proportions) , dynamics, structural perspective, characteristics, expressions, spatial relationships, etc.);
3. Lack of basic understanding of object structure and decent relationships, and inadequate understanding and expression;
4. Picture The overall effect is poor.
Art professional knowledge
Basic art knowledge
1. The formal language of art works: points, lines, surfaces, volumes, colors, light and shade, etc.
2. The sketching process: general stage, in-depth stage, adjustment stage
3. The basic concepts of the art curriculum standards: enable students to form basic art literacy, stimulate students' interest in learning art, understand art in a wide range of cultural situations, cultivate innovative spirit and problem-solving abilities, and conduct evaluations to promote student development.
4． The new curriculum standards are divided into modeling, expression, design, application, appreciation, review, and comprehensive exploration
5. Three elements of color: hue, brightness, and purity
6. Composition:
1. Determination of the position of the artistic image in space.
2. Determination of space size.
3. The combination relationship and separation form between the various parts of the self, and between the main image and the companion image.
4. The combination relationship with space and the form of separation.
5. The visual impact and sense of force produced.
6. The formal beauty rules used and the aesthetic feeling produced
7. Main types of art: painting, sculpture, architecture, arts and crafts, design, calligraphy, etc.
8. Painting is a basic type of plastic arts. It uses tools and materials such as pens, inks, inkstones, paints, drawing knives, and palettes, as well as basic means such as shape, light and shade, color, and composition to create paintings on planes such as paper, textiles, boards, and walls. It expresses the shape, volume, texture, volume and space of objects, so that people can visually feel the artistic image. It is not only a reflection of life, but also the author's feelings about real life. It also reflects the author's thoughts, emotions and values.
9. Chinese painting, abbreviated as Chinese painting, generally refers to ink paintings, light color paintings, heavy color paintings, etc. that are painted with Chinese painting pigments on rice paper or silk or silk with a brush. The technique mainly uses lines and ink colors to create. In terms of expression form, it can be divided into freehand painting and meticulous painting, and in terms of subject matter, it can be divided into flower and bird painting, landscape painting, and figure painting. The methods of using ink can generally be divided into splash ink method, broken ink method, accumulated ink method, burnt ink method and banana ink method. Brushwork: hook, chaff, dot, dye. Features:
1. Use lines as the main means of modeling to achieve the mutual complementation of lines and ink colors;
2. Use paintings to develop the artistic conception of poetry, and there are poems in the paintings to support the objects and emotions;
3. Integrate calligraphy, painting, and printing into one, creating an artistic effect in which form and meaning complement each other and form and color complement each other.
4. Scattered perspective.
10. Ink is divided into five colors: burnt, thick, heavy, light, and clear, and six colors: black, white, thick, light, dry, and wet
11. Ink painting: use the pen to pay attention to the changes of lightness, weight, slowness and urgency. Light ink dots and thick ink dots are used interchangeably to make the ink "alive".
12. The broken ink method: refers to painting one ink color first, and then covering and bleeding it with another different ink color.
13. How to draw bamboo: first draw the bamboo trunk and bamboo joints, then draw the bamboo branches and leaves. How to draw bamboo leaves: use the center as the main point, steady strokes and quick strokes.
14. Printmaking: A painting form that uses "plate" material as the medium and plate making and printing as the means of expression to copy the original work. Types of printmaking: relief printing, intaglio printing, lithography, perforated printing, single-frame printing, glass printing, and rubbings. Printmaking terms: knife flavor, wood flavor, knife technique, positive engraving, negative engraving, master plate, rubbing. Understanding of traditional Chinese printmaking: Traditional printmaking has a long history in China; according to historical data, ancient printmaking can be traced back to the Western Han Dynasty. By the mid-Ming Dynasty, folk woodblock prints had experienced unprecedented development. In the early 1930s, new printmaking emerged in China. After more than half a century of development, a number of outstanding printmakers emerged. After 1949, emerging printmaking developed rapidly, with both professional and amateur printmakers from all walks of life across the country. In addition to woodcuts, the prints created during this period also achieved new developments in copper engravings, lithographs, and silk screen prints. In recent years, children's prints, peasant prints, and print bookplates have also been developed, which have received praise from all walks of life. Briefly describe the basic steps of woodcutting? 1. Draw a sketch 2. Carve out the main shape 3. Carve out the background 4. Carve out the details.
Briefly describe the steps of making multi-color prints: 1. Draw the color draft 2. Carve the black version 3. Print the black version 4. Carve each color version 5. Print the color version separately 6. Complete the draft.
15. Watercolor: A painting done using water as a medium to mix pigments. Two basic characteristics:
1. Most pictures have a transparent visual sense;
2. The fluidity of water during the painting process.
Basic techniques:
1. Dry painting and wet painting;
2. Control of moisture;
3. " Leave it blank" method. The specific dry painting methods include layer coating, color covering, color joining, dry brush and other methods. The wet painting method is divided into wet overlapping and color joining.
16. Sculpture: A work of art with a three-dimensional volume effect made using certain materials through carving and shaping. Divided into round sculpture and relief.
17． Art design is a new art field developed in the 20th century. It refers to the process of conveying certain plans, assumptions and problem-solving methods through the visual language of art. According to the spatial state occupied by the design, it can be divided into: plane Design, three-dimensional design and space design can be divided into visual communication design, industrial design and environmental design according to the purpose of design.
18． Freehand drawing: It is a form of painting that uses simple tools and concise lines. Mainly used for product packaging design manuscripts, travel notes, etc., the main forms are: line, shape, space
19. Beautiful blackboard newspapers: design and arrange text, graphics and other elements. Font design: Commonly used Chinese fonts mainly include: Song font, Kai font, Hei font, and regular script. The masthead and title play an important role in the design of the blackboard newspaper.
20． Greeting cards: They are a kind of token used by relatives and friends to convey information, connect feelings, and express congratulations during festive festivals. Composition: graphics, greetings. Categories: holiday cards, birthday cards, thank you cards, friendship cards, public relations cards, special cards. Notes on layout: 1. The theme is prominent and the content is clear and clear; 2. It is interesting and reflects a certain style; 3. Pictures and texts complement each other; 4. Reasonable, novel and creative. What are the procedures and techniques for making greeting cards? Production process: First, draft the draft and determine the theme; second, imagine the effect; third, design the form and arrange the graphic files; fourth, start the production by selecting materials, drawing, color matching, and production. Commonly used techniques: painting, photography, cut-and-paste, and engraving.
21． Clothing: Display clothing refers to clothing designed by a costume designer to represent the latest concepts and trends, and is displayed using music, lights, and models' performances on the stage. Ready-to-wear clothing refers to clothing that is closely related to our lives and widely used in people's daily lives, such as work clothes, sportswear, casual wear and evening wear, etc. In terms of shape, it is divided into H shape, A shape, V shape and X shape. People with thinner bodies can consider using loose clothing styles, that is, H-shaped styles. People who are fatter can consider wearing a longer top with a more fitted bottom, that is, a V-shape. People with a well-proportioned figure can use a fitted A-shape or X-shape to show off their waist.
22． Posters are usually divided into social publicity posters, commercial posters and art posters, which mainly convey theme ideas through creative techniques such as association, personification, and exaggeration.
23． Common forms of paper-cutting: Yin-cutting: cutting off the outline, or cutting off the paper within the image. Yang cut: cut off the paper inside and outside the outline of the image, leaving only the line of the shape. Comprehensive method: that is, the combination of yin and yang scissors.
24． The expression forms of seal cutting are divided into (yin carving) and (yang carving). The general steps for seal engraving are as follows: first, polish the sealing surface with water sandpaper, secondly, write the draft of the seal on the stone surface in reverse, thirdly, use a carving knife, fourthly, use your fingers to wipe off the powder and carve, fifthly, use the blade or back of the knife to process the edge, and sixthly, carve. After that, the seal is completed.
25. Logos are widely used visual symbols with symbolic meaning in modern social life. They are intuitive and vivid, easy to recognize and remember. Logos can be divided into two categories: commercial signs and non-commercial signs. Its expression generally takes the form of graphics, numbers, text or a combination of the three, and the design requires simplicity and clarity.
Easy to understand. There are two standard drawing methods for logo design: first, proportional marking method, and second, grid marking.
26. Environmental signs are designed to make people's activities more convenient and safer. A series of environmental signs are designed for instructions and guidance. Mainly include: guidance signs (such as road signs), identification signs (such as showing different activity venues), warning rule signs (such as no smoking) and decorative signs (beautifying the environment), etc.
27． There are several contrast techniques commonly used in icon design: length contrast, density contrast, dynamic and still contrast, high and low contrast.
28. Cartoon: It is a form of painting that is ironic, playful and humorous.
29. Strange visual graphics include positive and negative shapes, association of shadows, isomorphic graphics, element substitution and illusion and other creative means
30. Industrial design: It is the artistic design of industrial products in terms of their use functions, external form, human-machine relationship, material technology, etc.
31． Ceramics: Pottery: Generally made of clay, 1000 degrees, unglazed or low temperature glaze. Porcelain: It must be a high-temperature glaze with a porcelain clay temperature above 1200 degrees.
The development process from pottery to porcelain - Summer Solstice and Warring States Period. The maturity of primitive porcelain celadon—Han Dynasty celadon. Five famous porcelains: Ru kiln, Guan kiln, Jun kiln, Ge kiln and Ding kiln. Black pottery is represented by (Longshan Culture). Tang Sancai is a kind of pottery popular in the Tang Dynasty, with yellow, brown and green as the basic glaze colors. Later, people used to call this type of pottery "Tang Sancai". Tang Sancai also includes single color and two colors.
32． The four major grottoes are Maijishan Grottoes (Gansu), Yungang Grottoes (Shanxi), Longmen Grottoes (Henan), and Dunhuang Grottoes (Gansu). During the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Kizil Grottoes were excavated in Baicheng, Xinjiang; the Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes were excavated in Dunhuang, Gansu; the Maijishan Grottoes were excavated in Tianshui; the Yungang Grottoes were excavated in Datong, Shanxi; and the Longmen Grottoes were excavated in Luoyang, Henan. Among the Longmen Grottoes, the one with the largest scale, the most rigorous overall design, and the highest artistic level is the (Lushena Buddha). The Feitian mural is the symbol of Mogao Grottoes. There are 492 caves in Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes. Although the hometown of Feitian is in India, Dunhuang Feitian is the culmination of Indian culture, Western Region culture, and Central Plains culture. It is the result of long-term exchanges and integration between Indian Buddhism and Chinese Taoism. Feitian, also known as Xiangyin God.
33． Calligraphy: Calligraphy is an ancient art. It is an art that relies on lines and body structure to express a certain temperament, character, and sentiment of a person. The evolution of Chinese characters in Chinese calligraphy: oracle bone inscriptions, bronze inscriptions, Xiaozhuan of the Qin Dynasty, official script of the Han Dynasty, cursive script of the Tang Dynasty, and regular script of Yan Zhenqing. "The three major running scripts in the world": Wang Xizhi's "Lanting Preface", Yan Zhenqing's "Sacrifice" "My Nephew's Manuscript" and Su Shi's "Huangshan Cold Food Post" commonly used formats: banner, nave, fan, square, hand scroll.
34． Posters: It is a practical style for reporting or introducing news about dramas, movies, sports competitions, theatrical performances, lectures, etc. to the general public. Basic structure: Posters are composed of patterns, text, colors, composition, creativity and other parts.
35. Oil pastel is a kind of solid painting pigment. It is made by adding a certain proportion of oil and soft wax on the basis of pastel painting, and then heating, pressurizing, cooling and shaping it.
36. Continuous patterns are formed by using a single pattern, which is continuous or repeated up and down or left and right according to certain rules of form. It has the characteristics of continuity. There are many ways to connect many single shapes of the same size and shape, which can generally be divided into flat joints and flat joints. Bonding, vertical plug-in connection, belt-type plug-in connection, rotational connection, and press-fit connection. Bilateral continuous pattern: One or several unit patterns are regularly arranged on a strip-shaped plane between two parallel lines, and the strip-shaped pattern is formed by infinite continuous circulation in the up and down or left and right directions. , called a two-sided continuous pattern.
37. Rubbing is also called stone rubbing. A piece of tough tissue paper is soaked in advance, and then applied to the stone tablet. Use a brush to gently tap the paper into the writing opening. After the paper is dry, use a brush to dip in ink and gently, Pat the brush evenly to make the ink even.
Apply it on the paper, then lift the paper off, and a rubbing with white characters on a black background is copied. This method of copying text is called "rubbing". It is a craft method that uses paper and ink to print stone or wood carvings for preservation and dissemination.
38. Tie-dye: The conditions for the formation of Chinese dyeing art were already in place before the Zhou Dynasty. According to the book "Broken Gold" of the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the nine types of dyed valerian at that time included Tan Valer, Shu Valer, Cuo Valer, Jin Valer, Cocoon Valere, Jingshui Valerian, Santao Valerian, Zhe Valerian, and Deer Fetal Spot.
39. Literati painting: Since the Northern Song Dynasty, it has been mainstreamed in the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, emphasizing the combination of poetry, calligraphy, painting, printing and other arts
40. Origin of woodblock New Year pictures: Tianjin (Yangliuqing) and Suzhou’s Taohuawu
41. The current president of the Central Academy of Fine Arts (Xu Bing)
42. The Simuwu Square Ding marks the highest level of bronze casting in my country around the 14th century BC
43. Basic methods of appreciating art works: from the perspective of subject matter, art perspective, art history and character creation perspective, art history and cultural perspective
44. The palace examination is in Baohe Hall
45. Depicting noble women: Zhang Xuan, Zhou Fang
46. French painter Cézanne, the father of modern painting.
47． Yangshao culture types include Majiayao, Banpo and Miaodigou.
48. The earliest open shoulder arch bridge is Anji Bridge (Zhaozhou Bridge) in Sui Dynasty.
49． "Han stone carvings are profound and majestic" The main body of "Stone Carvings in Front of Huo Qubing's Tomb" is "Horse Trampling the Huns".
50. Painting method of ink bone and color application, late Ming Dynasty, Zeng Jing.
51. Four famous embroideries: Su embroidery, Cantonese embroidery, Shu embroidery and Hunan embroidery.
52. Clay figurine Zhang: Zhang Changlin.
53. Scattered point perspective in Chinese painting: high distance, flat distance, far-reaching
54. Purity refers to the color (freshness, turbidity)
55. In the color wheel, 150°-180° is a strong contrast. Within 60°, it is soft contrast.
56. The six methods of Sheikh of the Southern Dynasties: 1. Vivid charm, 2. Bone method and brush use, 3. Responding to the pictograms of objects, 4. Applying color according to the category, 5. Management position, 6. Transferring and imitating.
57. Schools of Western artists: Delacroix is ??a romantic painter, Repin is a realist painter, Poussin is a neoclassical painter, Picasso is a cubist painter, and Chagall is a realist painter. Matisse is a representative painter of Fauvism.
58. Gardens are divided into royal gardens and private gardens.
59. Commonly used art fonts include Xingkai, official script, Wei stele and Yao style.
60. Five calligraphy styles: seal script, official script, running script, regular script and cursive script.
61. There are three stages of aesthetic effect: singing, purification and comprehension.
62． The golden section is also called the golden rule and the golden ratio. On a line segment, divide the line segment into a long segment and a short segment according to the best length to short ratio, or form the best long side to short side ratio of a rectangle according to the best length to short line segment ratio, which constitutes the golden section. .
63． The main standards for art classroom teaching design include diverse teaching objectives, rich teaching content, optimization of teaching problems, effective teaching activities, equal teaching attitude, variations in teaching material processing, clear teaching procedures, appropriate teaching evaluation, diverse teaching methods, and appropriate use of media.
64. Face shape: Guo, Jia, You, Tian, ??Shen, Feng, Yong, Eye.
65. Baroque art: originated in Italy at the end of the 16th century, and contains grotesque and artificial meanings. Architecture, sculpture, and painting all emphasize a sense of movement, space, luxury, passion, and sometimes a sense of mystery. Sculptures and paintings mostly express religious themes.
66. Barbarian art: refers to the art of Western Europe during the period after the demise of the Western Roman Empire, the invasion of northern barbarians, and after centuries of turmoil before the feudal system was finally established.
67． The Six Horses of Zhaoling: It is a relief sculpture in front of the tomb of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty. It depicts the six horses that Li Shimin rode during his battles, namely: Saluzi, Quanmaoju, Baitiwu, Tellerqiao, Qingzhui and Shifachi. , respectively selecting the movements such as standing, Xu Xing, and Mercedes-Benz, which are heroic and graceful, and the work has a strong sense of volume.
68. Representational art: refers to art in which artistic images are basically similar or very similar to natural objects. The artistic images in figurative art works are all identifiable
69. Gu Kaizhi’s painting status: 1. Overcame the shortcomings of previous generations that were limited to didactic content, and widely used a variety of themes 2. Clearly put forward the importance of "expressiveness" 3. Strengthen the changes in parallel composition, rely on the ingenious handling of the relationship between the characters in the picture to show the characters' emotions 4. Combine Han paintings and lines from the Western Regions to create a line drawing style like "spring silkworms spinning silk" 5. In various aspects of painting techniques and painting theories , embodying the simple realist aesthetic thought.
70. The aesthetic characteristics of Romanticism: the expression of objective objects turns to the expression of human subjective world, and it strives to reveal the human soul and unique self. No longer regard nature as the prototype, but
use it as a "false support" to express personal emotions through natural images. Art has become a creation based on personal feelings. This emphasis on subjective feelings and striving to express people's inner world is the first characteristic of Romanticism. Everything that can stimulate the enthusiasm and imagination of artists becomes the object of their creation. This ideological attitude of pursuing novelty is the second characteristic of Romanticism. .
71. Angular perspective is a perspective in which the depth of the scene is at a certain angle with the center line of sight. All horizontal straight lines that are neither parallel nor perpendicular to the picture disappear at a point on the horizon.
72. Dynamic lines are trend auxiliary lines that express the dynamic trend of the human body (or animal) in action. Generally, dynamic lines are few and concise, and are highly generalizable.
73. Primary color: refers to the "basic color" that cannot be obtained by mixing other colors. Mixing primary colors in different proportions can produce other new colors.
74. Landscape painting: a type of Chinese painting. Paintings that mainly depict the natural scenery of mountains and rivers.
75. Kandinsky’s theory of abstract art: 1. Art is similar to nature, science, and political forms. It is a field for itself, ruled only by its own laws and only for itself. 2Abstract painting is experienced through the mind.
76. From the 17th to the 19th century, the development of French classical painting experienced three different artistic tendencies: 1. Classicism, represented by Poussin, which advocated eternity and natural rationality; 2. The neoclassicism represented by Werther promoted the spirit of revolutionary struggle; the academic classicism represented by Ingres pursued perfect form and exemplary style.
77. Bauhaus architectural thought 1. Prominent functional factors 2. Rich pattern changes 3. Obvious material contrast.
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