1. General situation of geography, population and climate

Macau is located on the southeast coast of Chinese mainland, on the west bank of the Pearl River Delta, adjacent to Guangdong Province, 6 kilometers away from the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and 145 kilometers away from Guangzhou. Macao consists of Macao Peninsula, Taipa and Coloane Island. After long-term continuous reclamation, the total area of Macao reaches 32.9 square kilometers, including 9.3 square kilometers of Macao Peninsula, 7.9 square kilometers of Taipa, 7.6 square kilometers of Coloane, 6 square kilometers of Coloane Reclamation Area, 2.1 square kilometers of New Town Area A and Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge Area.

Macao has a subtropical monsoon climate, with hot, rainy and humid summer, clear and refreshing autumn and little rain in winter, with a large temperature difference throughout the year. The temperature can be as high as 3℃ from May to October and as low as 1℃ from December to February.

By the end of 219, the total population of Macao was 679,6, including 483,1 permanent residents and 196,5 foreign employees, with a population density of 2,7 people per square kilometer.

II. Political System and Legal System

Macao is a special administrative region directly under the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China. The basic principles of the relationship between the central authorities and the Macao SAR are "one country, two systems", "Macao people ruling Macao" and a high degree of autonomy. The Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region (hereinafter referred to as the Basic Law) is the basic law enacted by the National People's Congress of China and the constitutional law of the Macao Special Administrative Region. The validity of the Basic Law comes from the Constitution, and the contents of the Constitution are implemented in the Macao SAR through the Basic Law.

according to the provisions of the constitution of China and the basic law of Macao, the constitutional powers exercised by the central government over the Macao special administrative region include: the right to create the special administrative region, the right to formulate and amend the basic law, the right to interpret the basic law, the right to supervise the legislation of the special administrative region, the right to declare a state of emergency, the right to defense, the right to diplomacy and the right to administrative management. The powers enjoyed by the SAR government include: administrative power, legislative power, judicial power and final adjudication power, and the power to handle external affairs on its own and participate in the management of state affairs as authorized by the Basic Law.

Macao implements an executive-led political system, which is different from the western "separation of powers" system. The Chief Executive is in the core and leading position in the political structure of the SAR. The term of office of the Chief Executive of the Macao SAR is five years, and he can be re-elected once. The current Chief Executive is Ho Iat Seng, who took office on December 2, 219. The Chief Executive has under his jurisdiction the Secretary for Administration and Justice, the Secretary for Economic and Financial Affairs, the Secretary for Security, the Secretary for Social Culture and the Secretary for Transport and Works. Five departments and their relevant subordinate departments are responsible for implementing laws and policies and providing direct services to the public.

III. History of Macau

Macau has always been the territory of China. The collision of eastern and western cultures for hundreds of years has made Macau a unique city, leaving a lot of historical and cultural relics. In 1535, the Portuguese obtained the right to dock ships and trade at the Macau pier; In 1553, the Portuguese landed and settled in Macao since 1557; After the Opium War, Portugal occupied Taipa Island and Coloane Island in 1851 and 1864.

In p>1887, Portugal forced the Qing government to sign the Draft Convention of the Sino-Portuguese Conference and the Beijing Treaty, and stuffed it with the clause of "permanent administration of Macao". After the founding of the People's Republic of China, our government has repeatedly declared that Macao is the territory of China, and advocated that this historical issue should be resolved through negotiations when conditions are ripe. On December 2th, 1999, the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China resumed the exercise of sovereignty over Macao. On July 15th, 25, the historic district of Macau officially became a United Nations World Cultural Heritage.

iv. administrative divisions

the Macao special administrative region takes "parish" as the administrative division unit, and Macao has seven parish and one parish. However, the "parish" is not a formal administrative organization and has no legal status. The government of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China is located in Fengshuntang District of the Macao Peninsula.

V. Geological structure

There are pre-Devonian and Devonian strata in Macao. The sedimentary rocks seen in the field are exposed in a narrow strip shape on the Mid-levels Highway south of Shipai Bay in the roundabout, and clayey sandstone or argillaceous sandstone is exposed in the north of Taizi. The Quaternary in Macao includes alluvium, marine sediments, eluvial deposits, colluvium and artificial deposits, which are mostly located on the surface and cover most of the bedrock in this area.