during the ancient cold food festivals in various places, the main foods are: pushing the so-called pushing, that is, jujube cakes or jujube cakes. It is said that this is an important holiday food of the Cold Food Festival. In those days, people used this kind of food to offer sacrifices to Jietui. Just like Zongzi on the Dragon Boat Festival, it originated from the sacrifice to Qu Yuan. People also put this "push" on willow branches and insert it on the lintel as an ornament at the door during the Cold Food Festival. Song Mengyuan called it "pushing the swallow" in Volume 7 of Tokyo Dream of China. "Push" is also called "Yan", or it is related to the arrival of Chun Yan in season and climate. Wickers wear jujube cakes and cakes, like swallows flying among green willows. It is common in the Song Dynasty that this kind of "push", after air drying, will have the effect of curing aphtha next year. In Lin 'an, Zhejiang Province, when every household was in Tomb-Sweeping Day, they picked tender lotus seeds mixed with glutinous rice flour to make "Qingming dogs". Some people made a few, hung them up until long summer, and then burned them in rice, so everyone ate one. It is said that "eating Qingming dog will make you healthy in one year." From this point of view, the push swallow and the Qingming dog are both things that drive away diseases and are also a nutritional supplement. The method of making glutinous rice balls is roughly the same as that of contemporary glutinous rice balls, but it is steamed in a steamer instead of boiling in water. When entering the cage, put a piece of mugwort under each glutinous rice ball. Steamed glutinous rice balls will have a special fragrance. Steamed cakes Steamed cakes are made from fermented grains and flour. After steaming, the skin will crack. It's actually steamed bread. Peel the steamed cakes and hang them in a cool and dry place to dry. When it is used in the future, it can be given to patients with indigestion by soaking in water, crushing and filtering. It is said that it has the function of harmonizing the spleen and stomach. If the patient just takes the medicine before taking it, it can help the spleen and stomach digest and absorb the medicine taken by the patient. According to the old custom in Shanghai, the steamed cakes used for sacrifice are penetrated with wicker, dried and stored. When they arrive in long summer, they will be fried and given to children. It is said that they will not get sick in summer after eating them. In Luochuan and other places in northern Shaanxi, there is still such a custom during the Republic of China: on Qingming Day, no fireworks are moved, and every family eats cold food such as buckwheat jelly. And pre-steamed buns, commonly known as "cans." Around the bun, it is shaped like a bird and a snake. According to the folklore, when Jie Zhitui was burned to death in Mianshan, birds and snakes went to protect him, so they made bird and snake shapes on the buns as a souvenir. On the top of the bun, make a big plate. There are several kinds of shapes in the market, which are particular. This kind of steamed buns, one for everyone in the whole family, plus a number of sacrificial steamed buns, are used as sacrifices. The steamed buns for men, which are served on the top plate, are made of stationery, farm implements and other utensils used by men. This means that men can greatly improve their skills by using these utensils to start a business and eat: after eating stationery, they can make great progress in writing and be smart in reading; Eating farm tools can be a good way to do farm work. For women's steamed buns, the top plate of steamed buns is made of scissors and the like. Scissors are tools for making needlework, which means to wish women ingenuity in making needlework. The dish on the top of the sacrificial bun is shaped like wheat and beans, which means praying for a bumper harvest of wheat and beans. Obviously, the custom of forbidding fire and eating this kind of steamed buns on Qingming Day comes from the Cold Food Festival. Nowadays, when people in southern Shanxi celebrate the Qingming Festival, they are still used to steaming large steamed buns with white flour, with walnuts, dates and beans in the middle, coiled into a dragon shape outside, and an egg tied in the middle of the dragon's body, named "Zifu". It is necessary to steam a great total "blessing" to symbolize family reunion and happiness. When going to the grave, the general "Zifu" is dedicated to the ancestors, and the whole family will share it after the grave sweeping. The custom of cold food in ancient North China is to pick velvet mother grass and add flour or rice flour to make cakes and other foods. There is a poem in Song Huizong: "Mother Rong recognizes smoking ban at birth." In the food store opened by Zhang Shoumei, a famous chef in Luoyang in the Tang Dynasty, winter ling porridge was sold before and after cold food. Its system is not detailed. Peach Blossom Porridge is a custom in Luoyang in ancient times. Whenever there is cold food, there is a custom of eating peach blossom porridge. Peach blossom porridge, the preparation of which is not detailed, is generally cooked with peach blossom and rice like some ethnic minorities in the south. Peach blossom porridge or "winter ling porridge". Peach blossoms have medicinal effects. Eating porridge cooked with peach blossoms is good for your health. Ginger cooked the pork badly, put it in the open air at night and let it freeze. When eating, you can either gouge it out with a spoon or cut it with a knife. Ginger is used as seasoning, so it is named ginger. Due to the combination of Cold Food Festival and Tomb-Sweeping Day, some places still keep the habit of eating cold food after visiting Tomb-Sweeping Day. In Shandong, Tomb-Sweeping Day eats cold cakes and Laiyang, Zhaoyuan and Long Island eat cold sorghum rice. It is said that if not, it will be hail. Taian eats cold pancakes and rolls raw bitter vegetables. It is said that his eyes are bright. Spring cakes, also known as moist cakes and pancakes, are made of fine flour with thin and tough skins and rolled with ingredients. The key to pancakes is the ingredients. Ingredients, or stuffing, are usually made from dried tofu, pork, bean sprouts, bamboo shoots, carrots, white radishes, leeks, garlic white and so on. When eating, put the ingredients on the pancake skin, roll it into a bamboo tube shape, and coat it with some hot sauce, mustard, etc. Because all kinds of dishes are mixed together, it tastes delicious. This kind of food was originally used for ancestor worship, but later it became a holiday diet for the masses. In the Tang Dynasty, beginning of spring had the custom of eating spring cakes every day. Du Fu's poem said, "Fine lettuce is served in spring.". "Four Seasons Treasure Mirror" also mentioned: "beginning of spring Day, eating radish, spring cakes, lettuce, no. People in southern Fujian have this custom: every year on the third day of the third lunar month, people worship their ancestors with pancakes, and then the whole family eats pancakes around. It is impossible to find out when pancakes began. There are two legends among the people. First, in the Ming Dynasty, there was a scholar named Cai Fuyi, a native of Tongan, who was ugly, awkward, lame, but born smart and knowledgeable. He was a scholar at the age of 16 and a scholar at the age of 19, and his reputation spread all over the country. At that time, the emperor also loved his talents and made him a tour guide for seven provinces and thirteen provinces. With high official position, great power and great responsibility, he is as busy as a bee all day. Some people in the court supported him, some envied him, and some wanted to murder him. Someone deliberately kept him too busy to eat, trying to starve him to death. Cai Fuyi's wife is a smart and capable woman. She used her brain for her husband's health and finally came up with a wonderful method. During Cai Fuyi's military service in Yungui and Huguang, she hung her husband's twisted hand around her mouth with a rope and made pancakes for him three times a day. It really works. Cai Fuyi does not affect his health because of his busy work. People appreciate this way of eating, and some people imitate it, which has become a habit for a long time. On the other hand, after Zheng Chenggong * * *, he vigorously developed Taiwan Province, but soon died in Taiwan Province. His son Zheng Jing inherited his father's footsteps, continued to operate Taiwan Province, continued to fight against the Qing Dynasty, and sent troops to attack the southern Fujian area many times. Because of the stubborn resistance of the Qing army, the people suffered heavy casualties. Under Zheng Jun's counterattack, the Qing army surrendered, and Zheng Jun entered the city. While welcoming Zheng Jun, the people made pancakes to sacrifice the dead relatives and friends. Later, people used pancakes to worship their ancestors on the third day of the third lunar month. People in southern Fujian worship their ancestors with pancakes every year on the third day of March, which is commonly called "three-day festival" or "three-day festival" In addition, it is said that during the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the bandits made an insurrection and spread to the southern Fujian Springs and Zhangzhou. Because of the chaos at that time, there was no time to prepare sacrifices, so some people found a way to roll all the food into the dough as a sacrifice to the tomb. Therefore, spring rolls have also become the food of the Cold Food Festival.