Description of species: Bees are completely metamorphosed insects, and their individual development experiences eggs and larvae in their lifetime. Pupa and adult four stages. Bees are social insects. A normal bee colony consists of a queen bee, tens of thousands of worker bees and hundreds of drones cultivated during the breeding period. Live in the same nest. They have obvious differences in morphology, physiology and function, and have a strict and clear division of labor.
1, queen bee.
Queen bee, also known as queen bee, is large and well developed, and is good at breeding and spawning; The only function of drones is to mate with the queen bee, reproduce and die after mating.
2. worker bees.
In the bee colony, the number accounts for the vast majority of the bee colony. Worker bees are female bees with incomplete reproductive organs and have no reproductive ability. Small individuals, their function is to collect pollen, nectar, make honey, feed larvae and queen bees, and undertake the work of nesting, cleaning the hive, adjusting the temperature and humidity in the nest and resisting the enemy.
The head of the worker bee is triangular, with 1 pair of developed compound eyes and three single eyes. It can detect the honey source, identify the nest and find the way, fly far when going out to collect honey, and return to the nest accurately. Worker bees have a keen sense of smell, can detect distant flowers, find honey sources and distinguish smells, and have developed mouthparts, which are suitable for chewing and sucking nectar. A kind of bee milk secreted by the pharyngeal gland is used to feed the queen bee. There are wax glands in the abdomen, which can secrete flowers and provide nesting. There are poisonous glands and stingers at the end of the abdomen, which will release bee venom when stinging; There are three pairs of feet, and there are special structures in femoral joint, tibial joint and tarsal joint, which are used to collect pollen.
When the queen bee is sexually mature, she usually flies out of the nest in clear and windless weather and mates with several drones while flying in the air. After that, they will never mate, and a large number of sperm have been stored in their fertilization sac, which can be used for laying eggs and fertilization for life. Spawning began in the nest room 2 ~ 3 days after mating. A high-yield queen bee can lay eggs in a short time 1500 ~ 2000. Eggs hatch into larvae after 3 ~ 4 days of embryo development, mature after a few days, and then emerge into adults after pre-pupation and pupation 1 1 ~ 12 days.
The eggs laid by the queen bee are divided into unfertilized eggs and fertilized eggs, and the unfertilized eggs develop into drones; Fertilized eggs develop into worker bees; If the fertilized egg is placed in a wide conical base with its mouth facing down, if it is specially fed with nutritious bee milk, it will grow into a queen bee.
How many bees can be harvested for brewing 1 kg honey a day?
People often say "hardworking bees", which is no exaggeration. In sunny weather, bees are always busy in the wild. A bee needs to collect about 1000 flowers to bear fruit. When the crops are full, it will go home and empty the crops, and the bees will collect new pollen. In this way, it flies about 10 times a day. To brew 1 kg honey, it takes about 60,000 bees to collect it all day.
Bee stings can only be used once in a lifetime.
Bees use acupuncture to protect the interests of bees, but it will not bring any benefits to individual bees. After the sting, the stinger will remain in the victim's body. Due to the loss of the stinger, the bee has been seriously injured inside and will soon die. It can be said that bees sacrificed their lives for the collective. Of course, bees can't think, but when they are in danger, they instinctively tell them to use thorns. If bees are allowed to live in peace, there is no doubt that they are only willing to make honey rather than fight. For a single bee, being stung means the end of life, but for the whole bee colony, it has gained the greatest benefit: other animals realize that although honey is delicious, it is best to stay away from bees.
Can humans understand the language of bees?
Biologist Karl von Frisch studies the language of bees. He asked his assistant to put a plate of honey nearby, and he put it next to the beehive. Soon, a bee found the honey dish, flew back to the hive and began to describe her findings to her companions in its dance language. Scientists observed it carefully and made a lot of records. After repeated experiments, scientists finally understood the significance of various dance forms of bees and decoded the dance language of bees. Studies have proved that the description of food distance in bee dance language can even be accurate to the meter.
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How many kinds of bees are there? What kinds are there?
How big is the biggest one?
How big is the biggest beehive?
What is a wasp?
Taxonomically speaking, there is only one kind of bee, the scientific name is apis, and other bees are Lepidoptera, Vespa sinensis, Trichogramma and so on.
The largest bee is more than 2 cm, and the long-legged wasp, for example, has a body length of 18 ~ 23 mm, which is larger than the whole bee. Black-tailed wasp 25-33mm.
My impression is that the largest beehive is two meters high and one meter in diameter. But I'm not sure about it. And it doesn't seem to be a bee's nest
Bumblebee is the common name of wasp.
bee
Bees belong to Hymenoptera and Apiidae. Body length is 8-20 mm, tan or dark brown, with thick hair. The head is almost as wide as the chest. The antenna is knee-shaped, the compound eye is oval and hairy, the mouthparts are chewing and sucking, and the hind feet are powder-carrying feet. Two pairs of membranous wings; The front wing is big, the rear wing is small, and the front and rear wings are connected by wing hooks. The abdomen is nearly oval, with less body hair than the chest, and there are claws at the end of the abdomen. Bees are completely metamorphosed, and they must go through four stages: eggs, larvae, pupae and adults.
In the bee society, they still live a matriarchal clan life. Among the members of their big family, there is a queen bee, which is a female bee with reproductive ability, responsible for laying eggs and reproducing offspring, and at the same time "ruling" this big family. Although the queen bee has mated, her eggs are not all fertilized. It can give birth to fertilized eggs according to the needs of large families and develop into female bees (worker bees without reproductive ability); You can also give birth to fertilized eggs and develop into drones in the future. When the extended family members in this group multiply too much and cause crowding, they should be grouped. The process of grouping is as follows: worker bees make a special hive-Wangtai, where the queen bee gives birth to fertilized eggs; After the larvae hatch, worker bees will give them special treatment and feed them with highly nutritious royal jelly made in their bodies. When larvae develop into adults, they become a new queen bee with reproductive ability. The new queen bee leads some worker bees to fly to form a new bee colony. Oriental bee. Both China bees and Italian bees are beneficial insects that are widely raised. In the process of reproduction, the new queen bee will be artificially grouped after birth, otherwise a queen bee will lead a group of worker bees to leave the hive and fly away, thus losing the colony. Beekeepers artificially produce royal jelly. In fact, they artificially made some queen bee platforms and put them in beehives for the queen bee to lay eggs. When larvae hatch and worker bees feed them with royal jelly, beekeepers will take out royal jelly. In fact, beekeepers use deception, which shows that even smart bees are sometimes deceived.
There are many drones, and a group may be nearly a thousand. The only duty of a drone is to mate with the queen bee. When mating, the queen bee flies out of the nest, and the drones in the whole group chase after it. This is the so-called marriage escape. The queen bee's marriage and spouse selection are carried out through flight competitions, and only the winner can become a spouse. After mating, the genitals of the drone fall off in the genitals of the queen bee. At this time, the drone has completed its lifelong mission and died. When the drones that fail to mate with the queen bee return to their nests, they can only eat and drink, but they can't collect honey, and become redundant idlers in the bee colony. After a long time, Feng Gong will deport them. Beekeepers don't want to keep too many drones in the bee colony and consume honey, so they are artificially eliminated. From this perspective,
Worker bees are the largest in this group. The number of worker bees kept by beekeepers in a colony varies with seasons, generally 2 1 500 worker bees. Worker bees are the most industrious, and the song "Little bees are busy all day, picking flowers and making honey" only refers to what worker bees say. In addition to collecting powder and making honey, building nests, feeding larvae, cleaning the environment and defending against bees. This is also the task of worker bees. From spring to late autumn, bees are busy every day during the flowering season. Winter is the only short leisure time for bees. However, the cold weather and the low temperature in the hive are not good for bees, because bees are warm animals, and their body temperature will change with the temperature of the surrounding environment. The clever little bee came up with a special way to resist the cold. When the temperature in the hive is as low as 65438 03℃, they are close to each other in the hive, forming a spherical cluster. The lower the temperature, the denser the colony, so that the surface area of the colony decreases and the density increases to prevent excessive cooling. According to the measurement, in the coldest time, the temperature in the bee ball can still be kept at about 24℃. At the same time, they will use more honey and exercise to generate heat to raise the temperature in the nest. In cold weather, the surface temperature of the bee ball is lower than the center of the ball. At this time, the bees on the surface of the good ball drill into the center of the ball, while the bees in the center of the ball move outward. They take care of each other and exchange positions repeatedly to spend the cold winter. How do they eat honey stored in beehives during wintering and balling? Smart bees have their own tricks. They don't need to break the ball and climb out to eat separately, but pass it on to each other to get food. In this way, the temperature in the ball can be kept constant or changed little, which is conducive to safe wintering.
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Hymenoptera has obvious characteristics, including chewing mouthparts, and the connection between the front and rear wings is completed by wing hooks. This group is widely distributed, with more than 100000 known species, and it is estimated that there are at least 250000 species, including various ants and bees. According to whether the ventral floor contracts, it can be divided into broad-waist suborder and thin-waist suborder. Lepidoptera (Tenebrionidae) is a lower phytophagous group, including sawflies, tree bees, stem bees and so on. LEPIDOPTERA (Coneuropoda: Culicidae, Trichogrammatidae, Trichogrammatidae, Aphidae)
Pintail: Vespidae, Formicidae) includes most species of Hymenoptera, including ants, wasps and various parasitic bees.
Hymenoptera includes all kinds of bees and ants. Their common feature is that they have two pairs of membranous wings, and their mouthparts are chewing. The first abdominal segment of the abdomen merges into the posterior chest, which is called thoracoabdominal segment. The contraction of the second abdominal segment into "waist" is called abdominal stalk. Female insects have needle-like ovipositors, and some species have the ability to sting, which belongs to complete metamorphosis. Hymenoptera is divided into two suborders.
(1) The abdomen of a bee belonging to a synbiotic suborder will not shrink into the waist. The hind wing has three basal chambers, all of which are herbivorous species.
1, Tenebrionidae: Tenebrionidae is short and thick, with a deep concave front and rear edge. There is a thick-winged mole on the front wing, and the female insect has a saw-like ovipositor. Sawfly larvae are very similar to LEPIDOPTERA larvae, but they have no toe hooks on their ventral feet, such as wheat sawfly and rose sawfly.
(2) The abdomen and chest of the suborder Lepidoptera shrink into a waist shape. The hind wings have at most two basal chambers, most of which are parasitic species and many are social insects. This suborder is divided into two groups: needle tail and cone tail.
A, the bee (Terebrantia) at the tail of the cone, the web at the end of the abdomen is longitudinally split from the middle, and the ovipositor extends from the longitudinal split in front of the end of the abdomen, without stinging and stinging. Cone tail is mostly some kinds of parasites in the body, and the common ones are the following families.
2. Agonidae: Agonidae is a small to large bee with a slender body. Their antennae are filiform, the front wing has obvious wing nevus, and there is a transverse vein on the wing surface, which is called the second gyrus below the winglet. Larvae are parasitic bees of other insects.
3. Braconidae: The body of the undergraduate insect is small, which is very similar to that of the Braconidae, but there is no second vein in the front wing. Larvae are also parasitic bees of other insects, such as rice leaf roller, velvet cocoon bee and so on.
4. Burrillidae: Bees are small bees, usually black. The antenna is knee-shaped and divided into five parts: handle, rod, link, 7-node cable and extension rod. The pterygoid vein degenerates and the pterygoid nevus is very small. The hind leg joint is enlarged and the tibial joint is bent. Parasitic bees in the body, whose larvae are larvae or pupae of other insects.
5. Trichogrammatidae: The body of undergraduate insects is very small, less than 1 mm. Antennas are knee-shaped, compound eyes are mostly red, veins of two pairs of wings are degenerated, and there are rows of cilia on the wings, so Trichogrammatidae was once called Trichogrammatidae. Larvae, which lives in the eggs of other insects, is a kind of parasitic bee that can be artificially propagated in large quantities and is widely used to control many pests in agricultural and forestry production.
6. cynipidae: Gall bee is a small bee, black or dark brown, with filiform antennae, small head, simple front wing vein and wingless nevus. The abdomen is spherical, and the ovipositor protrudes from the middle of the abdomen. Larvae are mostly phytophagous and live in the leaves and stems of plants, forming galls. For example, the chestnut gall wasp.
B, the needle-tailed bee (Aculeata), the web at the end of the abdomen is not longitudinally cracked, and the ovipositor extends from the end. The ovipositor is specialized as a stinger, which usually shrinks in the body and does not fall off. This part is mostly predatory or ectoparasitic insects, and the common ones are the following families.
7. Vespidae: Undergraduate bees, usually called wasps or wasps, are medium to large bees with smooth body surface and colored spots. Taste is well developed. Wings are long and narrow, and they fold vertically when resting. The abdomen generally does not contract, showing a handle shape. Wasps have a simple social organization, including queen bees, drones and worker bees. It often builds a paper bell-shaped or layered honeycomb and lives collectively on it. Adult bees mainly prey on LEPIDOPTERA insects, so they are also important natural enemies.
8. Nymphalidae: Nymphalidae, also known as slender waist bee, is an important feature. Mud bees are slender, usually black with yellow, orange or red stripes. The feet are slender and the front feet are suitable for digging. Mud bees use mud to make a mud room in corners, eaves or on rocks and soil walls. Adults catch LEPIDOPTERA larvae or ORTHOPTERA insects, anesthetize them with thorns, and then seal them in a soil room for their offspring to eat instead. Therefore, they are also a natural enemy of insects.
9. Scolopendra: The bees of the undergraduate course are stout, covered with fine hairs, black with white, yellow and red stripes. The head is narrower than the chest, the antenna is short, the foot is short and thick, the wing veins can't reach the wing tip, and there are fine longitudinal wrinkles where there are no wing veins. Ground bees are the parasitic natural enemies of grubs, which are the larvae of scarabs. There are common black soil bees.
In addition to the families mentioned above, Hymenoptera often encounters various ants in Formicidae, bees in Apidae, bumblebees in Xiong Ke, etc. Some of these insects have long been used by human beings, such as bees, and some are gradually being recognized and benefited by human beings, for example, using ants to control forest pests.
Identification features:
Chewing mouthparts; Two pairs of membrane wings, extending backward, can be folded.
There are 80 families 1 12000 species in two suborders (broadwaist suborder and narrow waist suborder), and it is estimated that there are at least 250,000 species. Most of them are predatory or parasitic, and they are important heaven and earth and pollinators. Only a few of them are herbivores.
Economically, this order insect is one of the most beneficial insect groups seen by human beings at present.
Insects of this order show great diversity in habits, among which ants and bees occupy two seats in the three social insects. Among ants and bees, the complexity of their social behavior is shocking.