1. On the 11th day of the first month, Ding Chou was the first article in beginning of spring's Travels of Xu Xiake. The original text and translation are attached for your reference.

Original text: Ding Chou (AD 1637) was in beginning of spring on the 11th day of the first month, and it was very sunny. I was in urgent need of a meal, so I heard that Li accompanied me downstream from the boat to Hengzhou. On the 17th, I would meet under the Caoqiao Tower of Hengzhi, and ordered my servant to explore the mountains of Chaling and Youxian from the land with light clothes.

when going out, it's raining. Crossing the south cliff of the stream, heading west with the current.

The stream has been folded to the northwest, which is more than one hill and * * * three miles, and it meets the stream again, so it is Gaolong. So he still crossed the north of the stream, then crossed two hills, * * * five miles, and reached Panlong Temple.

There is a small stream coming from Longtou Mountain in the north and going west, which is Wujiang River and Chaling Avenue. Going south with the flow of the mountain is for Xiaojiangkou, which is a cloud mountain road. The second road is in front of Panlong Temple.

[Xiaojiangkou is the name of Panlong and Wujiang Erxi, which starts from Longtou in the north and flows into Huangwei Daxi in the south. The cloud-covered mountain is on the Shajiang River, 5 miles east of Chaling, and its mountain is deep and steep.

At the beginning of the temple, Master Gu Zhou cut a mountain to build a temple, and it became a jungle. Today, it's a lonely boat. Two years ago, the tiger grabbed a monk from the temple side, so the monks scattered, the tigers walked in the daytime, the mountains and fields were full of weeds, the Buddha was empty, and no one entered.

every time you ask for advice from others, you should avoid the "commandments". [and the rain and fog are heavy, so it is not for guidance.

the rest is not a hindrance. From Panlong Road, it runs along Xiaoxierli in the south and meets Daxi again. Crossing the stream to the south into the mountains, the rain is heavy and beneficial.

From the second mile southwest of Shanjia Alley, there is a big stream coming from the north, reaching down the mountain. [Panqu Gorge, with stone cliffs on both sides, is surrounded by water. Along the second mile, it is for Shajiang, that is, the place where Yunduanxi enters Daxi.

On the way, I met a man with an umbrella, and when I saw him, I asked him, "This road must be closed to many people, so I should go home to help you know everything about wine." I feel its meaning, because I go to my home.

He was looking for three people, each armed with a hairpin and a fire, and went into the mountain in the rain. At the beginning, I entered [one mile] with Xikou eastward, and looked at [one stream from] Xixia [through the gap], with a cliff layer and a beam like a door.

The guide said, "This tiger cave is a mountain. The husband who has never burned is afraid to enter. "

when the rain was getting stronger, I went back to the big stream and turned around for two miles. [The stone at the bottom of the stream is like a platform, and the water is cut in the middle. It is very beautiful. So I went up the mountain and turned to the mountain mouth, and I got a valley in Pingchou, called the Monk Garden.

[four-sided overlapping peaks. Ping domain,] about a mile, after more than a hill, along the front stream flowing into the gorge, and another mile and Yunqi Temple in what.

The mountains are dark and foggy, and there is no one. The golden fairy clouds in the temple are cold, and the Dan stove in the kitchen is empty. Wandering for a long time, the more the rain hurried, so I went out with the guide.

when leaving the stream mouth, the guide saw a boat, and he was eager to shout and attach himself. Paddling downstream, the boat is very ill and urgent.

My clothes and shoes are wet, and my muscles are cold, but I have too many clothes to bake, so I have no time to ask the cliff stones on both sides. In the afternoon, I boarded a boat, about forty miles away, and the boat people traveled thirty miles at night and moored at the Dongjiang River mouth.

On the 11th day of the first month of the year of Ding Chou, it was sunny in beginning of spring. I ate a meal quickly, entrusted Jingwen to go downstream to Hengzhou by boat with my luggage, and made an appointment to meet at the foot of Caoqiao Tower in Hengzhou on the 17th of this month, and asked Gu servant to follow me with a light package to explore the mountains in Chaling State and Meixian County by land.

when we walked out of the door, it was raining all over the sky. Cross the stream to the south bank and head west downstream.

Then the stream turned to the northwest. We crossed a hill, walked three miles, and met the stream again. This place is Gaolong. From Gaolong, I still crossed the stream to the north, then crossed two hills and walked five miles to Panlong Temple.

There is a stream flowing from Longtou Mountain in the north, crossing the stream to the west. This is Wujiang River, which is the main road to Chaling Prefecture. Going south along the mountain is Xiaojiangkou, which is the road to Yunjun Mountain. The two roads diverged in front of Panlong Temple.

xiaojiangkou is the place where two streams, Panlong and Wujiang, flow here from the faucet in the north, and then flow south into the big stream that originated from Hwang Jin Kin Xianmiao. Yunwei Mountain is on the top of Shajiang River, five miles east of Chaling Prefecture. It is deep and steep.

In the early years of Shenzong, Master Gu Zhou started a mountain to build a temple, so it became a place where monks gathered to study Buddhism and practice. Now the lonely boat has passed away. Two years ago, the tiger took a monk from the side of the temple, so all the monks ran around, and the wolves, tigers and leopards haunted during the day. All the fields in the mountains were deserted, and the Buddhist temple became empty, and no one went again.

Every time I get to the temple on earth, I am warned not to go. Moreover, the rain and fog are misty and dense, and no one is willing to give us a guide.

I was not hindered by all this. I walked south along the stream from the path of Panlong 'an, and two miles later, I met Daxi. Crossing the stream to the south into the mountains, it rained harder.

Walking two miles southwest from the path between two mountains, a big stream flows from the north to the foot of the mountain, meandering around the gorge, and the stone cliffs on both sides of the stream are eroded by the current to form a series of horizontally extending and obliquely protruding rocky rocks. Two miles along the stream is Shajiang River, which is where the stream from Yunjun Mountain flows into Daxi.

On the way, I met a man who was about to go out with an umbrella. When I saw our road, I said, "You can't go in this road unless several people are together. I should go home and guide you." I thanked him for his kindness, so I followed him to his home.

The man found three more people for me, each with some knives, sticks and torches, and went into the mountains in the rain. At first, I went in from Xikou to the east, walked for a mile, and saw a stream flowing out of the southwest gorge, with layers of stone cliffs crossing and facing each other like a door.

The guide said, "This place is a den of tigers, and people who burn charcoal and firewood are afraid to go in." At this time, the rain was getting heavier, so I went back to the big stream and walked two miles in a zigzag way. The stones at the bottom of the stream stood tall like a platform, and a passage broke in the middle of the stone platform, from which water flowed down. The scene was very beautiful.

climb the mountain from here, turn around the mountain mouth and walk down, and you will see a flat valley called Monk Garden. The valley is surrounded by many peaks.

Walk about one mile from the end of that flat field, then climb over a hill, meander along the stream along the front in the gorge, and walk another mile to Yunwei Temple. The mountains are deep and foggy, and there is no one in the temple. The Buddha's golden body in the Buddha's temple has been exposed to air conditioning for a long time without incense offerings, and the kitchen stove has long been extinguished.

After wandering for a long time, it rained harder, which seemed to urge us to go quickly, so the same guide left the temple. Walking out of the Xikou, the guide saw a boat, so he quickly stopped and boarded it.

The boat was flying downstream, and it sailed very fast. My clothes and shoes were all wet, and the water vapor was cold, so I didn't even have time to bake clothes, let alone ask about the cliffs on both sides of the stream. The mountain stream twists and turns, boarding in the afternoon, about 4 miles, it gets dark, and the boatman sails for 3 miles in the night and berths at Dongjiangkou. 2. When is the 11th day of the first lunar month? What are the customs?

The 11th day of the first lunar month is the "son-in-law's day", which is the day when the father-in-law fetes his son-in-law. There is a lot of food left over from the celebration of "God's Birthday" on the ninth day, except for eating one day on the tenth day, so the bride's family doesn't have to spend any more money, so she uses these leftover foods to entertain her son-in-law and daughter. The folk song is called "Please ask your son-in-law".

Hangcaiqiao has a strong local custom of "Hangtouqiao", which is an important folk custom in Chaoshan. The "Walking Color Bridge" that started on the evening of the 11th day of the first month is called "Walking Bridge Head". When night falls and the lights are on, people flock to the colorful bridge in groups of three and five, helping the old and bringing the young.

For those who can't pay New Year greetings to relatives, friends and old friends for various reasons around the New Year's Day, they should "pay their respects in their old age" without losing their courtesy. The diet custom of this day is to eat zygote, which is homophonic with "harmony". Eating zygote symbolizes a harmonious and beautiful life.