Macao has been the territory of China since the Qin Dynasty, and it was leased by the Portuguese since 1557 of the Ming Dynasty. It was not until 1887 that the Portuguese government and the Qing government signed the Treaty of Reconciliation and Trade between China and Portugal, which was valid for 4 years (expired in 1928), that Macao became a Portuguese colony and the first territory of European countries in East Asia. Macao, known as Haojing 'ao in ancient times, has a close historical relationship with Xiangshan County. As early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Xiangshan was already a land of over 1 Guangdong islands. About the 3rd century ago (that is, when Qin Shihuang unified China), Macau was formally incorporated into Chinese territory, belonging to Panyu County, Nanhai County. In 42 (the second year of Yuan Xi in Jin Dynasty), Macao belonged to Fengle County, Xinhui County. In 59 (the tenth year of the Emperor's reign in the Sui Dynasty), the abandoned Xinhui County was changed to Baoan County, and in 757 (the second year from the Tang Dynasty to Germany), Baoan County was abandoned and changed to Dongguan County. Since the Southern Song Dynasty, Macao belongs to Xiangshan County, Guangdong Province. According to historical records, Zhang Shijie, a famous soldier in the late Song Dynasty, and his army were stationed in this area. People who settled in Macao in the early days formed small villages here, relying on fishing and farming for a living. Since Macao, a sacred territory of China since ancient times, has been occupied by Portugal, the Portuguese have always had privileges or special status in Macao, which has made the general residents dissatisfied. From the beginning of Shen Zhiliang's assassination of Governor Amaliou on August 29th, 1849 to the December 3rd, 1966, the "December 3rd" incident triggered by the Cultural Revolution and the Taizi School incident showed that the people had been deeply dissatisfied with the Portuguese privileges in Macau. On April 25, 1974, the Portuguese revolution was successful, and the new government implemented the policy of decolonization, acknowledging that Macao was illegally invaded by Portugal, and it was a territory of China under the control of St. Paul's College painted by the 19th century painter Chanali before 1999, and Macao's sovereignty belonged to China. In 1986, the Chinese and Portuguese governments began four rounds of negotiations on the Macao issue. On April 13, 1987, the two prime ministers signed the Joint Statement on Macao and two annexes in Beijing. The joint statement said that Macao (including Macao Peninsula, Taipa and Luhuan) is the territory of China, and the People's Republic of China will resume the exercise of sovereignty over Macao on December 2, 1999. China promised to implement one country, two systems to Macao, and guaranteed that Macao people could enjoy the right of "a high degree of autonomy and Macao people ruling Macao". On March 31, 1993, the National People's Congress passed the Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region in Beijing. At : on December 2th, 1999, witnessed by the heads of state of China and Portugal, Wei Qili, the 127th Governor of Macao, and He Houhua, the first Chief Executive of the Macao Special Administrative Region, handed over the Macao regime at the venue of the handover ceremony of the new Macao port. On the morning of the next day (December 21st), the people of Macao welcomed the troops of the China People's Liberation Army stationed in Macao. At this point, the People's Republic of China officially resumed the exercise of sovereignty over Macao. The name of the city originated from Macao, which used to be a small fishing village. Its real name was Haojing or Haojing 'ao, and it was called "Macao" because it could be called "Macao" at that time. Macao and its vicinity are rich in oysters (that is, oysters), so later generations changed this name to a more elegant "Hao Jing". In the "A Brief Introduction to Macao" published during the reign of Qing Qianlong, it was said: "The name of Hao Jing is written in the History of Ming Dynasty. It's five or six miles east and west, half way north and south, and there are two bays north and south, where you can berth. Or the North and South Bay, which is as round as a mirror, is called a mirror. " From this name, a series of aliases of Macao, such as Haojiang, Haijing and Jinghai, have been derived. Macau's golden lotus symbol Macau's name comes from a China goddess that fishermen admire very much ── Tianhou, that is, Mazu, also known as Niang Ma. It is said that a fishing boat was sailing on a clear and calm day when it was caught in a storm and thunderstorm, and the fishermen were in danger. At the critical moment, a young girl stepped forward and ordered the storm to stop. The wind actually stopped, the sea was calm again, and the fishing boat arrived at Haijing Port safely. After disembarking, the girl walked towards Marge Mountain, and suddenly a halo shone, and the girl turned into a wisp of smoke. Later, people built a temple in the place where she landed, which was named Mazu Pavilion. In the thirty-sixth year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (1557), the Portuguese obtained the right of residence in Macau from the local government of Guangdong in the Ming Dynasty, and became the first Europeans to enter China. At that time, the Portuguese landed near Mazu Temple and asked the locals about the place name here. Because they were next to Mazu Temple, the locals answered Mazu, so Macao was named Macau (Portuguese transliteration of Mazu Temple), and the mainland was often spelled Macao. Ancestors' Footprints 5 years ago Painted pottery and jade unearthed from archaeological excavations in Macao in recent years, especially in the sand dunes with black sand around the roundabout in 1995, were proved to be precious ancient cultural relics 4, to 5, years ago, and the stone tools unearthed at the same time, such as stone axes, belonged to the same cultural system as similar cultural relics unearthed in Zhuhai, not far from Macao in recent years, indicating that the ancestors of the Chinese nation had been in Macao as early as the Neolithic Age. Macau, Luhuan, Heisha and other places have long been the footprints of the original residents of Chinese mainland. During the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, ancient residents lived in these areas. Therefore, among the cultural relics unearthed in Macao and Zhuhai, there are reeds and pots in the Spring and Autumn Period and pottery in the Warring States Period. In the last 1 years of the Southern Song Dynasty, although there were people in Macao, it was still only a place where boats and boats moored with the monsoon. It is speculated that a large number of Chinese settled in Macao Peninsula when the Southern Song Dynasty overthrew. When hundreds of thousands of soldiers and civilians in the Southern Song Dynasty retreated from Fujian and arrived in Macao by boat, some may set foot on this peninsula to draw fresh water and find food, and some may even turn this desolate place into a hiding place. Convening the Shalitou Land Temple named "Yongfu Ancient Society" on the Macao Peninsula was said to have been built in the late Southern Song Dynasty. From the end of the Southern Song Dynasty to the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, Wangxia, Haojing and other places on the Macao Peninsula were settled in the Venetian Macao Hotel. Since then, Macao has been a little populated, but it is not easy to reproduce based on life because of its small place, lack of cultivated land and few products. Until the mid-16th century, that is, during the Jiajing period of Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty, Macao was still desolate and sparsely populated, with only boats and boats berthing. The Portuguese originally limited themselves to living in the south of Macao. In 1623, the Portuguese government appointed Marcello as the first governor of Macao. Macao is famous for its cultural exchanges between China and the West in history. The spread of western learning in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties played an important role in the region and once played a major role in the operation of the world economy. Edit this chronology of events about the 3rd century ago: When Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, Macao was formally incorporated into Chinese territory, belonging to Panyu County, Nanhai County. 1553: The Portuguese obtained the right of residence in Macao. 1623: The Portuguese government appointed Marcello as the first governor of Macao. 164: After Portugal got rid of Spanish rule, Macao was awarded the title of "Cidade do Nome de Deus" because it had not surrendered to Spain. September 2th, 1844: Queen Maria II of Portugal of Portugal declared Macao a free port, which was after the First Opium War in 1849: Portugal stopped paying Macao land rent to China and occupied the gate. August 29th, 1849: Shen Zhiliang, a Chinese resident, assassinated Governor Amazonia. 1851: The Portuguese occupied Taipa. 1863: The Portuguese occupied Tashi, Shagang, Xinqiao, Shalitou and Shitang Street. 1864: The Portuguese occupy the roundabout. 1868: The Qing government offered to reclaim Macao's sovereignty with 1 million taels of silver, but the Portuguese refused. 1869: The first post office was established in Macau. July 22, 1874: Macao was hit by a severe typhoon, killing more than 8, people and sinking more than 2, ships. May 31, 1875: Macau was hit by a severe typhoon, leaving many people homeless. 1879: The Portuguese occupied Longtian village. 1883: The Portuguese occupied Wangxia, Litchi Bay, Shek O and Green Island. From 1883 to 1885: Macao imports 9, tons of opium every year, of which 2, tons are smuggled opium. In 1887, the Portuguese government and the Qing government successively signed the Draft Convention of the China-Portugal Conference and the Treaty of Good Relations and Trade between China and Portugal, stipulating that "the Portuguese state will always be in charge of Macao and the places belonging to it, no different from the Portuguese region". 1896: Portuguese attempts to reoccupy nearby hengqin island, but fails. 192: Atlantic Bank opens in Macau. 198: Portugal requests the exhibition boundary and delimits the boundary of Macao. During the Second World War, Portugal was not occupied by Japan because it was a neutral country and a large number of Japanese lived in Brazil. 1926: A coup took place in Portugal. At the end of the same year, Ba Bosha took office as the governor of Macao, the first literati governor in Macao. 1929: Macao Post Building is completed, and automatic telephones are used in Macao. 1955: Portugal promulgated the Organic Law of Macao Overseas Departments. 1961: The Portuguese Ministry of Overseas Affairs designated Macao as a tourist area, and gambling was specially allowed. November, 1961: The Macao government promulgated the Articles of Association for Gambling and Entertainment. April 25, 1974: Portuguese coup, the new government implements the policy of decolonization, and recognizes that Macao is not a colony, but the territory of China. 1974: Macao's first land connection tool, the Aoguan Bridge, was completed and put into use. April 13, 1987: The Sino-Portuguese Joint Statement on Macao was signed in Beijing. December 2, 1999: The People's Republic of China resumes the exercise of sovereignty over Macao.