Fabres's personal profile:

Jean Henri Casimir Fabre (1823-1915), a famous French entomologist, writer and entomologist. Known by the world as "Homer in the insect world" (Homer is said to be the author of two famous ancient Greek epics "Iliad" and "Odyssey") and "Virgil" in the insect world. He painted more than 7 pictures of fungi in watercolor, which was deeply appreciated and loved by Provence poet mistral. He also contributed to the bleaching and dyeing industry, and won three patents on alizarin.

Masterpiece:

Entomology in p>188 [2]? Come out.

Insect Tales are also translated into Insect World, Insect Epic (Huacheng Publishing House, 1996), Insect Tales and Notes on Entomology (French name is Souvenirs entomologiques, English name is The Records About Insects), which is called "Virgil of Insect World". The subtitle is "Research on Insect Instinct and its Customs". It not only truly records the life of insects, but also reflects the human world through the life of insects.

Papers: Studies on Nodulation of Orchidaceae Plants, Anatomical Studies on Regenerative Organs and Development of Polypodas, Observations on the Custom of Arthropoda, Insects * * * 1 volumes, each volume consists of several chapters, and most of them are completed in the barren stone garden. The first volume was published in 1878, and it has been published about every three years since then.

Life:

Jean Henri Casimir Fabre Jean-Henri Casimir Fabre (1823 ~ 1915) died at the age of 92. He was a famous French entomologist, animal behaviorist and writer. Known by the world as "Homer in the insect world" and "Virgil in the insect world". Fabres was born in a farmhouse in Saint Leon, Provence, southern France. In the following years, Fabres spent time in the home of his grandparents in Malaval, not far from the village. At that time, he was attracted by the lovely insects such as butterflies and slugs in the countryside.

In p>1857, he published Observations on the Habits of the Arthropoda, which corrected the wrong view of Leon dufour, the founder of entomology at that time, and thus won the praise of the French Institute and was awarded the Experimental Physiology Award. During this period, Fabres also devoted his energy to the study of natural dye madder or alizarin. At that time, the red color on French soldiers' army trousers came from the powder of madder.

in p>1859, Fabres obtained three patents for this kind of research. Later, at the invitation of Victor Duluy, Minister of Education, Fabres was in charge of the organization and teaching of an adult night school, but its free teaching method caused some people's dissatisfaction. So, he quit his job and settled down in Orange with his family, and lived there for more than ten years. In this more than ten years, Fabres completed the first volume of the ten-volume Insect. During this period, he went to Wandu Mountain with his friends many times to collect plant specimens. In addition, he also met the British philosopher Mill, but Mill died young, which made their previous plan "Vakruz Vegetation Grand View" die. At the same time, a great misfortune befell Fabres: of his six children, Jules, the only son who shared his father's interests and loved observing nature, died at the age of sixteen. Since then, Fabres has dedicated several plants he discovered to Jules who died young to express his memory. The study of fungi has always been one of Fabres's hobbies.

in p>1878, he wrote many wonderful academic articles on the theme of Vacruzzi's fungi. His research on Kuai Zi is also very detailed, and his fragrance is described in detail. Gourmets claim that they can taste all the flavors described in his works from the real Kuai Zi.

in p>1879, Fabres bought the barren stone garden in Ang, Cellini, and lived there until his death. This is a barren land, but it is a favorite land for insects. Apart from living for his family, there are also his study, studio and testing ground, which can make him concentrate on thinking quietly and devote himself wholeheartedly to various observations and experiments. It can be said that this is the world he has always dreamed of. It was here that Fabres, while observing and experimenting, sorted out the observation notes, experimental records and scientific notes on insects in the first half of his life, and completed the last nine volumes of Insects. Today, this former residence has become a museum, quietly located in a botanical garden with a strong Provencal style.

Fabres insisted on self-study for half his life, and successively obtained a bachelor's degree, a bachelor's degree in mathematics, a bachelor's degree in natural science and a doctor's degree in natural science. He was proficient in Latin and Greek and loved the works of Horace, an ancient Roman writer, and Virgil, a poet. He was almost self-taught in painting and watercolor painting, and many exquisite illustrations of fungi left by him were praised by Nobel Prize in Literature winner and French poet Frederic mistral. In his later years, Fabres's success in Insects won him the reputation of "Homer of Insects" and "Virgil of Insects", and his achievements were widely recognized by the society. Although Fabres has won many scientific titles, he is still as simple as ever, shy and humble, and leads a poor life. His talent was admired by scholars at that time, including British biologist Darwin, Belgian playwright maeterlinck, winner of Nobel Prize in Literature in 1911, German writer Junger, French philosopher Bergson, poet Malamei, Provence writer Rumanier and so on. Because Fabres's experiments were accurately recorded in Insect Tale, and many secrets of insect life and living habits were uncovered, Darwin called Fabres an "observer that cannot be imitated". When he lived in Ang, Cellini, many scholars and writers visited him in succession. Fabres had received Pasteur, British philosopher Mill and other scholars in his own residence, but his correspondence with them was not frequent. Victor Duluy, Minister of Education, recommended Fabres to Charles Louis Napolé on Bonaparte, who awarded him the Medal of Honor. Raymond Poincare, a French politician, made a detour to pay his respects to him by way of Ang, Cellini. Fabres's works with multiple identities are various: as a naturalist, he left many academic works on animals and plants, including Fine Grass: Patents and Papers, Animals in avignon, Cuckoo, Agaricus Campestris on the Olive Tree, Grape Root Aphid, etc. As a teacher, he has written many chemical physics textbooks; As a poet, he wrote many poems in Provence language in southern France, and was affectionately called "Gadfly Poet" by the local people. In addition, he translated the works of some Provencal poets into French. In his spare time, he also used his small mouth to compose some ditties. However, among Fabres's works, The Insect is the longest, the most important and the most well-known one. This work not only shows his talent and literary talent in scientific observation and research, but also conveys his humanistic spirit and incomparable love for life to readers.

Childhood:

Born on December 22nd, 1823 in Saint Leon, an ancient village in the mountainous area of Lunage, Avilon province in southern France, Licar, a teacher in the village, named him John Amway. Father Antonio (born in 18) and mother Fekval (born in 185).

in p>1825 (at the age of 2), my younger brother Frantilik was born.

In p>1827 (at the age of 3), because his mother had to take care of his young brother, he was fostered with his grandparents in Malabang village from the age of 3 to the age of 6. This is a big farm house with many children older than him. He is a curious child with a strong memory. He once proved that light is seen by his eyes and traced out that the singing insect in the leaves is a dew. I like to listen to my grandmother's stories before going to bed, but I often sleep with sheep in my arms on cold winter nights.

In p>183 (at the age of 6), he returned to Sa Leiwang village and entered the private school run by teacher Licar. During the class, pigs and chickens often ran into the classroom for food. Write down the letters A, B, C ..... from animal books, and become interested in insects and grasses, and find the nest of black-throated owl, and get the blue eggs in the nest. After being persuaded by the priest, the bird eggs are returned to their original places. In order to increase family income, help to look after the ducklings, they are responsible for rushing to the swamp for stocking, thus discovering the creatures in the swamp and minerals such as crystals and mica.

Fabres graduated from middle school in p>1833 (at the age of 9). The whole family moved to Rhodes town, and my father made a living by running a coffee shop, and entered Wang Li College as an assistant to the ceremony of Wang Mi's withdrawal without paying tuition. During my school days, I studied Latin and Greek, and liked to read the poems of Vilkki Reese, an ancient Roman poet.

In p>1837 (at the age of 13), my father failed to run a coffee shop and moved his family to Toles. Enter Eskil Theological Seminary.

In p>1838 (at the age of 14), my father's business failed again. He moved to Mombelli, opened another shop, and left home alone to sell lemons and become a railway worker. I used to spend more than a day's salary to buy Rubl's Poems and bring them to Yuan Ye for reading. It was my greatest pleasure to know all kinds of insects. When I caught the European cloud gill beetle for the first time, I felt very happy.

Teenager:

Worked in p>1839.

In p>184 (at the age of 16), he was scolded by his teacher for his poor grades. He completed three credits in two years and studied natural history, Latin and Greek freely for the rest of the year.

After graduating from normal school in p>1842 (at the age of 18), she became a teacher in Karban Tora Primary School with an annual salary of 7 francs. She was well received for her enthusiastic teaching. My father failed in business and moved from Mombelli to Bordeaux.

In p>1843 (at the age of 19), when I was in the field survey practice class, I was informed of the wallflower bee by the student office. Also because of this kind of bee, I began to read [arthropod records] written by Blanche, Leomir and others, and I fell in love with entomology from then on.

in p>1844 (at the age of 2), she married her colleague Mary Van Yael (at the age of 23). Learn math, physics, chemistry, etc. by yourself. My father's coffee shop was closed again, and he was temporarily working in Karban Tora Tax Bureau.

in p>1845 (at the age of 21), the eldest daughter Ai Lisha Bette was born.

in p>1846 (at the age of 22), Ai Lisha Bate died. Passed the entrance examination of mathematics in Mombelli University. My younger brother, Frantilik, became a primary school teacher.

in p>1847 (at the age of 23), she obtained a bachelor's degree in mathematics from Mombelli University. The eldest son John was born.

in p>1848 (at the age of 24), he obtained a bachelor's degree in physics from Mombelli University.

John, the eldest male, died young. I really appreciate Tosnell's writings about birds. I hope to teach in a university, but I have no chance.

Youth:

In p>1849 (at the age of 25), I worked as a physics teacher in Ajegsio National High School in Corsica, with an annual salary of 1,8 francs. Facing the rich nature of Corsica, I began to study animals and plants. In addition, he is also very keen on mathematics. Climb every mountain in Corsica with botanist Rukia to collect plants.

In p>1856 (at the age of 32), he was awarded the Experimental Physiology Award by the French Bachelor's College for his research on the tumor-inhabiting bees. Continue to study insects such as high-nosed bees and short-winged turnips, but because of the hardships of life, the research time is not much. Part-time tutoring, tutor and other positions, began to study the extraction of dyes from madder.

On May 21st, 1857 (at the age of 33), the larvae of short-winged turnips were found in the nest of striped bees, and a paper entitled "The metamorphosis of turnips" was published, as well as a paper on plants.

In p>1858 (at the age of 34), after learning that it was impossible to become a university professor without property, he devoted himself to the research of madder dyes.

In p>1859 (at the age of 35), Darwin praised Fabres as a "rare observer" in his book The Origin of Species.

the second male Jules was born. Curator of Rukia Museum. Inspector Deluyi visited and got to know the botanist Duracol, and then he got to know the British economist Miller who lived in Avignon, and became a plant lover.

In p>1862 (at the age of 38), Ansett published books for primary schools. I met Della klapp, president of Paris Publishing House, and was encouraged by him to write easy-to-understand scientific books.

In p>1863 (at the age of 39), three men, Emile, were born, and Deleuil became the Minister of Education.

In p>1865 (at the age of 41), Deng Bandu Mountain was in distress, and Pasteur, a bacteriologist, visited, and Della klapp published scientific reading materials such as Sky and Earth.

In p>1866 (at the age of 42), the dye pigment was successfully extracted from madder, and he was hired as a professor of physics in Avignon Normal School.

In p>1867 (at the age of 43), his contribution to Avignon was affirmed, and he won the Cagnier Prize of 9 francs.

In p>1868 (at the age of 44), he was awarded the Medal of Lei Ziwang Denur and paid his respects to Charles Louis Napolé on Bonaparte on the recommendation of Minister of Education Deluyi. As a lecturer in natural history and physics at night. Industrialize the successfully researched madder dye. Shortly after the establishment of the factory, Germany completed the chemical synthesis of allithiamine dye, and the dream of industrialization of madder dye was dashed. The teaching method of public lectures was opposed by conservative educators and churches, so they dismissed the teaching staff of normal schools.

In p>1869 (at the age of 45), at the instigation of conservatives, Deleuil resigned as Minister of Education.

Middle age:

In the old days of Oulan

In p>187 (at the age of 46), he borrowed money from Miller and moved to Oulan. Raising a family of seven bears a heavy burden. Fortunately, science books are published one after another, and they can pay back the money bit by bit.

In p>1871 (at the age of 47), I lived a life of writing books and observing insects. This year, because of the war between Germany and France, it was impossible to get royalties and manuscript fees on time, and life was even more difficult.

In p>1872 (at the age of 48), chemist Tima presented a microscope due to the introduction of Deleuil.

miller died in p>1873 (at the age of 49). Forced to resign as director of Rukia Museum and protest to the mayor. He was awarded the silver medal by the Paris Society for the Protection of Animals, and his works on mathematics, plants and physics came out one after another.

In p>1877 (at the age of 53), the male Jules died, and the three discovered bees were named as Followorth native bee, Followorth high-nosed bee and Followorth cave bee respectively.

In p>1878 (54), Jules' death was a great shock, and his health was not as good as before. I almost died of pneumonia, but I was lucky to tide over the difficulties with strong willpower.

In p>1879, the first volume of Insects was completed (the original manuscript included: sacred dung beetles pushing dung balls, tumor-dwelling bees catching weevils, Langedoge's cave bees catching short-winged owls, etc.).

Biography:

Fabres Biography Version 1

Fabres (1823-1915) was born in a poor family in a small town near the Mediterranean in southern France. As a child, Fabres had already shown his love for nature and natural observation, which can be seen in his article "On Genetics". By self-study, Fabres was admitted to Avignon Teachers College as a public student. After graduating at the age of 18, he became a primary school teacher, and continued to study hard. In the following years, he successively obtained bachelor's degrees and licenses in literature, mathematics, physics and other natural sciences (similar to today's master's degrees), and in 1855, he got a doctorate in science.

Young Fabres was deeply fascinated by mathematics and chemistry, but later he found it interesting.