Let's see if it's complete enough. The longan I found in other places is also called longan, which is warm and sweet in nature, beneficial to the heart and spleen and qi and blood. Has good nourish and tonifying effect, and can be used for treating insomnia, amnesia, fright, dizziness and other symptoms caused by deficiency of heart and spleen and deficiency of qi and blood. Fresh longan-fruit, dried longan-tonic, which means longan is dried. Because fruits could not be stored in the past, which was not conducive to transportation, longan was always dried before being transported to the north. Because longan was produced in Guangxi (Guangxi) and was round, northerners called longan as longan. (I don't know if it was taboo to say dragon in feudal times, so it can't be called longan, so the official name (North) also called longan), so they didn't know that the original form of longan was longan. Later, the fruit could be stored and transported conveniently. Longan was transported to the north as a fruit, but northerners never touched it, only touched its mummy "longan", so longan was also called longan. Therefore, there are more longan in the southern area, but there are more longan in the Central Plains and the north. (sxm) Characteristics and characteristics Evergreen trees, with tall trees. Most of them are even pinnate compound leaves, and the leaflets are opposite or alternate; Panicle terminal or axillary; The fruit is spherical, and the seeds are black and shiny. The flowering period is from March to April, and the fruit period is from July to August. Prefer temperature and avoid freezing, the average annual temperature is 2 ~ 22℃, which is sensitive to low temperature; Generally, the average annual temperature is less than 17.5 ~ 18℃, the coldest average monthly temperature is less than 1℃, and the absolute low temperature is less than-5℃, so longan is difficult to be cultivated economically. It is drought-tolerant, and the optimum annual precipitation is 1 ~ 16 mm; Strong adaptability to soil. Wild longan is a common tree species in semi-evergreen monsoon forest in the hilly plateau of southwest Hainan. The annual average temperature in the distribution area is 24-26℃, and the annual precipitation is 9-17 mm. Like dry and hot habitats, in the process of annual growth and development, winter and spring (November-April) require a temperature of 18-25℃ and appropriate drought, and summer and autumn (May-November) require a high temperature of 26-29℃ and abundant rainfall. As a light-loving tree, seedlings are not tolerant to excessive shading, and mature trees need full sunshine. Natural regeneration is good, belonging to deep-rooted tree species, which can take root and grow in arid and barren soil. Strong germination, stumps that are cut or burned can germinate and renew quickly. Natural growth is slow, the height of the 83-year-old tree is only 2.2 meters, and the DBH is 27 cm. It blooms in March-April and ripens in July-August. Distribution: Longan is native to the south and southwest of China. At present, Longan is mainly distributed in Guangxi, Guangdong, Fujian, Taiwan Province and other provinces (regions). In addition, there are also small-scale cultivation in Hainan, Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou provinces. Longan is cultivated in Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, India, Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, Madagascar, Queensland, Australia, Hawaii and Florida. Variety: Dawuyuan, Shijie, Fuyan, Chuliang and Guangyan. According to pharmacological research, longan contains many nutrients such as glucose, sucrose, vitamins A and B, among which there are more proteins, fats and minerals. These nutrients are very necessary for the human body. Especially for those who work hard, it is more effective to consume sad temper and blood. Longan can treat weakness or mental decline after illness. It is also suitable for women to make up after delivery. Li Shizhen recorded in Compendium of Materia Medica: "Litchi is the most expensive food, while longan is the best resource". I admire longan even more. Longan is rich in nutrition and is a precious nourishing fortifier. Besides being eaten fresh, fruits can also be made into canned food, wine, paste, sauce, etc., and can also be processed into dried meat in Guiyuan. In addition, the leaves, flowers, roots and cores of longan can be used as medicine. Longan tree has hard wood and delicate texture, which is the raw material for making high-grade furniture and can be carved into various exquisite handicrafts. Longan contains a variety of nutrients, which have the effects of nourishing blood, calming the nerves, strengthening the brain, improving intelligence and nourishing the heart and spleen; It is found that longan has an inhibitory rate of over 9% on uterine cancer cells, and women's menopause is a stage where gynecological tumors are prone to occur, so eating longan properly is beneficial to health; Longan has a tonic effect, and it has an auxiliary effect on people who need to recuperate after illness and are weak. Breeding July-August when the fruit is ripe and yellow-brown. The life of seeds is short. Remove the aril after peeling off the shell, and sow immediately after washing with clear water. When the seedlings are 8-1 cm high, plant them in separate beds or move them into nutrition bags, and use half-year or one-year-old seedlings for afforestation in Yu Chunyu or autumn days. The forest land is selected from the hilly platform with an altitude below 5 meters. Cultivated varieties must be propagated by grafting. 1. How to plant longan? The most suitable period for planting longan in a year is from late February to mid-March or early October. It is better to choose nutritious cup seedlings or seedlings with soil lumps, and the requirements are pure, strong and upright grafted seedlings. The row spacing of planting is 5-6m, and the plant spacing is 4-5m. Before planting longan, the planting pit should be dug, and the specifications of the planting pit should be 1m long, 1m wide and 1m deep. When digging the pit, the topsoil and subsoil should be stacked separately, and the soil should be put back into the planting pit 1-2 months before planting. Weeds and green manure should be put in first, and lime should be sprinkled to mix well with the topsoil, and then farm manure and loose fine soil should be added to mix well until it is 3cm above the ground. When planting seedlings, dig a small pit in the center of the planting pit, put the seedlings in the into the pit, plant them in the soil, then drench them with root water, and cover the whole tree tray with straw. If you encounter dry weather after planting, you should spray water once every 2-3 days to keep the tree tray moist. Check and drain the accumulated water in time after it rains. 2. How to manage young longan trees? (1) fertilizer and water management. Fertilizer and water are the material basis for the growth of longan. Applying sufficient fertilizer to young longan trees in time can make them grow faster, form crowns and bear fruits early. The first fertilizer application began one month after the longan seedlings were planted. In the future, topdressing should be done once every time the new buds grow and the new leaves turn green. When topdressing, biogas liquid, pig manure water and other water fertilizers can be used, and 2-25 kg of water fertilizer should be sprayed on each tree, and .1 kg of urea or compound fertilizer should be added. Young longan trees are weak in cold tolerance, so it is necessary to apply more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer when they enter the low temperature period in winter. In addition to adding compound fertilizer when burying organic fertilizer in the pit after November, topdressing outside the roots can also be sprayed on the back of leaves, and .6% potassium chloride and .2% urea fertilizer solution can be sprayed. Because the crown and root system of young longan trees are small, and the water demand for fertilizer is not large, and the young root system is sensitive to fertilizer, the principle of fertilization for young longan trees should be diligent and thin, that is, the concentration of fertilization should not be too strong each time, but the number of fertilization should be more to ensure its growth and long-needed fertilizer. The rainfall in China's longan producing areas can fully meet the demand of longan growth, but due to the uneven distribution of rainfall throughout the year, it is often more in May-August and less in September to April of the following year. Therefore, attention should be paid to the drainage of the orchard in rainy season, while attention should be paid to the irrigation of the orchard in rainy season, especially in August-October, when the autumn shoots of longan are sprouting, so attention should be paid to the irrigation of the orchard. (2) Crown management. Young longan trees should undergo necessary shaping and pruning. This is to cultivate a tree with high and stable yield, concentrate nutrients for the effective growth of young trees, and make them form a crown as soon as possible and bear fruit early. After the longan seedlings are planted and survive, 3-5 new buds with evenly distributed angles are selected and cultured 3-5 cm away from the ground to become the main branches of the crown. When the main branch germinates, 3-5 buds are selected according to the tree shape and cultured into lateral branches. In the spring of the following year, if the seedlings have long ears, they should be cut off to ensure that the branches and leaves are long and the crown grows faster. How to fertilize longan fruit trees? Longan can bear fruit in the third year after planting. From the third year after planting, you can refer to the following methods to manage longan trees. 3. Fertilization ① Flower-promoting fertilizer: .25-.5 kg of potassium chloride, .25-.5 kg of compound fertilizer and .25-.5 kg of bran fertilizer are applied to each plant after the flower heads are picked up in late February, and mixed with water or sprayed in shallow ditches to promote the quantity and quality of flower bud differentiation, improve the heading rate and increase the flower heads. ② Pre-flowering fertilizer: from late March to early April, topdressing should be applied 1-15 days before flowering, with more flowers, less flowers or no application. .2-.3 kg of bran fertilizer, .2-.3 kg of potassium chloride, .1-.2 kg of compound fertilizer, .2-.3 kg of urea and 3-5 kg of water were applied by spraying. (3) Fruit-preserving and fruit-strengthening fertilizer: Longan consumes a lot of nutrients when it blooms, and the summer shoots are sprouting at the same time when the fruits are developing and expanding, so it is very important to supply nutrients in time. After the flower withers, when the fruit is as big as soybean, plant it and apply 3-5kg of decomposed human excrement. .2-.3 kg of bran fertilizer and .2-.3 kg of compound fertilizer are added. ④ Fertilization before fruit picking: 5-7 days before fruit picking, .3-.5 kg of rotten peanut bran, .2-.3 kg of potassium chloride and .2-.3 kg of compound fertilizer are soaked with water to promote the first autumn shoots from late August to early September, so as to facilitate the second autumn shoots in the middle and late October. ⑤ Fertilizer for strengthening autumn shoots: When autumn shoots turn green for the first time in the first half of September, apply .3-.5 kg of compound fertilizer to plants in time, and then spray it with water. When the first autumn shoots are fully matured from late September to early October, the water and fertilizer for the second autumn shoots should be applied in time, and each plant should be drenched with .3-.5 kg of peanut bran (cooked by retting) and 3 kg of water. 4. How to prune and manage the longan fruiting tree? ① flower thinning and fruit thinning: before and after Qingming Festival, the flowers and weak branches of diseases and insect pests were thinned; In the short-truncated fruiting branch group, the branches are erect and the growth potential is too strong, and the inflorescence is sparse. (2) Pruning after fruit picking: after fruit picking, cut off the branches that are too dense, weak, diseased, dead, crossed and shady. (3) Leave autumn shoots in time: Generally, the normal period of autumn shoots is from late October to early November, and late autumn shoots will be produced in the year with high temperature in autumn and winter at the latest. For tree with little or no fruit bearing in that year and strong tree vigor, leave autumn shoots twice, with the first autumn shoot maturing in late September and the second autumn shoot sprouting in the middle and late October. For the age-appropriate trees with moderate fruiting and average tree vigor, autumn shoots should be put only once. After fruit picking, water and fertilizer should be applied in late August, pruning should be done in mid-September, and water and fertilizer should be drenched to make autumn shoots sprout in mid-October. (4) Winter pruning: Winter pruning is mainly carried out from the end of December after the fruiting mother branch of autumn shoots turns green to the time when the flower heads are pulled out and buds appear obviously. Only shady branches, excessively drooping branches, pest and disease branches and weak branches (less than .5cm, less than 1 compound leaves) are cut off, and the fruiting mother branches and big branches cannot be cut short. 5. How should longan control the growth of new branches and leaves in winter? If longan grows new branches and leaves in winter, it will be difficult to blossom and bear fruit in the next year, so it is necessary to control the fruiting tree to grow new branches and leaves in winter. Commonly used methods are: ① Ring cutting. From mid-November to mid-December, in the trunk or first-class branch, use a sharp knife to cut the ring, and the strong tree will cut a circle, and the medium tree will cut 3/4 times, reaching the xylem, with a width of about .3cm, which should not be too deep or too wide. ② Root cutting for water production. In the middle and late December, it will be carried out in combination with deep excavation and soil improvement. In the rhizosphere of the crown or under the crown, the roots can be properly cut off by ploughing for 15-2 cm to reduce the water supply, make the soil dry properly, control the emergence of winter shoots and promote the differentiation of flower buds. ③ Drug control. After the longan leaves turn green in the first half of November, spray the buds with 1-15ml of 4% ethyl ester and 15kg of clear water. It is not advisable to spray ethephon repeatedly on the same crown or the whole tree, or spray it repeatedly in one month, so as not to cause the leaves to turn yellow, and in severe cases, a large number of leaves will fall and the tree will decline. ④ Artificial removal of winter shoots: For sporadic winter shoots, 1-2 cm of tender shoots should be left from the base of tender shoots in time for removal. 6. How to prevent and control diseases and pests in longan? The diseases that harm longan fruit trees mainly include anthracnose, Phytophthora frostbite, mildew spot, brown spot and ghost sweep, and the pests mainly include litchi stinkbug scale, scarab, longicorn beetle, aphid, leaf curl, fruit sucking moth, longan and so on. The control of stinkbug scale, scarab and leaf roller moth in litchi can be killed by enemy 15 times, or by dichlorvos 8 times+trichlorfon 6 times, or by spraying insecticide 6 times; In March and April, scarab spread carbofuran on the tree disk and root neck, and coated the trunk with lime. Apriona longicorn mainly catches adults from March to May. Pay attention to check the base of trunk and scrape off eggs and larvae. If larvae have entered the hole, 5 times of dichlorvos can be injected into the hole and sealed with yellow mud to poison the larvae. It should be noted that pesticides should not be sprayed during flowering to protect longan breeding, and wild longan is a valuable germplasm resource. Wood has a fine structure, is strong, extremely resistant to corrosion and moth-eaten, and is a strong industrial material, suitable for vehicles, ships, bridges, water conservancy, furniture and other materials. The fruit is edible. It is suggested that semi-evergreen monsoon forest, which has not been damaged and distributed widely, should be designated as wild longan nature reserve, and seed orchards should be established in nearby state-owned forest farms to provide germplasm resources for cultivation and breeding. The famous longan is a fruit of southern China, which is mostly produced in Guangdong and Guangxi. Together with litchi, banana and pineapple, they are the four precious fruits in South China. Its tree is one or two feet high, with long and slightly smaller leaves and white flowers, and it became a reality in early autumn. In fact, it falls heavily, and its shape is round and rolling. For example, the projectile is slightly smaller than litchi, and its skin is green and brown. Peeling is crystal clear and white, and the red and black stone inside is faintly visible, which is very similar to the eyes, so it is named "longan". Quanzhou is one of the main longan producing areas in China, which has been rich in longan since ancient times. Quanzhou people generally call longan fresh fruit longan, and longan is longan after baking. Merchants often refer to both as "longan". Historical longan originated in southern China, and its cultivation history can be traced back to the Han Dynasty more than 2, years ago. Northern Wei Dynasty (386-534) Jia Sixie's Qi Min Yao Shu says: "Longan is a puzzle and a bimu." Because it matures in the fragrance season of osmanthus trees, it is commonly known as Guiyuan. It was listed as an important tribute in ancient times. Wei Wendi (535-551) once wrote to his ministers: "The fruits in the south are rare, including longan and litchi, which make you pay tribute to the old age." Longan was widely planted in Quanzhou in Song Dynasty. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Su Song, a native of Tongan County, Quanzhou Prefecture, recorded in the Book of Materia Medica (161): "Longan was born in the valley of the South China Sea, and litchi is found everywhere in Fujian, Guangzhou and Sichuan today. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Wang Shipeng, the governor of Quanzhou, praised Longan: "There is no such thing as light red sweeping the floor, and thousands of trees are screaming with dragons. It is like a puzzle that is not medicine, and the taste is really slave than litchi." Ming Huang Zhongzhao's "Eight Min Tong Zhi" describes: "The longan tree is like a plum branch, but its leaves are tiny and its skin is yellow-brown. When the litchi branch is over, the longan is ripe, so the southerners call it the slave of litchi branch. There are all counties in Quanzhou, and the county (now Licheng District and Fengze District) is especially prosperous. " Min Shu, written by He Qiaoyuan, a native of Quanzhou in the Ming Dynasty, describes that "there are litchi and longan in the garden, and the trip to the world is baked and dried." Quanzhou longan has a long history of propagation by grafting technology. There are records about the propagation of longan by grafting in Litchi Book by Ming Xu Bo (1597) and Litchi Book by Deng Daoxie (1628). In the early Qing Dynasty, Zhou Lianggong's Notes on Fujian (1666-1668) and Guo Baicang's Notes on Fujian's Production recorded different species, which are still in use today. The old method used hanging bowls to fill the soil. There are many varieties of longan in Quanzhou with different flavors. There are more than 5 famous varieties such as Puming Anben and Hong Haier Benben. Longan, the most acclaimed pioneer, won the gold medal in China Agricultural Expo in 1993. "Dongbi" longan originated from a corner of the original Dongbi Temple next to the East Tower in Kaiyuan Temple in Quanzhou City, hence its name. Its female parent was planted by monks in Kaiyuan Temple during the Wanli period of Ming Dynasty (1573-162), and it took more than 3 years to die in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. There is an ancient longan tree in Chengtian Temple in Quanzhou, which has been more than 2 years old, and it is the oldest tree in the eyes of the existing "Dongbi" dragon. Nowadays, "Dongbi" longan is widely propagated in Quanzhou and other longan producing areas in this province.