The first solar term of the first year: spring

The first solar term every year is "beginning of spring", and people usually call it "Da Chun". Why do you call it that? There is a custom in Chinese history. On this day in beginning of spring every year, people put on holiday clothes and carry a big paper cow, singing and dancing in the streets. After the parade, the cows wrapped in paper were taken to the court of the county government, and Angel, a county official, whipped them three times, which means: Go back to the earth in spring and farm quickly. Therefore, people call beginning of spring "Da Chun". )

1 month 1 day: New Year's Day.

(The word "New Year's Day" comes from the poem "Jieya" written by Xiao Ziyun, a native of A Liang in the Southern Dynasties: "There are four spirits in New Year's Day, and longevity begins today." Yuan is the beginning, the first meaning; Dan is a knowing word, with the "sun" above representing the sun and the "one" below representing the horizon. The sun rises from the horizon, symbolizing the beginning of the day. New Year's Day is the first day of the year.

Gregorian calendar 65438+ 10 month 1 is recognized as New Year's Day in the world today. The dates of the New Year in China are not consistent. For example, the Xia Dynasty is the first day of the first month; Shang dynasty was on the first day of December; The Zhou Dynasty is on the first day of November, and so on. 1 On September 27th, 949, the first plenary session of China People's Political Consultative Conference passed the "Law on the Chronology of AD" and designated the Gregorian calendar1as New Year's Day. )

The fifteenth day of the first lunar month: Lantern Festival

(Also known as "Shangyuan Festival", that is, the fifteenth day of the first lunar month. This is an important traditional festival in China. In ancient books, this day is called Shangyuan, and its night is called Yuanye, Yuanxi or Yuanxiao. The name Yuanxiao has been used ever since. Because the Lantern Festival has the custom of watching lanterns with lanterns, it is also called "Lantern Festival" among the people. In addition, there are customs such as eating Yuanxiao, walking on stilts and solve riddles on the lanterns. The ancient calendar in China is closely related to the phases of the moon. On the fifteenth day of each month, people greet the first full moon night of the year, which is naturally regarded as an auspicious day. As early as the Han Dynasty, the fifteenth day of the first month was used as a day for offering sacrifices to God and praying for blessings. Later, the ancients called the fifteenth day of the first month Shangyuan, the fifteenth day of July Zhongyuan and the fifteenth day of October Xia Yuan. At the latest, in the early Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sanyuan was the day when grand ceremonies were held. Of the three elements, Shangyuan is the most valued. Later, the celebrations in the Central Plains and Xia Yuan were gradually abolished, but Shangyuan was enduring. )

March 8: Women's Day.

March 12: Arbor Day

The day before Tomb-Sweeping Day: cold food

(A festival in the old customs, the day before Tomb-Sweeping Day [two days before Qingming Festival]. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Zhong Er, the son of the State of Jin who had been exiled for many years, returned to China and acceded to the throne (that is, Jin Wengong). Besides the introduction, he paid tribute to the courtiers who died with him. Jie Zhitui then lived in seclusion with his mother in Mianshan [now southeast of Jiexiu County, Shanxi Province]. When Jin Wengong learned about this, he wanted to raise the reward. He found Mianshan, but he couldn't find him, so he wanted to burn the mountain to force him out. However, Jiezhi couldn't hold on, and as a result, both mother and son were burned to death. Therefore, Jin Wengong stipulates that people are forbidden to cook on the fire on this day every year to express their condolences with cold food. Later, the custom of eating cold food and sweeping graves on the day of cold food was formed. )

April 5: Tomb-Sweeping Day

Tomb-Sweeping Day is a traditional festival in China, and it is also the most important festival to worship ancestors and sweep graves. Grave-sweeping is commonly known as going to the grave to worship ancestors. Most Han people and some ethnic minorities visit graves in Tomb-Sweeping Day. According to the old custom, when sweeping graves, people should bring food, wine, fruit, paper money and other items to the cemetery, offer food to the graves of their loved ones, then burn the paper money, cultivate new soil for the graves, break a few green branches and insert them in the graves, then kowtow and worship, and finally eat and drink home. The poem Qingming written by Du Mu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, said: "There are many rains during the Qingming period, and pedestrians on the road want to break their souls. Ask local people where to buy wine? The shepherd boy pointed to Xinghua Village. " Write the special atmosphere of Tomb-Sweeping Day.

Tomb-Sweeping Day, also known as the outing festival, is between April 4th and 6th every year according to the solar calendar, which is a season of bright spring and lush vegetation, and also a good time for people to go for a spring outing. Therefore, the ancients had the custom of going for an outing in Qingming and carrying out a series of sports activities. )

May 1st: Labor Day

The fifth day of the fifth lunar month: Dragon Boat Festival

The fifth day of the fifth lunar month is the Dragon Boat Festival. The real name of Dragon Boat Festival is Dragon Boat Festival, which means start. "Five" and "noon" are homophonic and universal. This is an ancient festival in China. Qu Yuan, the earliest patriotic poet in ancient China.

After being exiled by slanderers, he witnessed the increasingly corrupt politics of Chu, but he could not realize his political ideal and save his dying motherland, so he threw himself into the river. Since then, in order to prevent fish and shrimp from eating their bodies, people have kneaded glutinous rice and flour into cakes of various shapes and put them in the river center, which has become the source of eating zongzi and fried cakes during the Dragon Boat Festival. This custom has spread abroad. )

June 1st: Children's Day.

July 1 day: China * * * Party Building Day.

July 7th: China People's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression Memorial Day.

The seventh day of the seventh lunar month: Qixi Valentine's Day

The night on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month is called "Qixi". According to China folklore, the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl meet at the Magpie Bridge in Tianhe tonight. Later, there were some customs, such as women asking Vega for help on this night. The so-called cleverness is to thread a needle in Vega with colored thread in the moonlight. It would be a "coincidence" if you could pass through seven pinholes of different sizes. The agricultural proverb says, "On the seventh day of July in Enigmatic, a sickle is used to cut rice." It's time to sharpen the sickle and get ready to harvest the early rice. )

July 13th of the lunar calendar: Respect for the Elderly Day.

August 1 day: China Army Day.

August 15th of the lunar calendar: Mid-Autumn Festival.

August 15th of the lunar calendar, which is in the middle of autumn, is called "Mid-Autumn Festival". In the evening, the full moon in Gui Xiang is regarded as a symbol of reunion by old customs. This is a festival to prepare all kinds of fruits and cooked food to enjoy the moon. Eat moon cakes on Mid-Autumn Festival. According to legend, at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, in order to overthrow the brutal rule of the Yuan Dynasty, the broad masses of the people wrote the date of the uprising on a piece of paper and put it in the stuffing of moon cakes so as to pass it on to each other in secret, calling on everyone to revolt on August 15. Finally, on this day, a nationwide peasant uprising broke out and overthrew the decadent Yuan Dynasty. Since then, the custom of eating moon cakes on Mid-Autumn Festival has spread more widely. )

The ninth day of the ninth lunar month: Double Ninth Festival

(the ninth day of the ninth lunar month. In ancient China, September 9th was the sun of the cloudy moon, hence the name "Chongyang". According to legend, during the Eastern Han Dynasty, Runan people were in the shadow. They heard Fei Changfang tell him that there would be a great disaster in Runan on September 9, so they quickly asked their families to sew a small generation, put Cornus officinalis in it, tie it to their arms, climb mountains and drink chrysanthemum wine in order to take refuge. On this day, the whole family climbed the mountain and went home at night. Sure enough, all the chickens, dogs and sheep in the family died. Since then, there have been folk customs such as making dogwood, drinking chrysanthemum wine, holding temple fairs and climbing mountains on the Double Ninth Festival. Because "Gao" and "Gao" are homonyms, there is a custom of eating "Chongyang cake" on the Double Ninth Festival. Wang Weiyou, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote a poem, "I miss my relatives twice during the festive season in the mountains": "When I am in a foreign land, I miss my relatives twice during the festive season." I knew from a distance where my brother had climbed, and there was another person missing from the dogwood. "Recorded the customs at that time. Due to sincere feelings, this poem has been well-known so far. )

September 10: Teacher's Day

October 1st: National Day.

(1949 10 10/month 1 day is the anniversary of the founding of New China. What needs to be pointed out here is that in the impression of many people, the founding ceremony in People's Republic of China (PRC) was held in Tiananmen Square on the L day of 1949, with hundreds of thousands of soldiers and civilians attending. In fact, this impression in people's minds is not accurate. Because the ceremony held in Tiananmen Square on June 1949 10 1 was founding ceremony of the Central People's Government of People's Republic of China (PRC), not founding ceremony. In fact, the "establishment" of People's Republic of China (PRC), that is, the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC), was announced one week before 10+0 of that year. At that time, it was called "founding ceremony" instead of "founding ceremony". The time is1September 2, 9491day. On this day, Mao Zedong, director of the Preparatory Committee of China People's Political Consultative Conference, announced the birth of the new China in his opening speech at the first session of CPPCC. )

Lunar calendar 1 1 22nd: winter solstice.

In ancient China, people attached great importance to the winter solstice and thought it was a major festival. There is a saying that the winter solstice is as big as a year, and there is a custom to celebrate it. "Han Shu" said: "The sun shines brightly on the solstice in winter, and the monarch is growing up, which is gratifying." People think that after the winter solstice, the days become longer and longer and the sun rises, which is the beginning of the solar cycle and an auspicious day and should be celebrated. The Book of Jin records: "On the winter solstice of Wei and Jin Dynasties, people from all over the world celebrated ... its appearance was not as good as that of Zheng Dan." Explain the ancient emphasis on the winter solstice.

Now, some places still celebrate the winter solstice as a festival. The northern region has the custom of slaughtering sheep and eating jiaozi and wonton from winter solstice, while the southern region has the custom of eating dumplings and long noodles from winter solstice on this day. There is also the custom of offering sacrifices to heaven and ancestors in winter solstice in various regions. )

The eighth day of the twelfth lunar month: Laba Festival

In ancient times, offering sacrifices to "gods" in December was called the twelfth lunar month, so the twelfth lunar month was called the twelfth lunar month. On the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month, the old custom is to drink Laba porridge. Legend has it that Sakyamuni became a Buddha on this day, so every time a temple cooks porridge for the Buddha on this day, people follow suit and become a custom until today. )

/kloc-Lunar New Year's Eve in 0/2: New Year's Eve

(New Year's Eve is called New Year's Eve. In addition, the original meaning is "go" and it is extended to "change" [alternate]; The word "evening" originally meant "sunset" and later extended to "night". Therefore, on New Year's Eve, it means "the old year will be deleted here and the new year will be replaced tomorrow". "In addition" means to throw away the old cloth and make a new one. New Year's Eve originated from the "expulsion" in the pre-Qin period. According to Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals and Dong Jiji, on the day before the New Year, the ancients would beat drums to drive away the "ghost of plague", so that the next year would be disease-free and disaster-free. This is the origin of "New Year's Eve" Festival. In ancient times, there were many nicknames for "New Year's Eve", such as "New Year's Eve", "New Year's Eve", "New Year's Eve" and so on. Although there are many names, they always mean to send the old and welcome the new, and to eliminate diseases and disasters. )

The first day of the first lunar month: Spring Festival

It is the first year of the lunar calendar, commonly known as "Chinese New Year". The origin of the Spring Festival has a history of about 4000 years in China. It is the most lively and grand traditional festival in China. The ancient Spring Festival refers to the "beginning of spring" season in the twenty-four solar terms of the lunar calendar. It was not until the Southern and Northern Dynasties that the Spring Festival was changed to the end of the year, generally referring to the whole spring. At this time, spring returns to the earth, and everything is renewed. People regard it as the beginning of a new year. In the early years of the Republic of China after the Revolution of 1911, after the lunar calendar was changed to the Gregorian calendar, the first day of the first month was designated as the Spring Festival. It was not until September 27th, 1949, that the China People's Political Consultative Conference officially designated the New Year on the first day of the first month as the "Spring Festival", so many people still call it the Spring Festival. )

Year:

People often call the Spring Festival "China New Year", but the original meaning of "Year" is fundamentally different from today. It is said that in ancient times, there was one of the fiercest beasts in the world called Nian. It is bigger than a camel. Run faster than the wind and roar louder than thunder. When it came out, people ate people and animals were injured, and people's lives were seriously threatened. In order to punish Nian, God locked it in a deep mountain and allowed it to come out only once a year. In the long-term practice, people find that Nian has three fears-fear of red, fear of noise and fear of fire. So, on the thirtieth night of the twelfth lunar month, everyone posted red paper at the door, kept beating gongs and drums and setting off firecrackers, and lit lights all night in the house at night. "Year" to take a look at the evening, every household brightly lit; Hearing this, the sound of shooting was everywhere, scaring it into the village. During the day, it sneaked down the mountain again, only to find that the doors of every household were still red and drummed everywhere, scaring it to turn around and run back. From then on, Nian never came again. It is said that he starved to death in the deep forest. Later, people turned the prevention of "Year of Driving" and "Year of Driving" into a safe and stable New Year. "Nian" is gone, but the custom of Chinese New Year is still there. Bright red Spring Festival couplets, bright lights, crisp firecrackers, loud gongs and drums, year after year. )

Traditional festival dining table

Unless otherwise specified, the following festivals are calculated according to the lunar calendar (also known as summer calendar and lunar calendar):

In ancient times, the Spring Festival on the first day of the first month had more than 30 names, such as Yuanri, New Year's Day, Jacky, Chen Yuan, Yuanshuo, Sanyuan, Sanzheng, Zheng Dan and Zhengshuo.

The fifteenth day of the first month is the Lantern Festival.

3. The birthday of God on the first day of the first month.

On the second day of February, "Spring Dragon Festival" is also called Dragon Head Raising and Qinglong Festival.

May, February 15, Flower Festival

6. Cold Food Festival: The day before Tomb-Sweeping Day.

On the third day of March, the legendary Queen Mother held a flat peach party.

8. Tomb-Sweeping Day: The15th day after the vernal equinox is now generally set on April 5th in the solar calendar.

9. The eighth day of April is Buddha's birthday, which is also called the festival of the ox. After that, the cows will go to the fields.

10, Dragon Boat Festival on the fifth day of May.

1 1, summer solstice festival

12, June 6: sunbathing festival "June 6, sunbathing in red and green." "Aunt's Day" and "June 6th, invite your aunt" are another ancient festivals, which are called "Sunlight", June.

Sixth, it is also a festival of Buddhist temples, which is called the Sutra Festival.

13, July 7th, commonly known as Qixi, July 7th, Beggar's Day.

14 and July 15 are Mid-Autumn Festival, also known as Ghost Festival and Sanda Festival.

15, July 30th "Tibetan Festival"

16, August 15th is the Mid-Autumn Festival.

17, the ninth day of September is the Double Ninth Festival.

18, the first day of October, is called "October Dynasty" and also called "ancestor worship festival".

19,1October 15 is the next yuan festival.

20. Solstice in winter

2 1,1February 8 is Laba Festival.

22. Kitchen Festival: The 23rd day of the twelfth lunar month is the kitchen festival, commonly known as "off-year", also known as off-year, off-year and off-year festival.

23. Except for the day in a year, the last day of the twelfth lunar month is except for the day. Except for the night, it is called New Year's Eve, New Year's Eve, Big Festival Night, Daqing Festival and so on. People call it New Year's Eve and New Year.

Birthdays of several saints:

Guandi's birthday: June 24th.

Birthday of Confucius, the most holy teacher: August 27th.

Master Sage's Birth Date: March 28th.

Lu Ban's birthday: June 13th (the seventh day of May);

Fuxi's birthday: May 13 (the legendary dragon's birthday)

Yandi Shennong's birthday: April 26th.

Huangdi's birthday: the second day of February.

Zhu Gekongming's birthday: July 23rd.

Mencius' birthday: the second day of April.

Yue Fei's birthday; February 15

Laozi's birthday: February 15.

Sakyamuni's birthday: the eighth day of April.

Qu Yuan's birthday: the 21st day of the first month.

Sixth ancestor Huineng's birthday: the eighth day of February

Attachment 1:

Twenty-three/twenty-four sacrificial stoves in the twelfth lunar month

Take a bath on the 27th/28th of the twelfth lunar month.

Lunar New Year's Eve on the 29th.

Sacrifice to the god of wealth on the second day of the first month

Burn the door god paper/Xiaomi's birthday/the third day of the first month of the New Year.

On the fifth day of the first month, it is commonly known as the custom of breaking the Five Dynasties.

On the seventh day of the first month, people also call it People's Victory Day, People's Celebration Day, Population Day and People's Seventh Day.

On the eighth day of the first month, the lower bound of the stars along the line is also called "offering stars" and "receiving stars"

On the tenth day of the first month, on Stone's birthday, "Stone doesn't move" and "Ten doesn't move" mice marry women.

Attachment 2: Other festivals:

"Semiannual Festival" includes June 15, June 14, June 6, June 5 and the first day of June!

Guanyin Birthday: February 19th, June 19th, September 19th, November 19th The belief of Guanyin Bodhisattva has gone beyond the scope of Buddhism. It is a culture, a wish! ! ! !

Every year, March 23rd of the lunar calendar is Mazu's birthday!

On the first day of July, it is usually called the interest gate.

The 25th day of the first lunar month is a traditional festival of sacrifice for Han people in China. Also known as Tiancang Festival and Tiancang Festival, it is a festival to worship God.