The heir to the throne, nicknamed Dou, is the son of Emperor Liu Bei of Zhaolie. In the 24th year of Jian 'an (2 19), Liu Bei was the King of Hanzhong and Liu Chan was the Crown Prince. As the saying goes, "Like a tiger, like a son", in the first year of Zhangwu in Shu Han Dynasty (22 1), the imperial edict that named Liu Chan as a prince wrote: "Prince Zen, I was in troubled times in the Han Dynasty, thieves and ministers usurped power, the country was ownerless, and all the people were upright, and I followed the dawn." Today Zen is the crown prince, and the ancestral temple is the only way to save the country. "
In order to enable his son to shoulder the heavy responsibility of Shu Han, Liu Bei made a lot of preparations for Liu Chan. One of the most important is to regard Zhuge Liang as a minister entrusted to orphans. Moreover, in his will to Liu Chan, Liu Bei said, "Your father's virtue is too thin to be effective. Reading Han Shu, the Book of Rites, and reading the books of philosophers, Liu Tao and Shang Jun in your spare time are beneficial to people's minds. " I heard that the Prime Minister finished writing Shen, Han, Guan Zi and Liu Tao, and died before they were delivered. You can ask Wen Da more. Urge Liu Chan to learn from history and learn how to be a politician.
It can be seen that Liu Bei hopes that his successor is a man who is good at managing politics, and can balance the relations between all parties like Zhuge Liang, so as to make politics beneficial to Shu Han and the royal family in the end. However, what Liu Bei expected in those years did not come true.
In April of the third year of Zhangwu (223), Liu Bei died in Yong 'an Palace, and in May, Liu Chan ascended the throne. However, Liu Chan was only 17 years old at this time. Zhuge Liang was still alive at that time, so even if Liu Chan did nothing, Shu Han was still on the right path.
However, Zhuge Liang's successors, Jiang Wan and Jiang Wei, lagged far behind Zhuge Liang, failing to let Shu Han continue to make great strides and even make trouble in the absence of the emperor. After Zhuge Liang's death, there was a fierce power struggle in Shu Han. The biography of the Three Kingdoms Shu Shu Di Wang records that "Wei Yan, the general of the Western Expedition, and Yang Yi, the prime minister, fought for power and profit and sent troops to attack and defeat."
In this struggle, Liu Chan's final solution was to slay Wei Yan first, then condemn Yang Yi, and then no other measures were taken to reconcile the contradictions between the DPRK and China and stabilize his rule. Later, facing Jiang Wan, Liu Chan just walked away most of the time. During Jiang Wan's several years in power, we can know that Liu Chan participated in Jiang Wan's important policies. Only when Jiang Wan wanted to build a ship and make a northern expedition by water, Liu Chan joined forces with Fei Yi and Jiang Wei to stop Jiang Wan.
And after the death of Jiang Wan, Liu Chan to Jiang Wei, the successor, is even more difficult to control. Jiang Wei inherited Zhuge Liang's will of the Northern Expedition and launched more than ten Northern Expeditions during his reign. At this time, Liu Chan not only failed to notice the decline of the country, but also allowed Jiang Wei to organize the Northern Expedition. Not only that, he also began to favor eunuchs, making Huang a hot "big shot" in the DPRK.
Jing Yao seven years (263, Wei Jingyuan four years), Liu Chan surrendered to Wei, was destroyed. As the king of national subjugation, Liu Chan was taken to Luoyang, the capital of Cao Wei by Wei Jun. Compared with Emperor Chongzhen who committed suicide, Liu Chan was very lucky.
Immediately after Liu Chan arrived in Luoyang, he received such an imperial edict: "The public should respect morality, be honest and clean, be not afraid of being humble, put the love of the world first, calm down and think about it, improvise, and enjoy the rest without boundaries.". Isn't it far? " "Jia and your husband, I have expressed our kindness, using pre-test training, established the country, and followed the old guidelines. I have always been assisted by Fan Wei, and I want to admire you! "
Cao Wei, what does this mean? Generally speaking, it means "praising" Liu Chan's understanding of the times, voluntarily surrendering, and then promising Liu Chan the benefits he can get from Cao Wei. Cao Wei not only promised to let Liu Chan enjoy his salary forever, but also gave him fiefs and allowed him to establish a vassal state. Cao Wei's court even gave Liu Chan a black cow as a sacrifice to his ancestors, and there were countless other treasures.
Not only Liu Chan himself received preferential treatment in Cao Wei, but also many people who followed his family and the old officials of Shu Han in the north developed well in Cao Wei. Among Liu Chan's descendants, three have taken surnames, and more than 50 have been blocked. Even former secretary Fan Jian, assistant minister, Guanglu doctor Qiao Zhou, secretary Ying Zheng, and temple governor were all made vassals of Cao Wei.
In the eyes of many people, Liu Chan is too enterprising to indulge in the prosperity of the north and not think about saving the country. Therefore, the idiom "not enterprising" has been full of people's grief for Liu Chan since it appeared. However, some scholars later believed that Liu Chan's voluntary surrender as a prisoner was actually fighting for the vitality of the original Shu and Han soldiers and civilians. After all, if we continue to fight, the people will suffer.
In fact, we all lack sufficient evidence to prove whether Liu Chan was happy or sacrificed for the people. Compared with Zhuge Liang's achievements, the death of the monarch Liu Chan was indeed his mismanagement. But influenced by Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang for a long time, Liu Chan was not a real fool. It is his own choice to go to Luoyang. And what kind of life to live after that, that is, Cao Wei has the final say, can only go with the flow.