Why did the United States attack Vietnam

With the founding of New China and the formation of the Sino-Soviet alliance, as well as the direct confrontation between China and the United States in the Korean War and China's attack on the Vietnamese national liberation movement Support, the United States is more aware of the actual and potential threats posed by these.

After the Cold War took shape, in addition to actively supporting Japan and "containing" New China in Asia, the United States also turned its attention to the Indochina Peninsula. Indochina not only has an extremely important strategic position and economic value, but Ho Chi Minh, who was extremely influential in the Vietnamese national liberation movement, also had direct ties with the Communist Party. The United States did not want to see the colonial imperial regime controlled by the Soviet Union. replaced by political institutions.

On December 30, 1948, President Truman approved a National Security Council report, Report 48-2. This report firmly established the United States' policy of "preventing further expansion of the Communist Party in Asia." This document recommended that "special attention should be paid to French Indochina."

In 1950 and 1952, from the standpoint of containing communism, the U.S. National Security Council issued the "U.S. Position on Indo-China" and "U.S. Goals and Action Lines in Southeast Asia". , believes that the Indochina conflict is part of the confrontation between East and West and has global significance.

According to the recommendations of these two documents, the United States has the responsibility to take all practical measures in Southeast Asia to support the French in Indochina and prevent the further expansion of the Communist Party in order to protect the security interests of the United States. . In April 1954, U.S. President Eisenhower used the term "domino effect" for the first time at a press conference to explain the necessity of preventing the "fall" of Indochina.

In the 1950s, the characteristics of the Cold War had changed greatly, and a new form - "local war" - had emerged.

The Eisenhower government in the United States decided to provide assistance to Ngo Dinh Diem’s South Vietnamese regime in 1954 to curb the development of North Vietnam. As of August, Eisenhower *** appointed more than 300 people as members of the U.S. Military Assistance Advisory Group in Vietnam. Over the next few years, the U.S. Military Assistance Advisory Group in Vietnam played an important role in training, equipping, and advising South Vietnamese troops.

During the Kennedy administration, the "domino effect" theory was the guiding ideology of the United States' Vietnam policy and the entire Cold War strategy. Kennedy viewed Vietnam as "the pillar, the keystone, the fortress of the free world in Southeast Asia." It is claimed that if the "Red Wave" floods Vietnam, the security of Southeast Asian countries and even India and Japan will be seriously threatened.

During the Johnson period, the U.S. government advocated that intervention and penetration in Indochina, especially Vietnam, should be continuously strengthened. In November 1960, John F. Kennedy was elected as the President of the United States and inherited the policy of intervention in the Vietnam War formulated by Presidents Harry Truman and Eisenhower 10 years ago.

Background

Vietnam was a French colony from 1885 to World War II. During World War II, the Japanese Empire took advantage of France's defeat to occupy French Indochina. The Vichy French colonial government was still operating but its Power was suspended by the local Japanese army. Before the end of World War II in 1945, the Japanese army launched the March 9th Coup to dissolve the French colonial government of Indochina and establish the puppet regime of the Vietnam Empire, with Emperor Bao Dai as emperor, as well as Japanese puppets such as the Kingdom of Cambodia and the Kingdom of Laos.

On August 15, 1945, Japan surrendered and three days after the end of World War II, the Nationalist Army of the Republic of China and the British Army stationed in northern and southern Vietnam respectively to disarm the local Japanese troops. At the end of September 1945, British troops withdrew from southern Vietnam and returned it to its original colonizer, France.

After the Nationalist Army of the Republic of China withdrew from North Vietnam in May 1946, the Viet Minh led by Ho Chi Minh established the "Vietnam Democratic Republic" in Hanoi, northern Vietnam, known as "North Vietnam" in the world. The French took Emperor Bao Dai hostage and established a country in Saigon in the south.

In order to regain control of all of Vietnam, North Vietnam fought a nine-year Franco-Vietnamese War with France and its puppet regime, the State of Vietnam. With the support of the United States, the French army controls major cities such as Saigon and Hanoi, but the vast countryside has fallen into the hands of the Vietnamese communist guerrillas led by Ho Chi Minh.

In 1954, with the military assistance of the People's Republic of China, North Vietnam won a decisive victory over the French army in the Battle of Dien Bien Phu, and France withdrew from northern Vietnam.

After the war, the two sides began peace negotiations. The negotiations were held in Geneva, Switzerland. On July 21, 1954, the United States, the Soviet Union, France, the United Kingdom, the People's Republic of China, North Vietnam, South Vietnam, Cambodia, The nine foreign ministers of Laos reached an agreement called the Geneva Agreement. According to the resolution of the Geneva Conference, North and South Vietnam were temporarily divided along the 17th parallel, with northern Vietnam ruled by Ho Chi Minh and southern Vietnam controlled by Emperor Bao Dai.

The key points of the "Geneva Agreement" are: France withdrew from Vietnam and recognized Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos as independent states; divided North and South Vietnam at the 17th parallel north; North and South Vietnam were neutral countries and were not allowed to compete with each other. It must conclude a military alliance with any country, not import arms, and not be attached to any group country. North and South Vietnam will implement universal suffrage before July 1956, and North and South Vietnam will be reunited through universal suffrage.

According to the provisions of the 1954 Geneva Conference, elections for a unified country were scheduled to be held in July 1956, but this election was not held.

At the same time, the North did not agree to hold elections. Finally, neither the United States nor Vietnam signed the electoral provisions of the agreement. It seems, then, that a divided Vietnam will become the norm, just like a divided Korean Peninsula.

Later only France and North Vietnam signed this agreement. After France withdrew from the three Indo-China countries, in order to prevent the expansion of the communist forces in North Vietnam into South Vietnam, the United States fully supported Wu Dinh Diem in establishing an anti-Japanese regime in South Vietnam and planned to contain the Communist Party. In 1955, Wu Dinh Diem in Saigon A coup was launched to overthrow Emperor Bao Dai and establish the Republic of Vietnam, known as South Vietnam in the world. There is little chance of election under the regime change.

Faced with Western countries once again stationing troops in Vietnam for a long time, North Vietnam, which advocates driving away Western forces, has gained support from communist forces such as the Republic of China and the Soviet Union. The armed conflict seems to be escalating. Unavoidable.

Reference for the above content? Baidu Encyclopedia - Vietnam War

The real Vietnam is too terrible

Vietnam, the full name is "Vietnam Socialist Republic" , Vietnam is a socialist country, historically known to the Chinese as "Annan", and a political power on Vietnamese soil is the "South Vietnam State" established by the Chinese Zhao Tuo. The name Vietnam was also given by Emperor Jiaqing of the Qing Dynasty. It later became a French colony and became an independent country after World War II.

In the impression of many of us, the living conditions in Vietnam are relatively difficult, but in fact Vietnam’s per capita GDP is also relatively high. Especially in recent years, Vietnam’s economy has been developing rapidly, and prices are relatively high. It’s cheap and the Vietnamese people’s happiness index is also very high. Vietnam has become a popular tourist destination for many Chinese people.

The capital of Vietnam is Hanoi. Hanoi has a history of thousands of years and has strong Chinese elements in this city. Vietnamese people also celebrate the Chinese Spring Festival, and many Chinese operas, songs and dances are performed in theaters, streets and other places. Hanoi is also the fashion capital of Vietnam. Vietnamese girl groups who dress coolly will also perform on the streets, which is a welfare for the people of Hanoi.

The largest city in Vietnam is Ho Chi Minh City. Ho Chi Minh City has a population of 12 million and a population density of 4,000 people/square kilometer. This population density is among the highest in China. Ho Chi Minh City has an east-west avenue that runs through the entire city. There is a high-rise outdoor swimming pool in Ho Chi Minh City, and girls in swimsuits can overlook the entire city.

The most popular tourist item in Vietnam now is "street haircut". This haircut method is nicknamed "imperial haircut" in China, and the full range of services is staggering. Most of the barbers in the barber shop are beautiful ladies, and you can enjoy all the services for only about 50 yuan.

After entering the barber shop, the customer will choose one or two barbers to provide services. First, he will lie down on the massage chair. Then the waiter will take off the customer's shoes and wash his hair. Customers have their faces shaved, their ears plucked, finger relaxers done, and more. You can experience this kind of service for only a few dozen yuan. Are you excited?

In terms of food, there is also a special gourmet sandwich in Vietnam. Unlike ordinary sandwiches that use sliced ??bread, Vietnamese sandwiches use long baguettes with lettuce, mint, pork belly, and carrot sticks in the middle. , the soul of this sandwich is to put a lot of spicy millet and hot sauce, one bite will make your mouth hot.

Vietnamese restaurants in the evening are also a beautiful sight. There will be good-looking waiters on the street to introduce their signature dishes. Roast duck rice is a very popular staple food. Crispy roast duck is placed on the noodles, and mixed with Vietnamese long-grain fragrant rice. The feeling is just one word, "flavorful"!

Vietnamese girls also have their own national costume, "Ao Dai". Owning an Ao Dai is the dream of every Vietnamese girl. Ao Dai is somewhat similar to the Chinese cheongsam. When worn, a girl’s body curves will appear, making the whole person look bright and beautiful. If you fall in love with a Vietnamese girl, then give it to her. Let her wear an Ao dai.

After seeing so much, what is your feeling about Vietnam?

Vietnamese tell the truth about the Sino-Vietnam war

China chose to rely on the United States in the late Cold War. Vietnam, the leader of the socialist camp, believed that China was an act of betrayal and launched a provocation. As a result, it was China was defeated. Of course, China also suffered a tragic victory. In the later stages of the war, the Soviet Union stationed millions of troops in the Three Northern Regions of our country, preparing to carry out surgical strikes. The U.S. Emperor secretly reported the news, and Deng Xiaoping promptly withdrew his troops to seek peace, thus reducing the conflict.

China and the Soviet Union were at odds with each other. China established diplomatic relations with Vietnam's enemy the United States in order to fight against the Soviet Union. Vietnam was dissatisfied with leaning to the Soviet Union. It persecuted overseas Chinese in Vietnam, provoked border disputes, and invaded Cambodia, China’s little brother, the Khmer Rouge. China had just gone through the Cultural Revolution. The reform economy was turbulent and the society was unstable. It was necessary to divert public attention. The army's combat effectiveness was declining and it was not motivated to make progress. Coupled with ideological confusion, Deng launched a war in order to kill the arrogance of the army. The United States and China made a deal, and after the war, a large amount of American military aid entered China.

North Vietnam was the rear base during the Vietnam-US War. Aid from China and the Soviet Union passed through the north. At the beginning of the war, Vietnam used China's frugal military aid to attack China. As a result, in the first month of the war, all of northern Vietnam was destroyed, and all industrial equipment and various materials were shipped back to the country. Not even a single room in Liangshan was left and became a no-man's land. One consequence of guerrilla warfare was that the attacked troops took their anger out on civilians. superior.

The difference in strength is too great. China's military districts take turns. Although Vietnam is weak, it has rich experience in guerrilla warfare and special warfare in fighting the United States. China paid a heavy price, with an estimated number of casualties between 100,000 and 200,000. The Vietnamese military and civilian losses should be more than 1 million, and the property losses are countless. That’s why the Vietnamese call the People’s Liberation Army “Chinese devils.”

It is very immature to carefully analyze China's diplomacy from the founding of the People's Republic of China to the Vietnam War. It is indeed a bit difficult for us to build relations with the United States and force Vietnam to join in the anti-Soviet union.

How many people died in China’s war in Vietnam?

China lost 27,000 soldiers in the Vietnam War.

According to "50 Years of the Vietnam People's Army" compiled by the Military History Institute of the Ministry of National Defense of Vietnam, in the battle from February 17 to March 18, 1979, Vietnamese soldiers and civilians destroyed and severely damaged 18 battalions of three Chinese regiments, destroying and destroying 550 military vehicles were damaged and 118 artillery pieces and heavy mortars were destroyed. The Chinese army lost 62,500 people, 280 tanks and armored vehicles, and 118 artillery pieces in the war.

On April 28, 1984, when Laoshan was recaptured, the People's Liberation Army sacrificed 233 people, including 156 people from the main attacking force and 77 people from the assisting force. In the July 12th war, the People's Liberation Army fired 68,000 artillery shells over 85 mm, of which only 18,000 were 130 mm rockets and 12,000 152 mm artillery shells. The Vietnamese army's infantry offensive strength was 17,000, and all the first echelon suffered casualties. The casualties of the second echelon exceeded 2/3.

Extended information:

The number of people who sacrificed their lives in various provinces and cities across the country in the self-defense counterattack against Vietnam in the past 10 years to defend the southern Xinjiang of the motherland. February 17, 1979 - October 13, 1989.

There are about 1,770 martyrs in Guangdong Province, about 1,450 martyrs in Yunnan Province, about 1,424 martyrs in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, about 1,288 martyrs in Hunan Province, about 1,057 martyrs in Guizhou Province, and about 705 martyrs in Sichuan Province. There are about 571 martyrs in Henan Province, 547 martyrs in Hubei Province, and 438 martyrs in Shandong Province.

There are about 380 martyrs in Jiangsu Province, 319 martyrs in Chongqing, 286 martyrs in Jiangxi Province, and 286 martyrs in Fujian Province. There are about 254 martyrs, about 247 martyrs in Anhui Province, about 205 martyrs in Hebei Province, about 189 martyrs in Zhejiang Province, about 97 martyrs in Shaanxi Province, about 71 martyrs in Hainan Province, and about 56 martyrs in Shanxi Province;

There are about 55 martyrs in Shanghai, about 24 martyrs in Gansu Province, about 18 martyrs in Liaoning Province, about 17 martyrs in Beijing, about 11 martyrs in Heilongjiang Province, about 9 martyrs in Jilin Province, and about 9 martyrs in Tianjin. 6 people, about 4 martyrs from the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, and about 3 martyrs from the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region; about 3 martyrs from Qinghai Province, and about 2 martyrs from the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Among them, more than 8,500 people died in the self-defense counterattack in 1979, and more than 25,000 people were injured.

Baidu Encyclopedia - Self-defense and counterattack against Vietnam