1. Cultural common sense

As an ancient civilization with a long history, the rich national traditional festivals are an indispensable part of China culture.

Every festival has its historical origin, wonderful legends, unique tastes and profound mass base. They reflect the traditional habits, moral fashions and religious concepts of the nation, and entrust the vision of the whole nation. They are a happy event in the long distance from generation to generation for thousands of years.

The main traditional festivals in China are Spring Festival, Lantern Festival, Qingming Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Qixi Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, Chongyang Festival, Winter Solstice, Laba and so on. The Spring Festival is the biggest and most lively ancient traditional festival in China.

commonly known as "Chinese New Year". According to the Chinese lunar calendar, the first day of the first month is "the yuan of the year, the yuan of the month, and the yuan of the time", which is the beginning of a year.

Traditional celebrations last from New Year's Eve to the Lantern Festival on the 15th day of the first month. Every New Year's Eve, every family gets together and eats New Year's Eve together, which is called "Year of the League".

during this time, we talked and laughed happily. Then we will celebrate the old age together, catch up with the old and talk about the new, and congratulate and encourage each other.

when the new year comes, firecrackers and fireworks push the festive atmosphere to * * *. In northern China, there is a custom of eating jiaozi at this time, which means "having sex at a younger age".

In the south, there is a habit of eating rice cakes, which symbolizes a better life. Celebrating the Spring Festival couplets, beating gongs and drums, decorating the old and welcoming the new are very lively.

In addition, there are customs of visiting each other to pay New Year's greetings, dancing lions, playing dragon lanterns, performing social fires, visiting flower markets and enjoying lantern festivals. The fifteenth night of the first lunar month is the traditional Lantern Festival in China, also known as Shangyuan Festival and Lantern Festival.

Lantern Festival is held on the fifteenth day of the first month, which pushes the celebration that started on New Year's Eve to another * * *. On the night of Lantern Festival, the streets are decorated with lanterns, and people enjoy lanterns. solve riddles on the lanterns and eating Lantern Festival have become the customs of generations.

The custom of enjoying lanterns on the Lantern Festival began in the Han Dynasty. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, it developed into a grand lantern market.

during the song and yuan dynasties, Kyoto lantern market often stretched for dozens of miles. The time of the Lantern Festival was limited to the eleventh night of the first month in the Han Dynasty, extended to three nights in the Tang Xuanzong, and lasted from the eighth day of the first month to the seventeenth day of the first month in the Ming Dynasty.

acrobatic skills appeared in the lantern festival in the Tang dynasty, and lantern riddles began to appear in the Song dynasty. Opera performances were added in the Ming Dynasty.

The colored lanterns used in the lantern market are also interpreted as "orange lanterns", "silk lanterns", "multicolored sheepskin lanterns", "boneless wheat straw lanterns", "lantern lanterns" and "Kongming lanterns". Lantern riddles, which began in the Southern Song Dynasty, are lively and interesting.

after generations of development and creation, there are more than 1 kinds of puzzles still in use today, such as foundation grid, swing grid, rolling grid, white grid, Xu Feige, and seeking phoenix grid. Most of them have limited formats and ingenious requirements. The custom of eating Yuanxiao on the Lantern Festival began in the Song Dynasty. It is intended to wish the whole family reunion and harmony and happiness in the new year.

yuanxiao can be divided into two types: solid and stuffed. There are five flavors of spicy, sweet, sour and salty.

it can be boiled, fried, fried or steamed. Sweet-scented osmanthus wine makes Yuanxiao, five-flavor Yuanxiao made of meat stuffing, red bean paste, sesame, sweet-scented osmanthus and nuts, and five-spice Yuanxiao made of onion, mustard, garlic, leek and ginger, all have their own characteristics.

Qingming Festival is not only one of the 24 solar terms, but also a traditional festival with a long history. The day before Qingming Festival is called Cold Food Festival.

The two festivals coincide with the spring in March, with bright spring, pink and green, and a thriving atmosphere. The establishment of the Cold Food Festival is to commemorate the intermediary push of the Jin Dynasty in the Spring and Autumn Period that "it is unfair to burn people to death".

during the Qingming cold food period, there are some folk customs, such as forbidding fire and cold food, worshipping ancestors and sweeping graves, and going out for an outing. There are also traditional activities such as swinging, flying kites, tug-of-war, cockfighting, wearing willows, fighting grass and playing ball games.

Make Qingming a poetic festival. The fifth day of the fifth lunar month is the traditional Dragon Boat Festival in China, also known as Duanyang, Chongwu and Duanwu.

as early as the Zhou dynasty, there was a custom of "storing orchids and bathing on May 5th". But many activities of Dragon Boat Festival today are related to commemorating Qu Yuan, a great Chinese writer.

On this day, every household will eat zongzi, and dragon boat races will be held all over the south, all of which are related to mourning Qu Yuan. At the same time, the Dragon Boat Festival is also a "health festival" handed down from ancient times. On this day, people sweep the courtyard, hang mugwort branches, hang calamus, sprinkle realgar water and drink realgar wine to eliminate rot, sterilize and prevent diseases.

these activities also reflect the fine traditions of our nation. The Milky Way, composed of countless stars, stretches across the night sky like a milky way. People say that it separates the passionate cowherd from the weaver girl. Only on the seventh day of July every year can the magpies in the world build a magpie bridge, and they can meet each other.

this wonderful legend began in the Han dynasty, and it has been passed down from generation to generation for more than a thousand years and is deeply rooted in people's hearts. On this day, the people have the custom of begging the weaver girl for cleverness.

generally, it's a game to see who is more ingenious. Therefore, Tanabata is also called Beggar's Day or Daughter's Day.

Every Tanabata is approaching, both Petunia and Weaver Girl go through the night and don't retire until the sun rises. Therefore, it is also called the meeting of husband and wife who leave the world.

On this night, there is also the custom of watching the Tianhe River and praying for a bumper harvest. In some places, there is also a "Young Seedling Meeting". The fifteenth day of the eighth lunar month is the middle of autumn, so it is called the Mid-Autumn Festival.

On the night of Mid-Autumn Festival, besides enjoying the moon, offering sacrifices to the moon and eating moon cakes, there are activities such as dancing grass dragons and building pagodas in some places. In addition to moon cakes, all kinds of seasonal fresh fruits and dried fruits are also delicious food on Mid-Autumn Festival.

On this night, people look up at the bright moon like jade, and naturally look forward to family reunion. Wanderers who are far away from home also take this opportunity to pin their thoughts on their hometown and relatives.

Therefore, Mid-Autumn Festival is also called "Reunion Festival". The golden autumn is refreshing, and the osmanthus fragrance is fragrant. The activities of the Double Ninth Festival on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month are extremely rich, including climbing, enjoying chrysanthemums, drinking chrysanthemum wine, eating Chongyang cake, and inserting dogwood.

The Double Ninth Festival is also the "Festival for the Elderly". On this day, the old people either admire chrysanthemums to cultivate their sentiments or climb mountains to exercise their bodies, which adds infinite fun to the evening scenery in Sang Yu. The winter solstice is a very grand festival in ancient China.

Up to now, the tradition of worshipping ancestors with nine-layer cakes on the winter solstice has been preserved in Taiwan Province, China, to show that we will not forget to change our roots and wish the whole family a reunion. There is a custom of slaughtering sheep and eating jiaozi in the winter solstice in the north, and traditional foods in the south include rice balls and long noodles in the winter solstice.

Laba Festival is a Buddhist festival. This day is the day when Sakyamuni became a Buddha, also known as the "Daoism Festival".

The most important activity on this day is eating Laba porridge. The earliest Laba porridge only added adzuki beans to rice porridge, and later it evolved into extremely complicated and elegant. The main ingredients were dozens of kinds of white rice, yellow rice, glutinous rice, millet, water chestnut rice, etc., and walnuts, almonds, melon seeds, peanuts, pine nuts, raisins, longan meat, lilies, lotus seeds, etc. were added and boiled all night.

2. How can we learn cultural knowledge well

How can we learn scientific and cultural knowledge well? Student days are the golden age of life.

Every young student is eager for success, hoping to become a useful talent and a pillar of society. However, not everyone can get the joy of success.

someone sighs: I was born at the wrong time; Some people feel sorry for themselves: I have no talent. It should be noted that "the sword front comes from sharpening, and the plum blossom fragrance comes from bitter cold."

Only by making vigorous progress and working hard can we become outstanding talents in society. Ideal and pursuit are the driving force of success. The lofty ideal and firm belief are the powerful spiritual pillar and source of strength to overcome difficulties and obstacles and lead to the other side of success.

A person who has no ideal or lofty goal will never pursue or make a difference. Setting a goal for yourself is the premise and starting point of life practice, the general goal of human life activities, which determines the fundamental direction and path of life, the fundamental attitude and value of life.

Youth is the ideal forming period, and it is the key stage to aspire to success. Young students should set lofty aspirations, set up lofty ideals of socialism and * * * productism, and make contributions to the motherland and the people in the struggle to realize their lofty aspirations and lofty ideals.

Nowadays, with the rapid development of market economy, there are more and more ways for young students to become talents in the new century, and the road to life development is wider and wider. At present, the main goals that young students set for themselves are: choosing a career.

most students choose to devote themselves to social practice, and exercise themselves, accumulate experience and cultivate their abilities in social practice. They go deep into the grassroots and all aspects of social life, starting from specific work, and become business backbones and technical experts.

continue your studies. With the arrival of knowledge-based economy, more and more young students feel the importance of mastering knowledge, and there is no end to learning. Now three or four years of study in colleges and universities is really not enough to meet the needs of future social and career development.

for this reason, it has become the goal of many students to choose further education, further education, junior college entrance examination and undergraduate promotion. Start your own business.

Being young, knowledgeable and enterprising is the greatest wealth and capital for young students, and the times also provide an unprecedented new space for young students to start their own businesses. Young students' self-employment has become a hot topic, and many people yearn to start their own businesses or feel in the business world. It can be seen that the goal of young students' success in the new century is multi-faceted, as the saying goes, "the sea is wide and the sky is high and birds fly."

everyone should make plans and preparations for his future, set out from the objective needs of social development, combine his own actual situation, design the goal of success, and knock on the door of success with his wisdom and diligence to realize his ideal. To this end, young students should overcome two bad tendencies: first, they are not clear about their learning goals, do not know why they want to study, or even muddle along and do nothing. When they graduate, they suddenly look back and realize that they have wasted their time and regret it.

Second, you want everything, and you don't have a clear orientation for your life goals and learning goals, and you will accomplish nothing in the end. We firmly believe that the road to success is at your feet as long as you lock in your goals and climb the peak bravely.

Set an example for yourself. Young students should pay attention to learning from all kinds of advanced figures, especially the advanced models of the times and the advanced models around them, so that young people can pursue progress with more specific goals, clearer directions and more energy. Learning with goals and catching up with examples is a process for young students to pursue progress and to keep up with the advanced.

sharpening character is the prerequisite for success. To be a useful person to society, you must first be a person with noble character. Since the reform and opening up, with the ideological liberation, social development and the collision between Chinese and Western cultures, some young students blindly worship the West, pay attention to personal material interests and enjoyment, lack the thought and behavior of hard work and labor creation, and forget the fine traditions of the Chinese nation; The rapid transformation of society has also brought impetuousness and confusion, which is incompatible with the requirements of the times for young people.

"Youth makes the country prosperous, while youth makes the country strong." Young students should always bear in mind the historical responsibilities and expectations entrusted by the state and society, establish a correct world outlook, outlook on life and values, consciously demand themselves with socialist and * * * socialist moral norms, restrain themselves with school rules and regulations, remain politically sober and firm, distinguish right from wrong, and make themselves have a higher ideological realm.

without a firm political stance and a correct political direction, you can't really become a useful person to society. Many young students actively strive for progress, consciously strengthen their self-cultivation, study hard, work hard, actively get close to the party organization, grow into talents under the education and training of the party organization, and play an exemplary role after graduation.

For example, Fu Liping, the deputy monitor of Class 91 Pharmacy (2) in our school, joined the party organization in June 1994 after training and worked in Hainan Provincial People's Hospital after graduation. She worked conscientiously, served as the secretary of the Youth League Committee of the hospital, and attended the 14th National Congress of the Youth League of * * *.

being good at learning is the key to success. The competition in the century is the competition of science and technology, in the final analysis, the competition of talents. The key condition for young students to adapt to the requirements of social development and keep up with the times and social development is to be good at learning.

learning is an important part for young students to lay a solid foundation of knowledge and cultivate their sentiments, and it is also an important way to lead young students to pursue truth and grow into talents. To strengthen the study of political theory, young people are the trendsetter of the times, and to become the favorite of the times, we must first grasp the pulse of the times and grasp the direction of the times, which requires young people to pay attention to strengthening study and exercise, and improve their theoretical level and political consciousness.

This requires three links: First, we should read more books, especially Marxist principles, * * * thoughts, * * theories and classic theoretical works at home and abroad. Second, we should pay attention to current events, politics and a series of major events in society, and be good at observing, thinking and analyzing and sizing up the situation.

Third, we should have a deep understanding of the Party's principles and policies and the background of their promulgation. Only when young students understand the national conditions, the party situation and the league situation can they find the right direction and coordinate of their efforts.

We should strengthen the study of modern scientific and technological knowledge. Nowadays, many new knowledge, new concepts and new information come into our lives. Young people in this era must arm their minds with modern scientific and technological knowledge.

Young students should further enhance their sense of urgency in learning and work hard with indomitable spirit.

3. Knowledge of poetry culture

Overview of the history of China's poetry development: China's poetry was born before the invention of writing, and it was gradually formed and developed in people's labor, singing and dancing.

The Book of Songs is a collection of poems from the 11th century BC to the 6th century BC, and it is also the first collection of poems in China, with 35 pieces. According to different music, it can be divided into three categories: wind, elegance and ode. "Ode" poems are music songs for the rulers to sacrifice, including those for ancestors, mountains and rivers, and farmers.

"elegance" can be divided into elegance and elegance, both of which are used for banquet ceremonies, and the content is mainly to praise former heroes and satirize current politics. "Wind" is the essence of The Book of Songs, which includes folk songs from 15 places.

in the 4th century BC, Chu in the Warring States period gave birth to the great poet Qu Yuan with its unique cultural foundation and the influence of northern culture. Qu Yuan and Song Yu, who were deeply influenced by him, created a new poetic style.

Qu Yuan's Lisao is an outstanding masterpiece of Chu Ci. Chuci developed the form of poetry.

It broke the four-word form of The Book of Songs, and developed from three or four words to five or seven words. In terms of creative methods, Chu Ci absorbed the romantic spirit of myth and opened up the creative road of romanticism in China literature.

after the book of songs and the songs of Chu, a new form of poetry appeared in the Han dynasty, that is, the folk songs of Han Yuefu. There are more than 1 folk songs in Han Yuefu, many of which are written in five-character form. Later, the intentional imitation of the literati became the main form of poetry in Wei and Jin Dynasties.

The famous chapters in the Han Yuefu include Enlisting in the Army in the Fifteenth Five-Year Plan, Mo Shang Sang and Yu Lin Lang, which reveal the war disaster. Of course, the most famous is the long narrative poem Peacock Flying Southeast. This poem tells a sad love story.

Jiao Zhongqing and Liu Lanzhi were deeply in love, and they broke up because of Jiao Mu's persecution with the Liu family, which led to the human tragedy in where will you go. The most important artistic feature of Han Yuefu folk songs is their narrative.