Born in the fifth year of Xianchun in the Southern Song Dynasty (1269).
The appearance of Pingjiang Road in Changshu: Fourteen years from Yuan Dynasty to Zheng Zheng (1354).
Shaojiquan School in Chishan, Changshu, Hangzhou: Quanzhen Road? Huang (1269-1354) is a famous painter and painting theorist in China14th century, and also a Quanzhen Taoist. He is a Taoist priest and a big idiot. He was born in Changshu, Pingjiang (now Changshu City, Jiangsu Province). According to Records of Zhong Sicheng, Huang was born in Qinchuan, Gusu (now Yushan Town, Changshu City). When he was young, he adopted Huang Weizi in Yongjia (now Yongjia County, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province). It is said that when the 90-year-old Huangfu got this son as heir, he said with emotion, "Huang Wang Gong, long time no see. Therefore, it was named "Wang Gong" and "Zijiu". I studied as a child prodigy and worked as a small official. I was involved in the Zhang Lu case and went to jail. After I got out of prison, I retired and became a Taoist. Dong Yuan and Ju Ran, the landscape paintings of patriarchal clan system, gave birth to their own styles. Creating a shallow crimson landscape, with a beautiful style, simple and lively, has a great influence on landscape painting in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Later generations called him "Yuan Sijia" with Zhenwu, Wang Meng and Ni Zan.
Directory 1 Life 1. 1 Li Xian 1.2 Relationship with Quanzhen Daoism 1.3 Abandoning human feelings 1.4 Two famous paintings of personality and thought 2. 1 Fuchun Shan Jutu 2.2 Jiu Feng Snowflake 2.3. .4 "Water Pavilion Static Map" 3 Reference materials have been constitutional officials all his life. In the book "A New Story of Mountain Residence", officials in the Yuan Dynasty mentioned that Huang was "talented and ambitious", but he never had the opportunity to be an official. In the 28th year of Zhiyuan (129 1), Yan Xu appreciated Wang Gong's talent and was appointed as the secretary of the administrative office. Chen Shan's Annals of Hangzhou records that "a cheap trip to western Zhejiang from the end of Yuan Dynasty to the beginning of Yuan Dynasty made Yan Xu a bookkeeper, but he didn't give up for a long time". In the third year of high school (13 1 1), Huang got a chance to work again and was appointed as a bookkeeper by Lv Zhang, a political figure in Pingzhang and Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. A year later, Zhang Lu went to Beijing to be an official in Pingzhang, Zhongshu Province, and Huang also went to Beijing to serve as a bookkeeper in the court under Yushitai. In the first year of Yanyou (13 14), Huang was appointed as the magistrate of western Zhejiang, but was convicted for "taking charge of farmland". Later, Shangshu Province was promoted to supervise imperial academy. Unfortunately, due to disagreement with local strongmen, some people used Zhang Lu to confiscate private land, which led Huang to spend several years in prison and he was almost killed. From then on, Huang stopped asking about politics, traveled all over the famous mountains and rivers, and indulged himself in the rivers and lakes.
Relationship with Quanzhen Sect Huang joined Quanzhen Sect in his sixties and became a Taoist priest. Quanzhen Taoism advocates returning to nature, which has a far-reaching influence on his thought. Due to the in-laws relationship between Taoist and Confucian scholars at that time, Quanzhen believers "like to travel with literati" and become "lonely friends" with Confucian scholars. Several friends who have frequent contacts, such as Zhang Yu, Fang, Ni Zhaokui, etc., have become Quanzhen believers. Huang later became a teacher with Jin Yueyan. He also praised Jin Yueyan's portrait, saying that "all scholars refuse to learn, only teachers are the wind", which shows Huang's respect for teachers. Huang became friends with many famous Taoist priests in Yuan Dynasty, such as Mo and Leng, and paid for poems and wine. According to "Painting History Book", Huang knew all about "Nine-stream Learning" and opened "Three Classrooms" in Wendeqiao, Suzhou, to publicize the teachings of Quanzhen religion and accept heckling from others. Shen Zhou, a great painter in the Ming Dynasty, said: "People with three religions and nine streams are confused and ask difficult questions. During the debate, the wind is relaxed and eloquent." The collection of orthodox Taoism in Ming Dynasty contains three classics of Inner alchemy compiled by Jin Yueyan and passed down by Huang:
The whole truth of Mr. Wang: One volume is entitled "A compilation of authentic Jin Yueyan and a biography of Huang Dazhi who is foolish". Bao Zi San Feng for the Old: A volume entitled "Black Spring Authentic Jin Yueyan Edited, Black Spring Authentic Huang Chuan". "Three Secrets of Keeping Letters": A volume with attached drawings is entitled "Authentic Jin Yueyan of Black Spring and Authentic Biography of Yellow Spring". When abandoned Huang was in prison, his friend Yang wrote a poem to him: "When we meet again in Wujiang, we will have a boat and get drunk." . "This influence made Huang have the idea of retiring from the world. After he was released from prison, Huang traveled around, mainly in wuyue, and successively visited Changshu, Wuxi, Songjiang, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Huzhou, Jiaxing, Shaoxing and Fuyang. I once lived in Songjiang, selling hexagrams for a living and often entertaining myself with poetry and wine. He also interacted with Wang Meng, Ni Zan and Wang Yuan, and cooperated in poetry and painting. In his later years, he returned to Changshu County, Hangzhou with the idea of Quanzhen Daoism, lived in seclusion in Shaojiquan at the foot of Chishan Mountain, and traveled back and forth to Wumen, where he sang poetry, painted pictures and sang with painting friends and poets. His inner life is cold and calm. In the 14th year of Zheng Zheng (1354), Huang was buried in his hometown of Yushan. Today, there are yellow tombstones, tombs and memorial archways in Yushan, which were repaired in the Qing Dynasty.
Personality and Thought Huang is a talented artist with profound knowledge. He is proficient in regular script, intimate method and ancient prose. He often enjoys the victory of nature in Yushan, Sancha, Fuchun and other places, and writes essays when he meets good times. Wang also wrote Huang: "It is mainly plain and naive, and sometimes gambling is noble and noble, just like scattered snow, so it is rich and colorful." The paragraphs are elegant and smart, and the style of writing is chic. There is a cat's life looming in them. "That is to say, the hope of the public is not only to win by plain, but also to have an elegant and beautiful career. Despite the hardships of life, Wang Gong has always maintained a frank, humorous and unrestrained personality. Huang's hatred for people who are morally corrupt and have low personality has won people's praise. Huang in his later years was more open-minded and romantic. It is recorded in Changshu County Records: "I used to enrich my mind with poetry and wine. After selling for a day, I lay in Liang Shi, drank the mountain water, then threw it into the water and left. "In" A Brief Introduction to Painting Gardens in the Sea ",there is a specific description:" I disembarked on a moonlit night, went out of the West Gate, followed the mountains to the Lake Bridge, tied wine with a long rope at the stern, returned to the boat, and reached the tomb of Qi Nv, holding the rope, clapping and laughing, shaking the valley, making people think it was a fairy cloud. "His painting style is influenced by Zhao Mengfu. He studied under Dong Yuan and Ju Ran, and occasionally under Hao Jing, Guan Tong and Li Cheng. In his later years, he changed his style and became his own family. Many works have been handed down, such as Fuchun Shan Jutu, Jiu Feng Yukime, Yushu in Ya Dan, Stone Cliff in Tianchi, Meaning of Shan Yu in Xiaoxi, Visiting Daitu in Tunxi, Fuchun Daling and so on. It has a great influence on landscape painting in Ming and Qing dynasties, and many works are used as models for learning. In addition, he also summed up his predecessors' and his own experience in landscape painting creation, and wrote "Writing Landscape Tactics", which made an incisive exposition on the pen and ink, color setting, layout, structure and strangeness of landscape painting, and was regarded as the true biography of landscape painting theory of Nanzong, which had a far-reaching impact on the creation and theory of landscape painting in Ming and Qing Dynasties. This article is included in Tao's "Dropping out of Farming" in Ming Dynasty.
The famous painter Huang began to pay attention to landscape painting in his later years. Tang Di, a painter in Yuan Dynasty, recorded in Coral with Iron Nets: "A Taoist peak must learn painting in his later years, and his landscape must be refined". Judging from his paintings, he is described as the most famous painter in Yuan Dynasty. Since the 4th year of Zhiyuan (1338), Huang has published more than 80 works. Huang's landscape painting is mainly based on ink and shallow latitude, with novel pen and ink, which successfully shows the landscape scenery. It was praised by later generations as the founder of "shallow latitude landscape" and also commented that "the bees are thick and the vegetation is lush".
Fuchun is Huang's most famous landscape painting, and it is also a masterpiece of the Ming and Qing painters. The work describes the early autumn scenery of Huang's seclusion in Fuchunjiang, Zhejiang Province in his later years. It was painted by a 72-year-old useless teacher for three or four years. The Fuchun River water in his works presents a quiet and peaceful atmosphere. The mountains on both sides of the river are continuous, and the trees on the hillside are gray and dense. Villages, pavilions and small bridges are scattered in the meantime, and there are flying springs and lush trees in the depths of the western hills. It is called one of the "Top Ten Famous Paintings in China" because of its elegant ink, proper landscape arrangement, light, dry and varied ink color. The earliest copy of Fuchun Shan Jutu is Shen Zhou. Collectors have paid a lot of money from Yuan Dynasty to Zhengqi, and collectors either regard it as a treasure or keep it secret. This painting has experienced great praise and vicissitudes. In the seventh year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty (1650), he suffered the misfortune of "being martyred by fire", and from then on, his art was completely damaged. The former "Yushan Map" is now in the Zhejiang Museum, while the latter "Useless Teacher Volume" is now in the National Palace Museum in Taipei.
Snowfall Map of Jiu Feng was made in the 9th year of Yuan Dynasty (1349), when Huang was 8 1 year old. The nine famous Taoist mountains in Songjiang area in the south of the Yangtze River are all painted by freehand brushwork, and they are collectively called "Jiu Feng", which shows Huang's true worship of Taoism. The picture shows standing in the old days, layers of rock bees rising and frozen trees bleak, showing the cold mountain scenery in the dead of winter. The mountain love in the picture is pure in ink and light in ink. Water and sky are rendered in thick ink, setting off the scenery of snow-capped mountains. Small trees in the mountains are sketched with fine pens, with trunks like "bamboo roots" and branches like "flower whiskers". The novel is novel in structure, balanced in plain danger and distinct in levels, which is a masterpiece of Huang's integration of simplicity and complexity. It is now in the Palace Museum in Beijing.
This picture depicts the beautiful scenery of Tianchi in Yushan Scenic Area, Changshu, Jiangsu Province. The middle layers of the painting are stacked, with mountains and peaks, thousands of rocks and valleys, long pines and miscellaneous trees, which are orderly and intricate, showing the beautiful face of the stone wall of Tianchi. Tianchi is at the top right of the picture, with water trees on it, and stone walls on both sides are opposite. Trees can be seen at the foot of the mountain, and several houses are scattered among them. The two big trees on the lower left stand loosely. Mountain streams and springs converge into a pool. Build a water tree bridge over the pool. The composition is complex and the pen container is used, and the pen and ink are rich and colorful. People call Tianchi Mountain "secluded", and this painting shows itself. Light ochre is often used in the picture, dyed deep blue and dark green, showing seclusion in the mountains. The whole picture is misty and magnificent, and it is a masterpiece of yellow, pale and crimson landscapes. It is now in the Palace Museum in Beijing.
The painting "Quiet Map of Shui Ge" depicts a quiet scene of a quiet mountain residence. The scenery is separated by clouds and air, which can be divided into two parts: far and near. Close-up depicts a mountain stream flowing from a dense forest in the distance. On both sides of the stream, the slopes are green, the trees are forest, and the trees are lush. Between the valleys, there are clouds, and in the future, a main peak stands, with low peaks on both sides protected, and the platform on the top of the mountain stretches forward, echoing the scenery far and near. This brushwork is different from other typical works of Huang. In addition to the outline of the rock and the trees in the house, the brushwork of dragging and rubbing is mostly used for the texture of the rock, which adds a relaxed and graceful temperament to the picture. This painting has concise scenery, open and generous artistic conception, dignified and muddy posture, and is full of simple and natural interest. Now it's in Nanjing Museum.
The map of Jiu Feng and Yukime. Stone wall map of Tianchi Lake. The tranquil picture of Shui Ge. Fuchun Shan Jutu.