1. Korean culture and etiquette 1 Kimchi is a kind of culture! Kimchi is pickled with cabbage, red pepper sauce and anchovy sauce. It tastes hot and sour. Koreans love kimchi, and every meal is inseparable from kimchi. Kimchi is a symbol of Korean culture: it tastes strong and unique, and it has some arrogant and provocative feelings. Some foreign tourists can't stand the taste of kimchi, but if you can eat kimchi, you will win the sincere respect of local people. 2 Take off your shoes! You must take off your shoes when you visit a Korean family. It is very impolite not to take off your shoes. Koreans can't live without the floor. They sit on the floor and often sleep on it. Koreans can't stand dirty floors at home. If foreign tourists enter their living room wearing shoes, they will think that these westerners are a group of uncivilized barbarians. 3 Korean shochu! Korea has its own wine culture. One kind of wine that the whole people must drink is shochu. Korean shochu is a kind of wine with transparent color and similar taste to vodka. Koreans drink shochu in small glasses, usually with food. They are very busy drinking, often clinking glasses, making various toasts loudly, and then gulping them down. At night, you will often see a group of people stumbling in the street singing karaoke, laughing, singing and arguing about something. Koreans also have many drinking rules. For example, you must never pour wine only for yourself, or when you pour wine for someone older than you, you must put a hand on your heart or the arm to show respect. 4 rice! Like the Japanese, Koreans eat rice for almost every meal. Rice is also a part of their culture. In Korea, one of the common greetings is "Did you eat rice today?" . But unlike the Japanese, Koreans eat rice with spoons, and they never eat with bowls. Similarly, you can't stick chopsticks in rice, because you only do this when toasting the dead. 5. Don't laugh! Koreans are warm and generous, but you can't see this in public. Sometimes, on the streets of South Korea, you can see many people with sad faces or grim expressions. However, children are the exception. They always grin and shout "Hello! Hello! " . Watch your elbow! Korea is a crowded country. The terrain is mountainous, and only a few valleys and plains are available for people to live in. In such a country, the result can be imagined. Many people are crowded into a small space. In order to catch the bus, take the elevator or buy favorite food at the farmer's market, pushing and shoving is common. You don't even need to say "I'm sorry", but you should pay attention to older women. 7 protest! In order to become a democratic society, Koreans have made a lot of hard efforts. Now, they often exercise their right to protest and enjoy it. In fact, Koreans frequently protest on all issues in the political field and have devoted great enthusiasm to it. 8 hiking! Korea is a mountainous country, so hiking is the best pastime for the people of the whole country. Even in the most crowded city, there are several mountains that can keep people away from the noise of the city and get a moment's peace. On the mountain, Koreans also showed their best. They greet you with a smile and often insist on sharing their food and drinks with you. When passing by a small hotel on the mountain, be sure to come in for a seafood pancake and a glass of rice wine. 9 dog meat! Yes, although the government tried to close some restaurants selling dog broth to improve South Korea's "international image", some Koreans do eat dog meat. Koreans mainly eat dog meat in summer, and most of them are men. It is said that eating dog meat can improve energy 10 nationalism! Koreans are a group of very proud people, and sometimes this pride will turn into fanatical nationalism. When watching some sports events, you can feel this nationalism: thousands of Korean fans cheer for their national team in unison, beating gongs and drums and waving flags. Second, Japanese etiquette and culture Japan National Day 65438+ October 1? New Year's Day 65438+ the second week of October? Adult Day February 1 1? March 23rd, the anniversary of the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC)? Equinox on April 29th? Green Day, May 3rd? Constitution Day on May 4th? National Day on May 5th? July 20th, donation day? September 15? Respect for the elderly on September 23? Equinox 65438+ 10 Monday, the second week of sports festival165438+10.3? Cultural Festival165438+1October 23rd? Thank you for your hard work. June 65438+February 23rd? Emperor's birthday, August 15? Kasahara Festival 165438+ 10/0/5? Here on July 53 (の), I want to make it clear that Japan's National Day is not permanent. For example, the adult festival before 2000 was set at 65438+ 10/5, and later it was changed to the current date (I think of the autumnal equinox and vernal equinox when I talk about it). Festivals like this are similar to Tomb-Sweeping Day in China. People think odd numbers are auspicious numbers, so they use 7, 5 and 3 as numbers. The three major festivals in Japan are 1. Matsuri, Gion, Kyoto, is a ceremony of Yasaka Shrine held from July/KLOC-0 to 29 every year, which originated at the end of the ninth century. In order to pray and expel the plague, on the night of 16, the old families in the town put up colored lights, green curtains, mats, flowers and screens under the eaves to add luster to the festival. The full moon festival in Osaka is held from July 24th to 25th every year. It is famous for its unique water memorial ceremony, also known as "Tenjin Matsuri". 3. Tokyo Yamada Festival is held from June 13 to June 14 every year. There is a Japanese branch shrine in Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, which is the memorial service of this shrine. The Japanese gift-giving habit is 1. When giving gifts, the Japanese usually give odd numbers to show good luck and avoid even numbers. 2. After receiving gifts, Japanese people usually give back gifts, such as accepting money and goods from others at the funeral, and then giving back gifts with fairly average value afterwards. After receiving wedding gifts, they will give gifts of general value back to their superiors or people of the same status, and give gifts of the same value back to people below themselves. In addition, after the wedding ceremony, gifts are usually returned impromptu with "best wishes" written on them. When visiting patients or seeing off passengers, the income of money and gifts sent is recorded one by one. If the same thing happens to the giver, the receiver must return it. 3. When Japanese give gifts (except victims and visiting patients), it is customary to add colored paper ropes and gift labels to the wrapping paper. For example, for wedding gifts, they should write congratulations on the gift labels, such as entrance gifts. It says "Congratulations on entering a higher school". When visiting patients, attending funerals or going to condolences due to natural disasters or man-made disasters, colored paper ropes and gift labels are not needed, but unused high-grade paper (called "book supply") is used instead of red and white. In the book, the words "watching dance in the Forbidden City" should be written. If it is a fire, write down the words "Watch the dance by the fire". The Japanese gift-giving habit is deeply rooted, except for visiting, getting married, giving birth and British etiquette and culture. The full name of Britain is "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland".

Britain is an archipelago country in western Europe, with an area of 254,000 square kilometers and a population of 56.5 million, of which 83% are English. The main religions are Protestantism and Roman Catholicism. London, the capital, is called "the foggy city of the world". Sometimes the fog will last for several days. I can't hear anything a few steps away.

At present, the British government implements a constitutional monarchy and a cabinet system of responsibility. Congress is divided into two houses. Members of the House of Commons are elected by the people for a term of five years. The upper house consists of hereditary or feudal nobles, priests or social elites. In addition, the Cabinet holds political power, and its members are nominated by the Prime Minister and appointed with the consent of the King. In addition, the Prime Minister is the majority leader of the House of Commons and has the right to dissolve and re-elect the House of Commons. When there are no children, the throne is inherited by the eldest daughter. The current king is Elizabeth II.

Britain is called "the factory of the world". Britain is the earliest industrialized country in the world. By 1850, British industrial production accounts for 39% of the world's total output, and the trade volume accounts for 2 1% of the world's trade volume, ranking 1 in the world. The total output of coal and steel accounts for more than half of the world total output.

At present, Britain is the fourth largest trading country in the world, a country that relies on foreign trade to develop its own economy, and one of the largest importers of industrial raw materials and food in the world.

British national identity is closely related to its cultural background. Britain's economy developed earlier. In the eyes of most foreigners, the British are "pretentious, lofty" and "inaccessible". However, in fact, this is not entirely the case. They are good at understanding each other and others. No matter what you do, you always try not to leave a bad impression. Gentleman demeanor can be seen everywhere. They know how to create a harmonious environment so that everyone can live in harmony and happiness. A strong sense of occupation is another major feature of the British. If you choose a career, you must constantly improve your business. In business communication, they attach importance to friendship, do not deliberately pursue material things, and do not attach importance to each other. This is a common style. For business negotiations, they often don't make full preparations and pay attention to details, which seems a bit hasty. But British businessmen are kind, friendly and easy to get along with. Therefore, the problems encountered are also easy to solve. They are sociable, resourceful, flexible and quick to respond to constructive suggestions. In Britain, "appearance is everything". When dealing with the British, you should try to avoid showing your feelings. Be sure to thank you for your warm hospitality and write to express your gratitude afterwards, which will attract more attention. Giving small gifts can enhance friendship. To do business in Britain, you must keep your promise, and you must go all out to fulfill your promise.

British customs are rich and colorful. When we first meet, we usually hold hands as gifts, unlike Eastern Europeans who often hug each other. It is considered impolite to slap a guest casually, even after official business. There are some taboos that British people should pay attention to. For example, they never walk under a ladder, don't carry an umbrella in the house, never put their shoes on the table and decorate them with portraits.

British people pay great attention to clothes, and clothes should be different from time to time. They often judge people by their appearance, and their appearance and attitude should be paid special attention to. British people pay attention to clothes, and they must dress neatly as soon as they go out. Although the British have lost their former glory, they are particularly conceited. People in the upper and middle classes have developed the traditional manners of "gentlemen" and "ladies" because they live a comfortable life. But they are old-fashioned, usually keen on sticking to the rules and being reserved and solemn. Ordinary families like old furniture, old furniture and old clocks handed down from generations and show them off. There are many "century-old shops" in the capital London. The more famous the shops, the more complete the original style or layout. Although the car engine has been replaced with a new model, the model should be kept the same as before. There are two post offices in London, which are open day and night 365 days a year and never rest. It is said that they are preserved according to the ancient English tradition.

English people are withdrawn, rigid in life, conscientious in work, uninterested in foreign affairs, usually reticent, cautious about new things, and have a unique calm humor. They are reserved and indifferent, and their feelings are not revealed. Even if there are very sad things, they often don't show them. They seldom lose their temper, are patient and don't want to have unnecessary arguments with others. The British are very patient. Under no circumstances will they show anxiety.

English people are very polite to others and speak politely. The words "thank you" and "please" never leave their mouths. Speak politely to English people, whether they are waiters or drivers. Please be polite when asking them to do something, and don't make people feel that you are condescending, or you may get a cold shoulder. The British respect women. In Britain, the social atmosphere of "ladies first" is very strong. If you walk, let the lady go first. Take the elevator to make women progress. When taking buses and trams, let the ladies get on first. Pour wine for the hostess or hostess first. When walking in the street, men should go outside to avoid danger and protect women from harm. Husbands usually participate in various social activities with their wives, and they are always used to introducing their wives to distinguished guests first. According to British business etiquette, it is recommended to wear a three-piece suit and a traditional conservative tie at any time, but don't wear a striped tie, because the British will associate it with the old "legion" or the old school uniform tie. The British have a strong sense of time. When they meet or discuss business, they must make an appointment in advance. Punctuality is very important. It is best to arrive a few minutes in advance. Their way of getting along is punctuality and keeping promises.

British celebrities still follow traditional habits and should avoid using the word "English" to mean "Englishman". If you meet two businessmen, one is Scottish or Welsh, and you say he is English, then he will correct you by saying he is Scottish or Welsh? Quot should use the word "Britain". We should be cautious when talking about business. Shake hands when meeting for the first time or on special occasions, or when expressing approval and congratulations. In Britain, it is not popular to invite each other to breakfast to discuss business. Generally speaking, their lunch is relatively simple and they pay more attention to dinner, which is regarded as dinner.

Therefore, major banquets are held at dinner. When visiting an Englishman's home, you'd better bring some low-value gifts, because if you don't spend much, you won't be suspected of bribery. Gifts generally include: high-grade chocolates, famous wines, flowers, especially folk handicrafts with national characteristics in China, which they particularly appreciate. Not interested in souvenirs marked by the guest company. In Britain, clothes, soap and other items are too personal, so people generally don't need to give them away. Chrysanthemums are only used for Halloween or funerals in any European country, and are generally not suitable for giving away. White lilies symbolize death in Britain and should not be given away. Other flowers can be given away. Potted plants are usually delivered after the banquet. If you are invited to someone's home, you need to pay attention to this. If it is a social occasion, not a business, it is impolite to arrive early. The hostess should prepare it for you. If you go early, she will be embarrassed if she is not ready. It is better to arrive late 10 minutes. The habits of the British and our country are very different in accepting gifts. They often open gifts in front of guests, and the host will give warm praise and thanks regardless of the value or practicality of the gifts. Scotch whisky is a popular gift, but strong whisky is not.

British businessmen generally don't like being invited to banquets at home. Most parties are held in hotels and restaurants. In a sense, English banquets are mainly frugal. They hate wasteful people. For example, if you want to make tea and treat guests, if there are three guests, you must only boil three servings of water. England is very particular about drinking tea. People from all walks of life like to drink tea, especially women are addicted to tea. British people also have the habit of drinking afternoon tea, that is, at 3-4 o'clock in the afternoon, they put down their work, drink a cup of black tea, and sometimes have a snack to rest for a quarter of an hour. This is called "tea break". The host often invites you to have afternoon tea with him. In this case, you don't have to refuse Smoking is generally not allowed at formal banquets. It is considered impolite to smoke while eating.

In Britain, inviting each other to lunch, dinner, drinking in a bar or watching a play or ballet will be regarded as giving a gift. For the drinks provided by the host, it is advisable for the guests to drink no more than 3 cups. If they think they are full, they can quickly turn the empty cup to the host, which means they are full. Thank you. The bar's business hours are generally from 1 1 to 3: 00 pm and from 5: 30 pm to1/p.m. In a bar, there are usually many people who want to drink. At rush hour, later guests don't have seats, so they just buy snacks and stand and drink.

British businessmen responded positively to constructive suggestions. Dress appropriately and talk about style. When attending a banquet or party, you are used to wearing a black dress. Your clothes and pants must be very hot. Pay attention to some taboos when visiting Britain: avoid talking about personal affairs, family affairs, weddings and funerals, age, occupation, income and religion. Due to religious reasons, they are very jealous of the number "13" and think it is an unlucky number. Try to avoid using the number "13" in daily life. 13 is not allowed to sit at the same table when eating. If 13 is Friday, it is considered doubly unlucky. You can't show "two" with your hands out. This "V" gesture is a hostile act of contempt for others. When walking in the street, pay attention to traffic safety, and all vehicles drive on the left. Commercial activities are most suitable from February to June and from mid-September to165438+1October. It is best not to go around Christmas and Easter for two weeks. There is a bank spring break (Pentecost) festival in Britain, which is in June (the first weekend); The bank summer season in August (last weekend). Safe drinking water. Free medical care in Britain is no exception, even if foreigners who come to Britain suffer from acute diseases temporarily.

Fourth, French etiquette France is a civilized and polite country. Being polite to women is a tradition that the French are proud of. The most common greeting in France is to shake hands. However, when shaking hands, first, don't hold hands for too long, and second, there is no need to shake hands with others. Generally speaking, women reach out to men first, and old people reach out to young people first. The superior gives a helping hand to the subordinate first.

kiss

France was the first country to recognize kissing as an expression of love. French kissing has strict boundaries: when they meet relatives, friends and colleagues who meet after a long separation, they will stick them on their faces or cheeks, while the elders will kiss their foreheads to commemorate the younger generation. Only between lovers will they kiss or kiss.

marriage customs

Getting engaged before marriage is a simple ceremony. Usually, the woman's parents invite the man's parents, brothers and sisters, or invite other relatives or even one or two friends to attend. The wedding has been gradually simplified, but it is still the most solemn family festival, with solemn and sacred colors. The wedding was presided over by the mayor or one of his deputies. Weddings are usually held on Tuesdays, Thursdays, Fridays and Saturdays from 9 am to 5 pm. Guests after the wedding banquet. In some parts of rural France, property engagement should be signed and notarized before marriage. The engagement shall specify all the property of the unmarried couple, the dowry of the fiancee and the inheritance of the fiance. Wedding anniversary has become a holiday custom. Women can remarry after being widowed for 300 days or separated from their husbands for 300 days, while men have no time limit.

Pentecost (the seventh Sunday after Easter)

Every year 1 65438+1October1Pentecost is equivalent to Tomb-Sweeping Day in China. The French are used to paying homage to the cemetery on this day and remembering the martyrs who died for their country. Saint Catherine's Day is a festival for "old women" in Paris. Every year, on165438+1October 25th, unmarried girls over the age of 25 present a bunch of flowers in front of the statue of Katrina, then go to a big fashion shop to dance and drink, and finally choose the most beautiful girl as the queen of the festival.

eating habits

The French regard cooking as an art, and French cuisine is really popular all over the world. In France, three meals a day are usually arranged like this. Breakfast: bread, coffee, hot chocolate; Lunch: Lunch is the most important meal in France, usually around one o'clock in the afternoon and dinner after nine o'clock. Social dinners in France usually last more than two hours, starting with appetizers, followed by fish or pasta, and then the main course. The main course is also served with a lot of lettuce, salad, cheese, fruit and sometimes dessert, and coffee after dinner is also essential.

social etiquette

Compared with the British and Germans, the French communicate with people in different ways. Mainly has the following characteristics:

First, I am sociable and sociable. For the French, socialization is an important part of life, and life without social activities is unimaginable.

Second, humor is naturally romantic. Most of them are enthusiastic in interpersonal communication. People who are good at eloquence, people who are good at joking, people who hate not talking, and people who can't accept frowning. Influenced by traditional culture, French people not only love adventure, but also like romantic experience.

Third, the desire for freedom and poor discipline. The French are the most famous "liberals" in the world. "Freedom, equality and fraternity" is not only defined by the French Constitution as a national motto, but also clearly written on the national emblem. Although they attach importance to the legal system, their overall discipline is poor, and they don't like to take collective action against the French. Appointments must be made in advance and on time, but they should also be prepared in advance for possible lateness.

Fourth, strong self-esteem and preference for "domestic products". France is world-famous for its fashion, food and art. Under this influence, the French have a strong sense of national pride and pride. In their view, everything in the world is the best in France. When talking with French people, if you can speak a few words of French, it will definitely make them enthusiastic.

Fifth, chivalry and respect for women. In interpersonal communication, the etiquette adopted by the French mainly includes shaking hands, hugging and kissing.

② dress etiquette.

The French people are famous for their exquisite clothes and decorations. The so-called "Paris style" has the same meaning as fashion and fashion in the ears of the world.

On formal occasions: French people usually wear suits, dresses or gowns, which are mostly blue, gray or black in color and mostly made of pure wool.

When attending the celebration ceremony: you usually wear a formal dress. Most men wear evening dresses or black suits with bows; Most of the dresses worn by women are dress-style monochrome big dresses or small dresses.

For dressing up, the French believe that the key lies in whether the collocation is correct. When choosing hairstyles, handbags, hats, shoes, watches and glasses, they all emphasize the need to coordinate with their clothes.

③ Catering etiquette

As one of the three famous cooking kingdoms in the world, the French are very particular about food. Among western food, French food can be said to be the most exquisite.

French people love pasta, and there are many kinds of bread. Most of them like cheese; In terms of meat, they like to eat beef, pork, chicken, caviar and foie gras, and don't eat fat meat, pets, viscera of animals other than liver, scaleless fish and biting fish.

The French are particularly good at drinking. They drink almost every meal, and they pay attention to matching different dishes with different kinds of drinks at the dinner table. Besides drinks, French people usually like to drink raw water and coffee.

When the French eat, they are allowed to put their hands on the table, but they are not allowed to put their elbows on the table. When they put down their knives and forks, they are used to putting them half on the plate and half on the table.

④ Custom taboo

The national flower of France is iris. Chrysanthemums, peonies, roses, rhododendrons, daffodils, marigold and paper flowers should not be given to the French at will.

The national bird of France is a rooster. They think this is a direct manifestation of courage and tenacity.

The national stone of France is pearl.

Most French people like blue, white and red, and the colors they are afraid of are mainly yellow and dark green.

The numbers that the French are afraid of are "13" and "Friday".

In interpersonal communication, the French attach great importance to gifts, but they also have their own special precautions. Articles with artistic taste and commemorative significance should be selected, and knives, swords, scissors, tableware or articles with obvious advertising signs should not be used. It is also inappropriate for a man to send perfume to a woman with an average relationship. It is impolite to accept a gift without opening the package in front of the giver.