[1] Coronation: In ancient times, a man was crowned at the age of 20, which showed that he had reached adulthood. This means twenty years old.

[2] Xianda: a prestigious predecessor.

[3] Word: Word and face.

[4] aid doubts: ask difficult questions. Quality: Questioning the truth.

[5] negative basket (qiè) dragging basket (xǐ): lifting the book box and pulling shoes.

[6] chapped skin (jūn): frozen skin.

[7] Yi (yΡ ng) Man: This refers to the maid. Soup: Hot water. Officer: Wash your hands at once.

[8] Reverse tourism: guest houses and hotels.

[9] ugly: refers to the sachet.

[10] Ye Ran: radiant.

[11] yù n robe: a robe lined with messy old wadding.

[12] Offering food and clothing means enjoying food and clothing.

Mao Lao: refers to old age. The ancients called seventy years old Mao Lao, or eighty or ninety years old Mao Lao, when Song Lian was sixty-nine.

[14] Gentleman: This refers to people with official positions.

Affix: Affix. The following is the meaning of following.

[16] imperial academy: the highest institution of learning in ancient China, which was called imperial academy in the Ming Dynasty. The old name is used here.

[17] County Decree: This refers to the imperial court. Shao Lei: Schleswig, that is, the cost of food.

[18] Teacher and Doctor: Teacher imperial academy and Dr. imperial academy are both instructors.

Liu Dai: Peer.

[20] Yudu: Song Lian became an official in Hongwu for ten years, and went to Nanjing to appear before the emperor the following year.

[2 1] Write: Same as "write". Long book: long letter. Lu: Meeting ceremony.

[22] Yi: Ping.

[23] Prosperity of opportunity: It is called a good encounter. This refers to the official position.

[24] Master: A knowledgeable teacher. Shuo, Da.

[25] So: Therefore.

[26] Go: Get

question

1. What is the center of this article? How is the article elaborated?

Clear: See blackboard design.

(Commentary: This article is mainly narrative, with appropriate rendering and description, concise brushwork, flying literary talent and flowing charm. Especially in the first paragraph, I asked the master celebrities for advice. Narration and description of "leaning over the ear, being willing to be rude and self-cultivation"; How can you complain about being fat by Qi embroidery in the second paragraph? The book is full of teachers, and the comparison between the two shows that "the book is full of teachers, but they are not proficient in their careers", which leads to the conclusion that "they are not proficient in their careers, unsuccessful in morality, and have no inferiority complex, so they are not expert in their hearts and others are too embarrassed". This kind of writing is more exciting, so students must guide them to taste carefully when studying. )

2. Fill in the omitted parts in the following paragraphs.

First, Delong looked at the statue, and his disciples crowded his room. He is never vague in his speech. Immediately around, (1) helped the suspect, (2) leaned down and asked; Or meet him, () the more respectful and polite, dare not say a word; As soon as you are happy, () please.

Clear: First of all, more, more, more, more.

(explanation: this question can test students' understanding and perception. )

3. The author comes from a poor family, loves learning, enjoys forgetting his worries, and is respectful in front of the teacher, afraid to speak. How should contemporary middle school students view this learning attitude and participation?

arouse

The road to study is difficult and bumpy. Only if you are not afraid of difficulties, have the courage to explore, have perseverance and perseverance, can you succeed in your studies. Diligent study is the foundation of success.

The key to success in learning lies in subjective efforts.

translate

I like reading since I was a child. The family is poor and can't get books, so they often borrow books from people who have books, copy them with their own pens, and calculate the agreed date to return them on time. When the weather is particularly cold, the ink in the inkstone pool forms solid ice, and the fingers can't bend and stretch, and they dare not relax. Return the book as soon as possible after copying, and dare not exceed the agreed time limit slightly. Therefore, people are more willing to lend me books, so I can see all kinds of books. As an adult, I admire the theory of ancient sages more, but I'm afraid I didn't interact with masters and celebrities. I once ran hundreds of miles away with a scripture and asked my fellow villagers for advice from my predecessors with moral knowledge. The old man is highly respected, and the students who asked him for advice crowded the room. He never softens his words and expressions. I stood by and waited, asking questions, asking the truth, bending down, pricking up my ears and asking him for advice; Sometimes when I meet his reprimand, my expression is more deferential, my behavior is more thoughtful, and I dare not say a word; When he was happy, he went to consult again. So although I am stupid, I can finally gain something. When I was a teacher studying, I dragged my shoes with my book box on my back in the deep mountain valley. I didn't know that the skin on my feet was frozen and cracked during the festival in late winter. When I arrived at the hostel, my limbs were stiff and I couldn't move. The waiter brought me hot water to wash my hands and feet and covered me with a quilt. It took a long time to warm up. Living in a hostel, I only eat two meals a day, and there is nothing fresh to eat. My classmates who live with me are all wearing gorgeous clothes, hats decorated with red tassels and jewels, white jade rings around their waists, knives on their left and sachets on their right, all shining like immortals. I live among them in rags, and I don't envy them at all, because I have enough happiness in my heart, and I don't think I enjoy food and clothing less than others. This is probably the case with my diligence and hard work when I was studying.

Now, although I am old and have no achievements, fortunately, I am still among gentlemen, bearing the honor of the son of heaven, following the emperor every day, waiting for inquiries, and praising my name inappropriately in the world, not to mention people who can surpass me?

Now these students are studying in imperial academy, the government provides meals every day, and their parents send winter clothes and summer clothes every year, so they don't have to worry about freezing and hunger. Sitting in a big and spacious house reading "poems" and "books", there is no fatigue of running around; Some teachers and doctors don't ask right and wrong, and they can't get knowledge; All the books should be concentrated here, so that I don't have to copy them myself as before, and I can borrow them from others before I see them. If they are (still) not proficient in their studies and (still) lack virtue, (then) it is not that (his) intelligence is low, but that (his) thoughts are not as concentrated as mine. Is it someone else's fault?

On the other hand, Dongyang Ma has been studying in imperial academy for two years, and his peers highly praise his virtue. When I went to the capital to see the emperor, Ma Sheng met me as a junior compatriot and wrote a long letter as a gift. His words are fluent and easy to understand, and he argues with him in gentle language and humility. He himself said that he was very diligent and hardworking when he was a teenager, and he was an excellent learner! He will go home to meet his parents, and I specifically told him about my study difficulties. If I encourage the villagers to study hard, that is my ambition; If you slander me, brag about my experience and be proud in front of my hometown, do you know me?