Italy

1. Introduction

Turin [1] is the third largest city in Italy, one of the major industrial centers, and the capital of Piedmont. It is located in the upper valley of the Po River, 243 meters above sea level. The population is approximately 1.035 million. The winters are warm and the summers are hot, with an annual precipitation of about 1,000 mm. There is more precipitation in winter and spring, and there are many valley winds. And because one-third of Italy's chocolate manufacturing factories are located in Piedmont, this ancient city is known as the sweetest place in Italy and enjoys the reputation of the Chocolate Capital. Each chocolate shop has its own unique techniques for making chocolate and cocoa paste. The most classic ones are Gianduja and Pralina Sandwich Chocolate. Turin hosted the 2006 Turin Winter Olympics.

After World War II, the industry developed rapidly, and it is especially famous for its automobile manufacturing industry. It is now one of the largest industrial centers in the country, with many large modern enterprises. Italy's Auto City is also the largest automobile production base in Europe, accounting for 90% of the country's output. Fiat Automobile's output ranks first in the country. Based on the cheap hydropower in the Alps, the focus is on the development of technology-intensive industries, including engines, machine tools, electronics, electrical appliances, chemistry, bearings, aircraft, precision instruments, meters, and the arms industry. During World War II, it was an important arms manufacturing center for Italy and Germany. The electric power steelmaking industry is relatively developed. The nearby city of Ivrea is a production center for typewriters and electronic computers. Rubber, paper, leather, printing and other industries are important. It is famous for its chocolate and various wines.

Turin has developed transportation and is a transportation hub leading to Mont Blanc (the border between France and Italy) and the Great Saint Bernard Tunnel (the border between Italy and Switzerland). There are railways and roads connecting major cities in the country as well as Lyon, Nice and Monaco in France. There is an international airport and a heliport. An ancient city of culture and art. There are many squares in the city, as well as many Renaissance art collections and architectural monuments. There are the Church of San Giovanni Battista, the Church of Valdensian, etc., as well as luxurious palaces. There are many parks along the left bank of the Po River. There are history and art museums. There are also the University of Turin founded in 1405, a number of science and engineering colleges and universities, the National Conservatory of Music Joseph Fudi, and a modern science and technology research and experimental center.

[Edit this paragraph] 2. History

Turin was founded during the Roman Empire and was a strategic military location. It was an autonomous city-state during the Middle Ages and Renaissance. In 1720, it became the capital of the Kingdom of Sardinia. Occupied by France during the Napoleonic Wars. It was the capital of the Kingdom of Italy from 1861 to 1865. At the end of the 19th century, it became an important light industry center in the northwest. Its historic center preserves a large number of classical and Baroque buildings, and hosts countless festivals and celebrations throughout the year. Turin is also an important economic town and commercial center in northern Italy. In 1889, Giovanni Agnelli founded the Fiat Company in Turin. The quiet streets of this city also deeply attracted the philosopher Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (Nietzsche) and the great prophet Nostradamus (Nostradamus), and the mystery of the Shroud of Jesus has fascinated countless people. Fascinated by it.

[Edit this paragraph] 3. Culture

Turin’s past and history began with the Savoy Dynasty. Turin is the most beautiful city, but it is famous for being difficult to travel to. An Italian city that perfectly combines antiquity with modernity, Turin is imbued with a strong European spirit and is surrounded by an atmosphere of balance between Nordic and Mediterranean civilizations. In this unique urban atmosphere, hidden in its Romanesque origins, for several centuries (twelfth to nineteenth centuries) it was the central city of the dukes and later the territory of the Kingdom of Savoy , where one can see museums, palaces, monuments and churches, stroll under the city's many kilometers of arches, and visit colonnades made of shimmering glass (some of its traditional historical shops date back to the eighteenth century, they Among the regulars (including many celebrities such as the late former Fiat president Agnelli), they taste ancient coffee, immerse themselves in the nostalgic atmosphere, and enjoy the famous food here.

Today, however, the main reason people come to Turin is to work. After arriving at Turin's Porta Fontana train station, not far away is the historical and cultural center. Here, one can easily find places like the Mole Antonelliana (the highest point in the city, now home to the Cinema Museum), the elegant San Carlo Square, Piazza Castro ( Places of interest such as Castello and Vittorio Veneto, visit the rich collection of the Egyptian Museum, the Savoy Family Gallery, the Royal Arms Collection, and the Museum of the Dukes of Abruzzi, among others. A very rare and unique collection; another is the Duomo Church of Turin built in 1491 and a replica of the famous painting "The Last Supper" in the church. There is also the unique artillery museum in Italy, which was excavated beneath the city's defensive structure and demolished after 1860.

Turin also has ancient churches and palaces rich in art treasures. The Guarini Chapel in the Turin Cathedral was destroyed by fire at the end of the world. It retains the sheets that wrapped the body of Jesus (the famous Turin Shroud), the Royal Palace and Harem, Valentino Park and the banks of the Po River, which flows along a green hill through the ancient city.

Due to Turin's convenient geographical location, it is very convenient for people to go hiking in the Valle Aosta section of the Alps. It has a pleasant climate all year round, beautiful scenery, and a strong historical and artistic atmosphere. If you have the opportunity to wander among the vineyards of Langhe or Monferrato, it will be an unforgettable experience, especially if you can eat and taste the delicious food there If you drink wine, the feeling is simply wonderful. Don't forget to visit the beautiful and majestic historic centers such as those of Saluzzo and Chieri, or visit their artistic monuments such as the monastery of Staffarda. Some other places worth visiting include the Monviso valley and the valleys surrounding Turin (Lanzo and Susa), as well as the pre-Alpine lake of Novarese (Lake Orta and Lake Maggiore). The glorious harmony of nature and art is perhaps unique in Valsesia, where the plains lead to the Mente Rosa rock face.