China is the hometown and origin of tea. In China, tea is known as "national drink". China people are familiar with tea, from emperors and princes, literati and hundred schools of thought, to porters selling bamboo, and ordinary people, all take tea as a good thing. "Seven treasures of literati, Qin, chess, calligraphy, painting, poetry, wine and tea", tea is the carrier of Chinese traditional culture and art.
The tea culture originated from the idea that Confucianism actively joined the WTO. During the Jin Dynasty and the Northern Dynasties, some discerning politicians put forward the idea of "keeping honesty with tea" to counter the extravagance at that time. Since the Wei and Jin Dynasties, there have been riots in the world, and the literati have no way to rectify the world, which has gradually become a light wind. These people talk all day long, and there must be something to add to the fun, so they have more banquets, so the initial light family has more drinkers. Such as: seven sages of bamboo forest. Later, the light wind developed to ordinary literati, but after all, only a few people can drink hard all day long and stay awake, while Chaze can drink for a long time, so light scholars turned to good tea. So many tea men appeared in the later period.
China tea culture is a unique cultural model and norm that has evolved over thousands of years. It is a multi-ethnic, multi-social structure and multi-level cultural integration system. China tea culture is extensive and profound, including China's politics, economy, society, life and other aspects, involving China's philosophy, sociology, literature and art, religion and other disciplines.
After a long history, China tea culture has all the cultural codes in front of us. Since the publication of China and the first Book of Tea in the world, up to now, according to incomplete statistics, there are 124 kinds of ancient tea books known in China, which are dazzling and beautiful. Among them, there are both theoretical monographs with difficult contents and popular reading materials that are easy to understand; There are not only rigorous and practical scientific and technological books, but also fascinating cultural books; There are not only systematic and comprehensive comprehensive works, but also a special discussion on a certain matter. A larger number of tea culture classics are scattered in various collections, collections, single-line documents, poems, essays, novels, operas and other styles, and even tea books are hard to match. The long footprint of China tea culture has been printed between the lines of China's pre-Qin classics. Although these sporadic records, due to the changes of the times, the change of words and the different understanding, have also caused controversy in academic circles. However, the Tea Classic written by Lu Yu in the Tang Dynasty, which was unanimously praised by experts and scholars and had an unshakable position in the world tea history, was a nod to the tea affairs in the pre-Qin period. After the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the records about tea events gradually increased, especially about the differences in tea drinking customs between the North and the South. The anecdotes that people pursued when drinking tea had more cultural meaning and value.
The Tang Dynasty, with its magnificent bearing and grand stage, is the period of finalizing the ancient books and documents of tea culture in China.
The Tang Dynasty became the period when the ancient books and documents of tea culture were finalized, which was marked by the publication of Tea Classics written by Lu Yu in the middle of the Tang Dynasty, and the first monograph on tea science was published in China and even in the world. There are different opinions about the time when the Book of Tea Classic was written, but most scholars believe that it was engraved in the first year of Tang Jianzhong (781 AD). The book * * * has three volumes and ten chapters, only more than 7,111 words, but it comprehensively and systematically summarizes the knowledge and experience about tea in the Tang Dynasty and before, vividly and concretely describes the production, tasting and tea affairs of tea, and deepens and improves the deep aesthetic and cultural connotation of tea drinking. After Lu Yu, tea books appeared in the Tang Dynasty, but most of them were on a special topic. In addition, articles about tea are constantly appearing. It is worth noting that Tang poetry, as a generation of literature, also incorporates more tea culture content and reflects a broader picture of life. Not only Lu Yu, Jiao Ran, Lu Tong and other lifelong tea lovers have many tea poems, but also great literary poets such as Li Bai, Bai Juyi and Pi Rixiu have famous tea poems handed down from generation to generation. This lingering wind affects the future.
The following is our group's understanding and analysis of tea:
1. Definition of tea culture Tea is a product of labor and a drink. Tea culture takes tea as the carrier, and spreads various cultures through this carrier. It is the organic integration of tea and culture, which contains and embodies the material civilization and spiritual civilization in a certain period.
second, the connotation of tea culture tea culture is an integral part of Chinese traditional excellent culture, and its content is very rich, involving science and technology education, culture and art, medical care, historical archaeology, economy and trade, catering and tourism, press and publication and other disciplines and industries. Including tea monographs, tea periodicals, tea and poetry, tea and songs and dances, tea and novels, tea and art, tea and weddings, tea and sacrifices, tea and Zen, tea and couplets, tea and proverbs, tea stories, tea drinking customs, tea performances, ceramic tea sets, tea houses, brewing techniques, tea treatment of tea, tea Expo and tea tourism.
Third, the history of tea culture system: the origin, discovery and utilization of tea, the formation, development, evolution, characteristics and manifestations of tea culture;
sociology of tea culture: the influence of tea culture on all aspects of society, the role of social development and progress on tea culture and the relationship between all social strata and tea culture;
Tea-drinking folklore: history and modernity, tea-drinking customs in various regions and ethnic groups, cities and rural areas;
Aesthetics of tea: the shape design of finished tea, the name of famous tea, the design of tea packaging and advertising, etc.
Tea culture communication: international and domestic seminars, tea culture exhibitions, tea performances, children's tea art, tea history and culture exhibitions and tea tourism; Tea culture functionalism: tea culture resources, characteristics, historical tea culture and tea culture in the new period, tea culture function, tea culture's role in modern society and spiritual civilization construction, etc.
fourth, the historical characteristics of tea culture: the formation and development of tea culture has a very long history. Tea has been used as a tribute to the king of Wu. In the later period of primitive commune, tea became an exchange of goods. In the Warring States period, tea had a certain scale. Tea is recorded in the Book of Songs in the pre-Qin period.
in the Han dynasty, tea became a special tonic for Buddhist meditation. In Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, there was a trend of drinking tea. In the Sui Dynasty, the whole people generally drank tea. In the Tang Dynasty, the tea industry was prosperous, and tea became "indispensable for others", and teahouses, tea banquets and tea parties appeared, encouraging guests to worship tea. In Song Dynasty, fighting tea, tribute tea and gift tea were popular.
in the Qing dynasty, Quyi entered the teahouse, and the foreign trade of tea developed. Tea culture was born with the appearance of commodity economy and the formation of urban culture. In history, tea culture paid attention to cultural ideology, focusing on elegance, focusing on expressing poetry, calligraphy and painting, drinking tea, singing and dancing. In its formation and development, tea culture has melted the philosophical colors of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism, and has evolved into the customs of all ethnic groups, becoming an integral part of excellent traditional culture and a unique cultural model.
times: the development of material civilization and spiritual civilization has injected new connotation and vitality into tea culture. In this new period, the connotation and expression forms of tea culture are constantly expanding, extending, innovating and developing. In the new era, tea culture has been integrated into the essence of modern science and technology, modern news media and market economy, which has made the value function of tea culture more remarkable and further enhanced its role in modern society. The consciousness that the value of tea is the core of tea culture has been further established, and international exchanges have become increasingly frequent. In the new period, the forms of tea culture communication are large-scale, modern, socialized and internationalized. Its connotation has expanded rapidly and its influence has expanded, attracting worldwide attention.
Nationality: All ethnic groups love drinking tea. Tea is combined with national cultural life, forming tea ceremony, tea ceremony, tea-drinking custom and festive wedding with their own national characteristics. Based on the way of ethnic tea drinking, the ethnic tea art formed by artistic processing and tempering is more life-like and cultural, showing the diversity and colorful life interest of drinking tea. Tibetan, Tujia, Wa, Lahu, Naxi, Kazak, Xibe, Baoan, Achang, Bulang, De 'ang, Jino, Salar, Bai, Kemi and Yugur, and other teas and festive weddings, also fully display the nationality of tea culture.
regionality: famous teas, famous mountains, famous waters, celebrities, places of interest, and local tea culture with its own characteristics. China has a vast area, a wide variety of teas, different tea drinking customs, and differences in history, culture, life and economy, which form tea culture with local characteristics. In the big cities with economic and cultural centers, with its unique advantages and rich connotations, it also forms a unique urban tea culture. Since 1994, Shanghai has held four consecutive international tea culture festivals, showing the characteristics and charm of urban tea culture.
Internationality: The ancient Chinese traditional tea culture combined with the history, culture, economy and culture of various countries has evolved into English tea culture, Japanese tea culture, Korean tea culture, Russian tea culture and Moroccan tea culture. In Britain, drinking tea has become a part of life, which is a kind of etiquette for the British to show their gentlemanly style, and it is also an essential procedure in the life of the Queen of England and a necessary ritual in major social activities. Japanese tea ceremony originated in China. Japanese tea ceremony has a strong Japanese national flavor, and forms a unique tea ceremony system, genre and etiquette. Koreans believe that tea culture is the root of Korean national culture, and May 24th is the National Tea Day every year. China tea culture is the cradle of tea culture in various countries. Tea people don't care about national boundaries, races and beliefs. Tea culture can unite tea people all over the world to discuss tea art, academic exchanges and economic and trade negotiations.
5. The social functions of tea culture are mainly manifested in carrying forward traditional virtues, displaying culture and art, cultivating self-cultivation, cultivating sentiment, promoting national unity, showing social progress and developing economy and trade. Traditional virtue is a beautiful morality that has been accumulated for thousands of years and respected by people of all ages, and it is the embodiment of national spirit and social fashion. The traditions of tea culture mainly include loving the motherland, selfless dedication, perseverance, modesty and courtesy, diligence and thrift, mutual respect and mutual accommodation. Mr. Wu Juenong and Hunan Liu Xianhe have devoted themselves to the cause of tea. They are both patriots and outstanding representatives of contemporary tea people.
There are five main functions of tea culture in modern society:
First, tea culture takes morality as the center, attaches importance to people's group value, advocates selfless dedication, and opposes profit-seeking and mercenary. Advocating that righteousness is more important than benefit, paying attention to coordinating the relationship between people, advocating respect for people, and paying attention to cultivating students and morality are conducive to balancing people's mentality, solving modern people's mental confusion and improving people's cultural quality;
Second, tea culture is a good friend to meet the challenges of life. In the fierce social competition and market competition, intense work, entertainment, complicated interpersonal relationships and various kinds of pressure attached to people are not light. Participating in tea culture can relax the spirit and body and mind to meet the challenges of life, and the role of Hong Kong teahouse is very significant.
thirdly, it is conducive to the construction of community civilization. The economy has gone up, but the culture can't lag behind, the social atmosphere can't be dirty, and the morality can't be decadent and ugly. The spread of tea culture after the reform and opening up shows that tea culture has the function of changing unfair consumption activities, creating spiritual civilization and promoting social progress;
Fourth, it plays an obvious role in improving people's quality of life and enriching cultural life. Tea culture is knowledgeable, interesting and recreational. Tasting famous tea, tea sets and refreshments and watching tea-folk tea art all give people a beautiful enjoyment.
the fifth is to promote openness and international cultural exchanges. The International Tea Culture Festival was held in Zhabei District of Shanghai for four consecutive years, which expanded the visibility of Zhabei District at home and abroad. Four teams in Zhabei District decided that the Tea Culture Festival should be held all the time and invested in the construction of tea culture attractions in Zhabei Park, with a view to building a tea culture grand view garden.
Today, with the increasing attention paid to tea culture in China, the increasing activities of tea culture in China and the growing spread of tea culture in China, it is inevitable to make an absolute judgment of "either good or evil" or a so-called dialectical judgment of "both advantages and disadvantages" for tea culture classics. Once culture is accumulated in words, it contains the rational factors of universal appeal beyond time and space. The same is true of tea culture classics, and its full significance and value cannot be defined by the judgment of a certain frame in a certain period. Therefore, what we affirm may be exactly what our predecessors denied, and what we despise today may be admired by us in the future.
in the vast history of Chinese civilization, the flow of China tea culture classics is wide and narrow, urgent and slow. However, we make a long-distance pursuit, not only for mourning, not only for nostalgia, but also for today and the future. Stepping on the end of the 21th century and the beginning of the next century, this kind of meditation we have is derived from this sense of historical mission.
history is coming to today, and today is going to the future!
the benefits of tea culture will eventually spread all over the world!
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