Xiang Yu's name is Yu. His grandfather Xiang Yan was a general of Chu and his uncle Xiang Liang. In Historical Records of Xiang Yu's Biography, Xiang Yu said: "He is more than eight feet long, capable of carrying the tripod and outstanding in talent, although all the children of Wuzhong are afraid of it." When Xiang Yu was young, his uncle asked him to study, but he didn't, so he learned martial arts, but he didn't, so his uncle asked him to learn the art of war. Historical Records Biography of Xiang Yu: "When Xiang Ji was young, he couldn't learn books, and he couldn't learn swords. Xiang Liang was furious. The book says,' The book is enough to register the surname, but the sword is one enemy, and it is not enough to learn, so learn from ten thousand enemies.' So Xiang Liang was taught the art of war. Later, when Qin Shihuang went on a trip, Xiang Yu couldn't help but say, "I will replace him sooner or later." "Historical Records of Xiang Yu": "Emperor Qin Shihuang traveled to Huiji and crossed Zhejiang, and Liang and his family were both concerned. Ji yue:' he can take the place of it.' "(instead) after the uprisings in Chen Sheng and Wu Guang at the end of the Qin Dynasty, Xiang Liang arose in Huiji, because Xiang Yu's uncle was the leader, so Xiang Yu had a certain position at the age of 24. Later, Chen Sheng died unfortunately, and Xiang Liang took Fan Zeng's advice and made Chu Huaiwang's grandson Chu Huaiwang. The reason is that "although there are three Chu families, Qin will die" (three Qin families died), which gained the power of public opinion. At this time, Liu Bang also defected, and Xiang Liang was one of the most powerful anti-Qin armed forces at that time.

Later, Xiang Liang was killed by Zhang Han, the general of Qin Jun, and the Chu army was defeated. Then Zhang Han defeated the Qi army, and cooperated with the Great Wall Corps guarding the Great Wall led by Wang Li at that time to besiege Handan, Zhao Wang fled to Julu. At this time, all the anti-Qin governors went to save Zhao, but they were afraid of Qin Jun, so they all waited from afar and dared not attack. "Historical Records of Xiang Yu": "The vassal army saved more than ten walls from the giant deer, so don't dare to fight. When Chu attacked Qin, all the generals looked from the wall. " (On the sidelines) At this time, Chu Huaiwang ordered Song Yi and Xiang Yu to rescue Zhao, and Liu Bang went west to Xianyang. Xiang Yu killed Song Yi and led 5, soldiers. Xiang Yu led all the troops to cross the Zhanghe River, sank all the ships, smashed all the pots and bowls, burned all the barracks, and only brought three days' dry food to show the foot soldiers that they must fight to the death, with no return. Historical Records Biography of Xiang Yu: "Xiang Yu was informed that when he led his troops to cross the river, they all sank their boats, broke their cauldrons, burned their houses, and held three rations to show that their soldiers would die, and none of them would return their hearts." (cross the rubicon) With 5, soldiers, Zhang Han's 2,-strong army was greatly promoted. Only then did all the governors dare to come and fight, but Wang Li was captured alive. This is the famous Battle of the Giant Deer. Later, Zhang Han surrendered to Xiang Yu.

After this battle, Xiang Yu became the leader of various governors who opposed Qin. Historical Records of Xiang Yu's Biography: "Chu soldiers all regard themselves as scholars, Chu soldiers call for action, and vassal troops are all afraid." So Qin Jun was broken, and Xiang Yu summoned the governors and generals, and entered Yuanmen. Without exception, he went on his knees and did not dare to look up. Xiang Yu began as a vassal general, and all the vassals belonged to Yan. " Xiang Yu marched westward into Xianyang, but Liu Bangjun, who had already entered Hangu Pass, kept him out of the customs. So Xiang Yu was angry and wanted to kill Liu Bang, but because of Xiang Bo's persuasion, he had the Hongmen banquet. So there are the following idioms: "Rushing to the crown and cracking the canthus" (Fan Kuai), "I am a fish", "Xiang Zhuang's sword-dancing" and "Shoulder-to-shoulder fighting" (Fan Kuai). After Liu Bang returned to the camp, he killed Cao Wushang and welcomed Xiang Yu into Xianyang.

before entering Xianyang, Xiang Yu was afraid of the rebellion of 2, Qin Jun surrendered by Zhang Han, and buried all the 2, surrendered troops alive. Because Chu was destroyed by Qin, Xiang Yu's grandfather Xiang Yan was killed by Wang Jian, the general of Qin, and Xiang Yu's uncle Xiang Liang was killed by Zhang Han, the general of Qin, so he hated Qin especially. After he entered Xianyang, he slaughtered Xianyang City, killed Zi Ying and burned Epang Palace. At this time, a man came to give Xiang Yu advice, saying that the Guanzhong terrain is dangerous, easy to defend but difficult to attack, and the land is fertile. If you want to dominate, you must build your capital in Guanzhong, this place. Xiang Yu looked at Xianyang's mess and missed his hometown, so he did not agree. Historical Records Biography of Xiang Yu: "(Xiang Wang) said:' Wealth does not return to hometown, like clothes embroidered at night, who knows!' After going out, the man muttered that the Chu people were big monkeys with hats. Records of the Historian Xiang Yu's Biography: "People say that the Chu people are crowned with monkeys, and sure enough." As a result, Xiang Yu knew, "cook it."

Xiang Yu promoted Chu Huaiwang to be the righteous emperor, and put him on the air (later he said that he would move the capital to the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, force the righteous emperor to go to the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, and then kill him). And then enfeoffed the princes. Xiang Yu called himself the overlord of the West Chu and enfeoffed the eighteen princes. At this point, Xiang Yu's Historical Records: "In three years, he wiped out the five princes and divided the world, and sealed the princes, and the government came out with the title of' overlord'." In fact, Xiang Yu was faced with three choices at this time: the first was to choose Wang Ye of the Zhou Emperor; The second is to choose the emperor industry of Qin Shihuang as the emperor; The third one chose the hegemony in the Spring and Autumn Period and became the overlord. At this time, Xiang Yu chose the third kind, thinking about it and being a vassal overlord.

However, Xiang Yu's enfeoffment had a big problem, which laid the foundation for his own failure in the future.

First of all, he wrongly sealed four people: the first person was Liu Bang. Although he also took some precautions against Liu Bang, he sealed Liu Bang as Hanwang, and the fief was in Bashu, which is today's Sichuan, where Ba is in the east and Shu is in the west. However, under Xiang Bo's persuasion, Hanzhong, south of the Qinling Mountains, was also given to Liu Bang for nothing. Since then, Liu Bang and Guanzhong were separated by only one Qinling Mountain, which provided convenience for Liu Bang to attack Guanzhong later. Then he wrongly sealed three kings of Qin, namely, three Qin Jun generals who surrendered from Qin Jun, Zhang Han, Sima Xin and Dong Kun. Among them, Zhang Han should be the king, and Zhang Han led Qin Jun's main force of 2, to surrender, which reduced the resistance against Qin. However, Sima Xin (who saved Xiang Liang) and Dong Kun, who had no contribution in the struggle against Qin, should not have been sealed. At the same time, the fiefs of the three of them also had problems, sealing them to the original Qin Guanzhong. Xiang Yu's original idea was to rule Qin by Qin, but because Xiang Yu buried 2, troops alive and slaughtered so many people in Xianyang, Qin people were all malicious Xiang Yu and surrendered to Zhang Han of Xiang Yu, so the rule of the three kings of Qin in Guanzhong was not smooth.

Secondly, Xiang Yu made the king, but lost three people: Tian Rong, Peng Yue and Chen Yu. Tian Rong, in particular, at the beginning of the Great Uprising at the end of the Qin Dynasty, Tian Rong's cousin Tian Wei was the first to rise up against the Qin Dynasty, and he pacified the whole Qi territory and called himself the King of Qi. Later, Zhang Han killed Tian Yun and surrounded Tian Rong. At this time, Xiang Liang sent troops to solve the problem, but at this moment, something happened in Qi. It was when Tian Rong was besieged that the people of Qi made a royal heir named Tian Fake as Qi Wang. After Tian Rong was cleared, he returned to Qi, and he was very dissatisfied with this matter, so he made Tian Shi, the son of Li Tianxian, the king of Qi. Tian went to Xiang Liang under the guise of Tian Rong. Xiang Liang was ready to fight Zhang Han after knowing Tian Rong's encirclement. At this time, he asked Tian Rong to lead troops to attack Zhang Han. Tian Rong said, you can fight, but you killed me the field leave, and Xiang Liang refused, so the two turned against each other. When Xiang Yu made a king, he hated Tian Rong, so he didn't make him a king. It was because Tian Rong was not made king that Xiang Yu finished making king in April of the first year of Han Dynasty (October was the beginning of the year), and Tian Rong rebelled in May. He was the first person to oppose Xiang Yu. Tian Rong not only opposed himself, but also supported Peng Yue and Chen Yu of Zhao. At the same time, he also wrote to Liu Bang, asking him to oppose it. Therefore, it is said that Xiang Yu's loss of Tian Rong is the most important mistake under the example of the 18-route warlord.

After Tian Rong rebelled, Xiang Yu was furious and sent troops to counter the rebellion, defeating Tian Rong. On his way to escape, Tian Rong was killed by ordinary people, but Tian Heng, Tian Rong's younger brother, fought back against the Chu army, which could not fight for a while and was trapped in Qi. At this time, Liu Bang collected 56, yuan to win Pengcheng, the capital of Chu, which is now Xuzhou, Jiangsu. At this time, Xiang Yu hurried back from Shandong. At that time, there were only 3, cavalry in Xiang Yu, who raided the west of Pengcheng. It took only half a day for Liu Bang's 56, people to be in flight, including hundreds of people who died and drowned. At this time, Liu Bang was very embarrassed and fled with a dozen people. He happened to meet his son and daughter on the way, that is, the later Han Hui Emperor and Princess Lu Yuan. The driver Xia Houying took the two children into the car, continued on his way and ran for a while. Just push his son and daughter out of the car, Xia Houying said, and put the child in the car, so three times, Xia Houying persuaded Liu Bang, Liu Bangcai to do it, which shows that Liu Bang is ruthless!

this is the battle of pengcheng! After Liu Bang was defeated in the Battle of Pengcheng, he fled to the west and fled to Xingyang, west of Zhengzhou, to organize an effective counterattack.

Although Xiang Yu defeated Liu Bang in the Battle of Pengcheng, Xiang Yu lost Qing Bu, that is, the whole southern region. Next, Xiang Yu and Liu Bang fought a decisive battle in Xingyang, which is the famous Xingyang Battle.

The Battle of Xingyang lasted for two years and four months. After Xiang Yu's "two wins (Xingyang, Chenggao) and two losses (Xingyang, Chenggao)", Xiang Yu and Liu Bang "made peace through the gap" when the soldiers were exhausted, which is the "Chu River Han boundary" in our current chess. And returned to Liu Bang's father and wife Lv Zhi, ending the hostage life of two years and zero death and one month. In this war, Xiang Yu lost Xingyang because Peng Yue cut off his route for providing foodstuff. At the same time, Han Xin went out and destroyed Wei, Zhao, Dai, Yan and Qi in the north, only forcing Peng Cheng. Xiang Yu, however, didn't respond to this until Han Xin captured Qi, but it was too late. At the end of the war between the two armies of Chu and Han, Xiang Yu wrote to Liu Bang, saying that Liu Bang would surrender, or he would cook his father and wife, but Liu Bang played a rogue, and Xiang Yu was so angry that he wanted to cook the two men. In Historical Records of Xiang Yu, Chu and Han contended, and the Han army cut off the food and grass of the Chu army. Xiang Yu put Liu Bang's father on a high meat case and said to Liu Bang, "It's not urgent now." Liu Bang said: "Xiang Yu and I were both ordered to be pregnant with the king in the north, saying,' We are about brothers'. If I am an old man, I will want to cook and be an old man, so I am lucky to share a piece of it." This is enough to show that Liu Bang is ruthless. At this moment, Xiang Bo persuaded Xiang Yu again, and Xiang Yu gave up. (At this time) Xiang Bo said, "I don't know what's going on in the world, and those who care about their families for the whole world, although it's useless to kill them, it's only good for their ears." It can be seen that Xiang Bo has gone from the previous talk with Zhang Liang to the current political speculation, and he has always regarded Xiang Yu as one of his closest friends. Later, after the death of Xiang Yu, Xiang Bo was sealed by Liu Bang, which is also the true sorrow of Xiang Yu.

Just after the negotiation between Chu Hanhong and Liu Bang took back his father and wife, he followed the advice of Zhang Liang and Chen Ping, broke the contract, and suddenly turned back to attack Xiang Yu. Xiang Yu returned to Pengcheng, and on the way back, he made a counterattack. He stayed in Guling (now Taikang, Henan Province) with 2, dozen of Liu Bang's own. Although Xiang Yu could defeat Liu Bang's 2, with 1 thousand, it was already in the south. Liu Bang saw that his 2, could not beat Xiang Yu's 1,. At this time, Han Xin and Peng Yue were slow to send troops. At this time, Zhang Liang proposed that "the king can be with the world, and it can be made!" Liu Bang was forced to give up the road of "home and world" temporarily, named Peng Yue King Liang, and gave Han Xin all the seals from Liang to the seaside. So Han Xin led three hundred thousand siege GaiXia. So, Liu Bang, Han Xin, Peng Yue, Liu Jia and Qing Bu in the south, and a * * * 6,-strong army camp. At this time, Xiang Yu had only 1, troops, with a disparity in strength and a lack of rations.

one night, Liu bang ordered all the Han troops to sing Chu songs, and Xiang Yu was shocked, thinking that Liu bang had attacked the whole state of Chu. This is the famous "besieged on all sides". The purpose of Liu Bang's siege is to give Xiang Yu and the Chu army an illusion that Chu has been occupied by the Han army, disturbing the morale of the army. And this goal has been achieved. In this case, Xiang Yu decided to flee, and before he led eight hundred heroes and deus ex, he only said goodbye to one person, that is, concubine, which is "Farewell My Concubine". Yu Ji's campaign in Xiang Yu has always been accompanied by Xiang Yu. It can be seen that Yu Ji and Xiang Yu have a very good relationship. Just when I said goodbye to Yu Ji, I sang the only work of Xiang Yu that has been circulated so far. This is <: < Gaixia song > > : "It's hard to pull up the mountain and make the world angry, but when it's unfavorable, it won't die. What can I do if I don't die? " "Historical Records of Xiang Yu's Biography" records: "The songs are counted, and the beauty is harmonious. Xiang Wang cried several times, and both sides cried, so he couldn't look up. " (Que: Every time the music ends, it is called Que. "Counting" means several times. After Xiang Yu finished singing, Yu Ji also sang a song: "The Han soldiers have been slightly stunned, surrounded by songs, and the king is exhausted. Why can't I talk about life!" Although this song is not reliable, the harmony song is true, and the emotion expressed in this song is very consistent with the situation at that time. After singing the songs of Chu and saying goodbye with tears, Yu Ji ended her life, unwilling to drag Xiang Yu down or fall into the hands of lecherous Liu Bang.

after saying goodbye, Xiang Yu and Yu Ji led 8 cavalry to break through, but Xiang Yu's escape was very hasty. There was no military meeting, no escape plan and no follow-up arrangements. When there was nothing, he fled hastily, which directly led to Xiang Yu being a leaderless group of ten Wan Chu soldiers, and became a mob. As a result, Liu Bang killed 8, people. Therefore, Xiang Yu has to be responsible for his blind escape. Xiang Yu fled in the middle of the night, and Liu Bangtian discovered that Xiang Yu fled. However, Xiang Yu got lost on the road and was deceived by an old farmer. As a result, the pursuers behind him caught up. When Xiang Yu fled to Dongcheng, there were only 28 followers left. At this time, Xiang Yu knew that he could not escape, so he said to his 28 cavalry: "I have been eight years old since I started my army, and I have been in more than 7 wars. When I was defeated, I was defeated, and I never lost, so I dominated the world. However, today's pawn is trapped here, and the death of me in this day is not a crime of war. Today, I am determined to die. I am willing to fight for you quickly, and I will win three times. I will break the siege, chop the generals and cut the flags for you, so that you can know that it is not a crime of war. " After the fight, 28 people lost only 2 people, but Xiang Yu killed more than 1 Han troops. Then Xiang Yu continued to flee to the east and fled to the Wujiang River. The director of Wujiang River rowed a boat to persuade Xiang Yu to cross the Wujiang River to make a comeback. Xiang Yu originally wanted to cross the river to the east, but after listening to the words of Tingchang, he was ashamed. He said, "Besides, 8, people from Jiangdong crossed the river to the west, and now no one has returned, even though my father and brother in Jiangdong have pity on me, how can I see it?" If you don't say anything, is it worthwhile to be alone? " So he gave his BMW to Tingchang, and killed the other 26 soldiers and the Han army. Xiang Yu was brave and killed more than 1 people. At this time, he saw one of his former subordinates, Lv Matong, who was the general who was after him, and said, "I heard that Han bought my daughter? , ten thousand households, I am Ruode. " (Wei Ruode: It means to give you some benefits. "virtue", kindness. ) So he committed suicide. Xiang Yu's body was divided into five parts, which were rewarded by five generals and sealed by Liu Bang on the same day. Xiang Yu was 31 years old at this time.