Sun Shi (1399-1462), the Empress Grandmother of the Ming Dynasty, was the second empress of Zhu Zhanji, the Emperor Xuanzong of Ming Dynasty, and the biological mother of Zhu Qizhen, Ming Yingzong.
Empress Sun is a wise and knowledgeable female politician, who showed her outstanding political talents during the Ming Dynasty's Yingzong and Daizong periods. This period was also a very difficult and complicated period for the Ming Dynasty. When the foreign enemy invaded, the DPRK was in turmoil, and the imperial court was in a huge crisis and predicament, Empress Sun played a very active role. She actively responded to the "change of civil castles", established a new emperor, reused Yu Qian and other talented and loyal ministers, took charge of the defense of Beijing, and later calmly responded to the "change of many doors", experiencing the unbearable predicament of ordinary people and saving the crisis of the Ming Dynasty.
Empress Sun was quite beautiful when she was a teenager. Sun Zhong, her father, was the master book of Yongcheng County. Sun Shi, who was in her teens, was introduced by Mrs. Peng Chengbo, the mother of Empress Zhang, a fellow countryman.
Later, Zhu Di, the Ming emperor, chose a concubine for Zhu Zhanji, the eldest grandson of the emperor. Later, Hu of Jining was conferred as the official concubine, and Sun Shi was also conferred as a concubine.
On the 9th day of May in the first year of Xuande (1426), Zhu Zhanji ascended the throne, and Sun Shi was made the imperial concubine. According to the court etiquette, the queen was given a golden book, Jinbao (seal), while the imperial concubine had a book but no treasure. However, due to the long-term relationship between Sun Shi and Zhu Zhanji, Zhu Zhanji specially invited Sun Shi to give a golden gift. It serves to show that Zhu Zhanji attaches great importance to Sun Shi. In the third year of Xuande (1428), Zhu Zhanji, Emperor Xuanzong of Ming Dynasty, abolished Hu Huanghou and made Sun Guifei the queen. The reason why Emperor Xuanzong of Ming Dynasty was abolished was that Hu had no children, while Sun Shi had children. After Hu was abolished, he retired to Chang 'an Palace and was given the title "Jing Ci Xian Shi".
In the tenth year of Xuande (1435), Zhu Zhanji, the Emperor Xuanzong of Ming Dynasty, died, and Zhang Taihou made Crown Prince Zhu Qizhen emperor, Zhang Taihou was honored as the Empress Dowager, and Empress Sun was honored as the Empress Dowager.
Originally, Empress Sun could enjoy the comfortable life of the Empress Dowager in the harem. When her own son became emperor, she had a noble position and a luxurious life, so she could be carefree. However, the "change of civil castles" pushed her from the harem to a key position in the front of the political stage at that time.
In June of the 14th year of the Orthodox Church (1449), Master Wala invaded the border of the Ming Dynasty first. Zhu Qizhen, Ming Yingzong, always wanted to show his military talents. Encouraged by his trusted eunuch Wang Zhen, he decided to make a personal expedition, so he led 2, troops to war. According to the original plan, after the Ming army went north from Datong, it would go to the border to fight the Wala army. However, the military affairs of the Ming army were all decided by Wang Zhen, the eunuch of the prison army. The generals were restrained everywhere and could not command operations according to their own intentions. Wang Zhen did not understand the military and made successive mistakes in command, which led to the repeated defeat of the Ming army.
The morale of the Ming army was low, and the stormy weather made the soldiers unwilling to fight, and the military discipline was lax. At this time, the minister of the army repeatedly advised Yingzong to withdraw his troops, but Wang Zhen was furious and called Yingzong's ministers to help the battle. However, the Ming army had not reached Datong, and the Ming army had already started to lack food, and the soldiers were hungry and exhausted. Later, the Wala army followed the Ming army, and Ming Yingzong sent more than 4, cavalry led by Hou Kezhong, Wu Keqin, Zhu Yong, Yongshun Boxue, respectively, to stop Wala, but they were ambushed by the Wala military first, and were completely annihilated. Subsequently, Yingzong led the remaining troops to Tumubao (now southeast of Huailai County, Hebei Province), and Wang Zhen, with his own more than a thousand trench cars, ordered to camp on the spot. There was no spring next to the civil fort, but all the main roads were occupied by the Wala army, and the return road of the Ming army was quickly cut off by the Wala army. On August 15, he also sent an envoy to cheat and paralyze the Ming army. Wang Zhen urgently ordered the relocation of the camp, and the marching order of the army was in chaos. The Wala army attacked in disorder. In the chaos, Fan Zhong, a general who was very angry with Wang Zhen, beat Wang Zhen to death with a pestle, so as to avoid restraint and facilitate command. Ming Yingzong, the general guard around Yingzong, broke through, but he couldn't rush out. When Ming Yingzong saw that he couldn't break through, he simply dismounted and sat still, waiting for him. Wala soldiers took Yingzong to see him first, and the prophet was Yingzong, so they paid tribute to him and offered him all kinds of delicious food. Yingzong became a prisoner.
The "Civil Fort Change" destroyed all the 2, main forces of the Ming army, killed Wang Zhen, made Yingzong a prisoner, and the Ming dynasty lost its military power to defend Beijing.
In the 14th year of orthodoxy (1449), on August 16th, the leader of Wala also took Ming Yingzong, who was captured, and was repaired by Datong. Later, at the instigation of the captured eunuch Xi Ning, he led his troops to Beijing in the name of returning Ming Yingzong, hoping to seize the opportunity to capture the capital of the Ming Dynasty.
After the news of "the change of civil castles" reached the capital, it shook the DPRK, and all 2, troops were wiped out, even the emperor became a prisoner. At this time, there was no emperor in the imperial city, and people in the city were in panic. The ministers of the Manchu Dynasty didn't know what to do. They all relied on Empress Sun to come out to take charge.
At this critical moment of the Ming Dynasty, Empress Sun stepped forward. With extraordinary political talent, she took a series of emergency measures to turn the tide and save the Ming Dynasty.
First of all, the Empress Sun ordered Zhu Qiyu, the King of Xi, to supervise the country, and urged everyone to hold on to Beijing.
Just two days after Ming Yingzong was arrested by Wala, Empress Sun stepped forward to handle political affairs, and he decisively ordered Zhu Qiyu, the King of Xi, to supervise the country. Zhu Qiyu is the second son of Zhu Zhanji in Ming Xuanzong, the half-brother of Zhu Qizhen in Ming Yingzong, and his mother is Wu Xianfei. With Zhu Qiyu as the supervisor, the imperial court would not be chaotic, and at least there was a supervisor to handle daily affairs.
Then, Empress Sun called courtiers to discuss how to deal with the great plan that the Wala army was about to arrive in Beijing. At this point, the war is a big plan. Xu Kun (Xu Youzhen), the assistant lecturer, said that the astrology had changed, and strongly advocated moving the capital to Nanjing to avoid the attack of the Wala army, so as to ensure the peace of the Ming Dynasty. Other selfish ministers who are afraid of death and only seek personal gain also quickly echoed and agreed with Xu Youzhen.
However, the main faction headed by Yu Qian, assistant minister of the Ministry of War, insisted on sticking to Beijing and fighting against the Wala army to the death. Taking the story of Song Dynasty's southward migration as an example, Yu Qian strongly opposed the relocation of the capital to Nanjing, believing that once the capital was moved, it would lose its territory. Wang Zhi, an official minister, Chen Xun, a cabinet bachelor, and others all agree with Yu Qian's idea.
Empress Sun listened carefully to Yu Qian's analysis and suggestions. She made a final decision and decided to stick to Beijing and fight against the enemy together. She ordered North Korean officials to prepare for the war.
Secondly, Empress Sun and the courtiers held Zhu Qiyu to the throne, which made it impossible for Grandmaster Wala to use Ming Yingzong to threaten the Ming court first.
Yingzong was taken away by Wala, and there was no emperor in the DPRK. The ministers in the DPRK were very anxious. Fortunately, Empress Sun let Zhu Qiyu supervise the country, but this did not solve the fundamental problem. Grandmaster Wala also threatened the Ming court with Yingzong first. In the fourteenth year of orthodoxy (1449), on August 28th, Zuodu Yushi Wang Wen wrote a letter to Zhu Qiyu, asking him to attach importance to the country and inherit the unification. At that time, the son of Emperor Yingzong, Crown Prince Zhu Jianshen, was only two years old. The courtiers were worried about the suspicion of the country, and the ministers also agreed with Wang Wen's suggestion. Yu Qian, Wang Zhi and other ministers immediately jointly played the Queen Mother. Empress Sun immediately approved Yu Qian's suggestion, and in September of the 14th year of Orthodox Church (1449), she made Zhu Qiyu emperor, in order to replace the emperor and change the yuan to Jingtai. And revere Ming Yingzong as the emperor's father. It's not easy for Empress Sun to do this. She lived in Zhu Qiyu as her own son, and Zhu Qizhen, who was replaced by Daizong and became the emperor's father, was her own son. Empress Sun put the overall situation first and made Zhu Qiyu the new emperor, which shows that she has a broad mind, political foresight and can put state affairs first. [1] At the same time, a large-scale liquidation operation was launched, and many Wang Zhen's henchmen fell. [17]
After Zhu Qiyu ascended the throne, he wrote a letter to the border guards not to listen to Wala's excuse. Now Daizong has acceded to the throne, which makes Wala's plan to defraud property and switch doors in the name of Ming Yingzong impossible to implement.
Thirdly, support Zhu Qiyu, Yu Qian and others to eliminate Wang Zhen's remaining party, and express their determination to fight against Wala.
When Xi Wang was regent, Chen Yi, the right-capital imperial adviser, played a request to kill Wang Zhen's whole family, and courtiers responded in succession. Zhu Qiyu didn't dare to make a decision, saying that we should discuss it at another time, but the courtiers protested. At this point, Wang Zhen's henchmen and a security guard all commanded Ma Shun to stand up and denounce the officials, and Wang Hong suddenly took the lead in attacking Ma Shun, and all the ministers laid siege to him, killing Ma Shun on the spot and spilling blood at the court. Zhu Qiyu, the king of Xi, was afraid of leaving, so Yu Qian quickly approached Xi, helped him to persuade him to accept the courtier's suggestion, and thought that Ma Shun's crime should be punished by death. Wang, the official minister, clasped Yu Qian's hand and said that the imperial court just needs a minister like you. Today, a hundred Wang Zhi can't handle it. Since then, Xi Wang has also begun to value modesty. Empress Sun also supported Xi Wang and Yu Qian in eliminating Wang Zhen's henchmen.
In addition, Empress Sun ordered Yu Qian to be the minister of the Ministry of War, and granted him the power of "commanding all battalions".
After the "Civil Fort Change", the most effective troops and elite cavalry in the capital were taken out by Yingzong, and there were only less than 1, tired foot soldiers left in the capital. The people in the DPRK were in panic. Yu Qian, assistant minister of the Ministry of War, stepped forward and invited Xi Wang, the supervisor of the country, to transfer the reserve troops in Beijing and Henan, the reserve troops in Shandong and Nanjing, and the grain transportation in the governments of Jiangbei and Beijing. Seeing that Yu Qian was well-dispatched, he had a good plan. The Queen Mother Sun was immediately promoted to Yu Qian as the Minister of War, and was fully responsible for planning the defense war in the capital.
However, according to the system of the Ming Dynasty, the ministers of the Ministry of War could not directly command the army. In order to enable Yu Qian to fully command the army against Wala, after Ming Daizong acceded to the throne, with the support of Empress Sun, he specially granted Yu Qian the power to "supervise the battalions and horses" and ordered all the generals in Beijing to accept Yu Qian's restraint, so that Yu Qian could have the power to kill and kill. Anyone who disobeyed the military orders in the army had the right to act first.
This authorization given to Yu Qian by the Empress Sun and Daizong is very important, which gives Yu Qian full power to command the defense of Beijing, and at the same time bears the main responsibility for success or failure. In this critical period of fierce fighting, Yu Qian's military power is second only to that of the emperor. With the support of Empress Sun, Yu Qian and Daizong began to make preparations for defending Beijing. Yu Qian promoted a group of generals who had time to command and transferred troops from all over the country. At the same time, Yu Qian also ordered the troops stationed in Beijing to build weapons day and night and equip the army as soon as possible. In addition, Yu Qian arranged defensive forces around the capital and guarded nine gates rigorously. Soon, the loyal troops from Beijing, Henan, Shandong and other places also arrived one after another. Yu Qian strictly disciplined the army, selected new generals to reorganize the army, and ordered the border guards to step up the repair of passes everywhere.
Empress Sun's trust and reuse of Qian is the key to turning Beijing's defense war from danger to safety and turning defeat into victory. Only Yu Qian, who has a general idea and is loyal and selfless, can command a complete victory in the defense campaign.
However, in the eighth year of Jingtai (1457), Shi Heng generals, who were highly valued by Yu Qian, and even Xu Youzhen, who was protected by Yu Qian, took advantage of Ming Daizong's serious illness to launch a "change to seize the door", and abolished Dai Zong as Xi Wang, and ruthlessly arrested Yu Qian, a minister of war, Wang Zhi, a minister of rites, and other pillar ministers who tried their best to welcome the British Sect back to the DPRK, and killed them. After Zhu Qizhen regained the throne of the emperor, he monopolized the imperial power, reused Shi Heng, Xu Youzhen, etc., cracked down on dissidents and framed loyal subjects, but the Empress Sun was unable to stop it, so that Qian was killed. This is the regret of Empress Sun. There are also comments that Zhu Qizhen is the own son of Empress Sun, and it is possible that "the change of seizing the door" was acquiesced by Empress Sun. However, it is unfounded to say that Empress Sun supported Yingzong in killing Yu Qian and Wang Zhi, and Empress Sun would not be as narrow-minded and ruthless as her son Zhu Qizhen.
The drama "Ming Fenghua" simply moved the shocking skills of the anti-Japanese drama to the Ming Dynasty. Hello, director. Do you think we can't see it after crossing it? I won't talk about anything else. It's still necessary to say something about Empress Sun.
Empress Sun is the empress of Zhu Zhanji of Ming Xuanzong and the biological mother of Zhu Qizhen of Ming Yingzong. In the play, she is just as wise as Wu Zetian, SHEN WOO, but in historical materials, she is just a person engaged in court struggle, and it is impossible to fly with Daming. It is even more impossible to lead the Ming army to fight the Wala people in armor (my hair really stood on end when I saw this).
in the history of the Ming dynasty, her most crucial role was to make Zhu Qiyu, the King of Xi, emperor. As for the rest, it is not a contribution, but a disturbance. First, you can't do anything, and you won the first place in Gongdou.
In the play, Empress Sun is also called Sun Ruowei. In fact, few women in the Ming Dynasty can leave their names. For the convenience of recalling the story before she became the queen mother, let's call her Sun Ruowei. She was able to enter the palace because of her hometown.
The mother of Empress Zhang, the empress of Zhu Gaochi Ming Renzong, and Sun Ruowei are fellow villagers. There is such a relationship, plus her father Sun Zhong is the main book of the local county government, so Sun Rewei has been living in the palace since childhood, so she and Zhu Zhanji are playmates since childhood.
When Zhu Zhanji grew up, she married Sun Ruowei. But Sun Rewei is not a wife, and Hu is the original wife of Zhu Zhanji. As a result, of course, Sun Rewei is very upset and often thinks about bringing down Hu.
After Zhu Zhanji ascended the throne, Hu became Hu Huanghou, and Sun Ruowei was also canonized as Sun Guifei. The problem is that Zhu Zhanji is obviously partial to Sun Ruowei, and all specifications should be the same as that of Hu Huanghou. Sun Ruowei is like the second queen.
Because Hu Huanghou gave birth to two daughters but not a son, and Sun Ruowei gave birth to a son for Zhu Zhanji, Zhu Zhanji forced Hu Huanghou to resign as queen and make way for Sun Ruowei.
Sun Ruowei also hypocritically said, Give Hu Huanghou another chance. When she is well, she will definitely give birth to a son. In fact, Sun Rewei was so happy.
After Zhu Zhanji abolished Hu Huanghou for such unreasonable reasons, he really made Sun Ruowei the queen. But Zhang Taihou is like a mirror in her heart. She is Zhu Zhanji's biological mother. Although she is related by relatives and friends with Sun Rewei, she prefers Hu Huanghou.
When Zhang Taihou gave a banquet in the harem, Sun Ruowei was already the queen, but his position was arranged behind Hu Huanghou. Do you think Sun Ruowei was happy? But I can't help it if I'm unhappy. Who let Zhang Taihou be your mother-in-law? Second, the daughter-in-law became a woman, but she almost lost her son.
Sun Ruowei had only one son, Zhu Qizhen. When Zhu Zhanji, Emperor Xuanzong of Ming Dynasty, died, Zhu Qizhen was only 9 years old and could not run the country at all.
At this time, Zhang Taihou carried the banner and became the master of the empire. Sun Ruowei lived hard for seven years under the oppression of Zhang Taihou.
With the death of Zhang Taihou and Sanyang, Sun Ruowei felt relaxed. The point is that she won't teach parenting, and Zhu Qizhen will just fuck around in the DPRK.
As a result, the Wala people called, and this guy actually wanted to personally sign. Sun Rewei couldn't stop him, so he had to let Zhu Qizhen make Zhu Jianshen a prince, which made him go to war.
That's how the change of the civil fort happened. Zhu Qizhen was arrested after the defeat, and a good empress dowager career almost ended here.