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What are the traditional foods in Tomb-Sweeping Day?
Youth league; Sweet green onigiri
Qing Tuan is a kind of green bread made of grass head juice. Its method is to put tender wormwood and millet grass into a large pot, add lime to steam them, remove lime water, and then knead them into glutinous rice flour to make bright green jiaozi. Eating dumplings is a popular food in the Mid-Autumn Festival in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces.
Aizan
There is a saying that "eating mugwort leaves around Qingming Festival will keep you from getting sick all year round", and mugwort leaves are a necessary traditional food for Hakkas in Tomb-Sweeping Day. The main raw materials of wormwood are glutinous rice and wormwood, and its production method is not very complicated. Many people like to eat wormwood because all foods made of wormwood have a unique taste.
cruller
When I was in Tomb-Sweeping Day, there was a custom of eating prickly heat in both the south and the north, and prickly heat is a kind of fried food. In our daily life, we can also see that some places often have stalls selling prickly heat. In the south and the north, there are some differences in the practice of prickly heat. The prickly heat in the south is more detailed, and the prickly heat in the north is rough.
Warm mushroom bag
When people in Taining area are in Tomb-Sweeping Day, they have the habit of eating steamed buns with warm mushrooms. Warm mushroom bag is made of what locals call warm mushroom grass. The shape of warm mushroom steamed buns made in the south is similar to that of steamed bread, and that of warm mushroom steamed buns made in the north is similar to that of jiaozi, but there is no strict requirement on the shape of warm mushroom steamed buns.
Zituimo
When I was in Tomb-Sweeping Day, the eating custom of eating jiaozi and pushing steamed buns was to commemorate the quality of meson pushing without seeking fame and fortune. There are many buns of different shapes. Different shapes of steamed buns are suitable for different people, and the shapes of steamed buns eaten by men and women are also different.
Eggs (of hens)
The dietary custom of eating eggs in Tomb-Sweeping Day originated from some places in the pre-Qin period. The ancients thought that eating eggs in Tomb-Sweeping Day meant having a good body for the next whole year. Eggs in Tomb-Sweeping Day are not only edible, but also used for painting or carving. Only painted eggs can be eaten, and carved eggs can only be seen.
Qingming rice
Qingming rice, as its name implies, is eaten in Tomb-Sweeping Day. Qingming rice is made of various edible herbs. This kind of rice is very beneficial to people's health after eating, so it is loved by many people.
What kind of eating habits does Tomb-Sweeping Day have?
Tomb-Sweeping Day and China have the habit of eating cold food in the north. Eat eggs and cakes in Shandong and Jimo. Laiyang, Zhaoyuan and Long Island usually eat eggs and cold sorghum rice. Taian eats cold pancakes and rolls bitter vegetables. Tomb-Sweeping Day, a part of southern China, eats green balls. In the hometown of overseas Chinese in southern Fujian, we eat Ciba, Ciba and rice brown every time in Tomb-Sweeping Day.
Tomb-Sweeping Day is an ancient festival of the Chinese nation. It is not only a solemn festival to pay homage to ancestors, but also a happy festival for people to get close to nature, go for an outing and enjoy the fun of spring. In the historical development, Tomb-Sweeping Day has been integrated into the customs of forbidding fire and cold food in the northern region.
Since the cold food custom of the Cold Food Festival was transplanted to Tomb-Sweeping Day, some places in northern China still keep the habit of eating cold food in Tomb-Sweeping Day, while some places in southern China have the custom of eating green balls in Tomb-Sweeping Day. The Youth League is also called Qingming Cake, Flour Cake, Cike Cake, Qingming Cake, Artemisia argyi Baba, Artemisia argyi, Qingming Fruit, Bobo Cake, Qingming Cake, Artemisia argyi Baba and Ai.
In Tomb-Sweeping Day, the hometown of overseas Chinese in southern Fujian, we always cook some cakes, cakes and rice cakes for our families around Tomb-Sweeping Day. According to the old custom in Shanghai, steamed cakes for sacrifice should be put on wicker and dried and stored. When they arrive in the long summer, they will be fried and given to children. It is said that eating them in summer won't make you sick. In Huzhou, Zhejiang, every household in Tomb-Sweeping Day has dumplings, which can be buried as a sacrifice or as dry food for hiking. As the saying goes: "Qingming Zongzi is real."
The story of the origin of Tomb-Sweeping Day
According to legend, during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, when Jin Wengong was in trouble, Jin people were very kind to him. Jin Wengong released Yamakaji after he ascended the throne, hoping to get rid of Jietui, who took his mother up the mountain to live in seclusion and receive a salary. But meson would rather die than be an official, and he was burned to death under a willow tree. Jin Wengong deeply regrets this. Since then, every time Yamakaji was released, it was forbidden to make a fire in the palace to commemorate the meson push, which gradually formed the "Cold Food Festival". After the Cold Food Festival, Jin Wengong set up the "Tomb-Sweeping Day" to offer sacrifices to rest and sweep graves, and tomb sweeping became a custom again. Whether this legend is credible or not, there is a real meson push, which is recorded in Zuo Zhuan, but it is called meson push, just calling him "a hidden death", and there is no plot of Jin Wengong releasing Yamakaji. But anyway, one thing is certain, that is, the Cold Food Festival and Tomb-Sweeping Day have a long history.
The Cold Food Festival is actually an inspirational festival. Before Sui and Tang Dynasties, people paid more attention to cold food than Qingming. After Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty Li Longji ascended the throne, Tomb-Sweeping Day's grave-sweeping activities were formally included in one of the "Five Rites" at that time, and Tomb-Sweeping Day's status was thus promoted. The Qingming holiday is linked to the Cold Food Festival and becomes a "small holiday" (4 days) in the spring after the Lantern Festival. When I was emperor in Hengli (Tang Suzong), I probably felt that the short holiday was not long enough, so I increased the number of cold food holidays in Tomb-Sweeping Day and increased the cold food holiday in Tomb-Sweeping Day set by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty from 4 days to 7 days. In the holiday history of China, Tomb-Sweeping Day became the real "Golden Week" for the first time. "Cuju has been on the bird many times, and the swing competes with weeping willows. Teenagers travel every day, they don't have to be clear and definite. " The poem "Cold Food is Oriental" by Wang Wei, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, depicts the scene of people playing football and swinging in Tomb-Sweeping Day, which is very lively. Wang Wei also said with emotion that young people should go out to play every day, so why wait until Tomb-Sweeping Day? Bai Juyi, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote in "Tomb-Sweeping Day": "Leave a mouthful of cold porridge and cook green tea over a big fire." . Tomb-Sweeping Day makes a fire to taste tea, with caramel and cold porridge, which must have a special flavor.
In the Song Dynasty, Tomb-Sweeping Day was also a national festival. The Song Dynasty continued the practice of enjoying holidays in the Tang Dynasty. Cold food and Qingming are combined into one, and the holiday is seven days. Moreover, these two festivals have been completely integrated and transplanted into some entertainment functions of the ancient Shangsi Festival on March 3rd. People like to come to the water when traveling. Tomb-Sweeping Day is also an important festival in the Song Dynasty, even more important than that in the Tang Dynasty, and the custom of sweeping graves is even stronger. This can be seen from the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival painted by Zhang Zeduan in the Northern Song Dynasty. The first paragraph is the scene of people coming back from other places to sweep graves in Bianjing (now Kaifeng). In Tomb-Sweeping Day in the Song Dynasty, both the royal family and the people held a series of activities, which were as lively as the Lantern Festival. In "Dream of China in Tokyo" written later, Mr. Meng, a Kaifeng native, described the atmosphere in Tomb-Sweeping Day that year: "In Tomb-Sweeping Day, the capital, four fields are like a city, and cups and plates are arranged in a garden. They reward each other, sing and dance everywhere and arrive at dusk." The traditional custom of "clearing willow" reached its acme in the Song Dynasty. In addition, Tomb-Sweeping Day planted willow branches, admired rhododendrons and was sung by poets, which made people feel the unique charm of Tomb-Sweeping Day.
With the travel in the Tang and Song Dynasties, the prosperity and excitement of Tomb-Sweeping Day ceased to exist. In the Yuan Dynasty, the system of multiple holidays for civil servants in the Tang and Song Dynasties was denied, and the holidays were greatly reduced. However, Tomb-Sweeping Day and Cold Food Festival actually merged into one festival in the Yuan Dynasty in terms of functions and activities. It is still one of the most important festivals in the Yuan Dynasty, just like Jacky. The imperial court will have three days' holiday-you know, the emperor's birthday Tianshou Festival (called Tianchang Festival in the Tang Dynasty) and the winter solstice only have two days' holiday. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Cold Food and Tomb-Sweeping Day completely withdrew from the national legal holiday sequence, and the government only kept three major festivals: New Year's Day, Lantern Festival and Winter Solstice. Although there are no holidays, people still like to celebrate the Cold Food Festival and Tomb-Sweeping Day, and go out to sweep graves and have a spring outing.
From the above, we can see that the customs of ancient Tomb-Sweeping Day in China are rich and interesting. Besides worshipping relatives and sweeping graves, there are a series of customs and sports activities, such as hiking, swinging, cuju, polo and willow planting. According to legend, this is because Tomb-Sweeping Day wants to ban cold food and fire. In order to prevent cold food and cold meals from hurting people, we all take part in some sports activities to exercise. Therefore, this festival is a distinctive festival, with sad tears to sweep the new grave and laughter to play with friends. To this day, the custom of ancestor worship and mourning for relatives in Tomb-Sweeping Day is still very popular. Tomb-Sweeping Day's ancestor worship is not a feudal superstition, but a yearning for the deceased relatives, warning future generations not to forget their ancestors and the deceased old man. This is the endless relay transmission of Chinese civilization from generation to generation!
Tomb-Sweeping Day custom
1, Qingming is filial piety to ancestors.
Qingming is an activity of offering sacrifices to the dead. Tomb-Sweeping Day is very important. In China or China, ancestor worship is closely related to filial piety. If you don't take part in ancestor worship, you are an unfilial person, a person who forgets your ancestors. Qingming Festival refers to sweeping graves. Many cemeteries in Jiangnan and Jiangnan are on mountains, so they are called Chongshan. In the north, it is commonly known as sweeping graves or going to graves.
2. Is there any ethnic difference in Tomb-Sweeping Day's grave-sweeping?
Grave-sweeping in Tomb-Sweeping Day is called "respecting time" for ancestors, and it is the biggest ancestor worship and grave-sweeping day in China. Therefore, most Han people and some ethnic minorities in China visit graves in Tomb-Sweeping Day. Some ethnic minorities will hold similar activities on other days.
3. Can Tomb-Sweeping Day worship his ancestors at home?
Tomb-Sweeping Day should be held in the cemetery in person, but for various reasons, many people can't go back to their hometown to attend the Qingming Festival, so they can also worship their ancestors at home. The method is to put food for worship on the balcony or living room at home, face the hometown, burn three sticks of incense, bow three times and meditate on related words. Then, burn paper money for sacrifice. Dr. Zheng reminded friends that this is very important.
4. Why did Tomb-Sweeping Day dream of his dead ancestors before?
Some people dream of their dead relatives or friends before Tomb-Sweeping Day almost every year, and even talk to him in their dreams. In fact, it has clearly told you that it is time to sweep their graves. Recently, many friends wrote to Dr. Zheng that they dreamed of their dead relatives.
5. Can members of the same family go in batches?
Generally speaking, it is best to go to the grave together, but in modern times, for various reasons, members of the same family may come from all over the world for work reasons, so they can't arrange to go to the grave on the same day, or they can go to the grave in batches.
6. Can the same person go to the cemeteries of two families within one year?
A friend asked Dr. Zheng, "The same person can't sweep the graves of two families in one year, can he?" For example, sweeping my grandmother's grave and sweeping my husband's father's grave (married) another day, can you? " In fact, this kind of situation often happens, and Dr. Zheng's answer is also ok.
Matters needing attention in sweeping graves in Tomb-Sweeping Day
1, the sooner the tomb is swept, the better?
There are two time issues involved here:
First, did Tomb-Sweeping Day sweep the grave that day or before and after? The sooner the better? Dr Zheng thinks that as long as he is in Tomb-Sweeping Day, he can easily see himself. Of course, there are some local customs everywhere, and we should respect them. In addition, for some customs, there are some differences in the time for sweeping graves for relatives who have died within one year and relatives who have died more than one year. Dr. Zheng reminded his friends to follow local customs.
Second, is it better to leave as soon as possible on the day of grave sweeping?
Dr. Zheng's answer is not completely correct, which needs to be judged according to his own situation. In ancient times, it was at 5-7 o'clock, that is, Shi Mao, which was one of the ancient calendars. Of course, it is usually not so early now, but Dr. Zheng reminded his friends that it is best to finish the Qingming Festival before 3 pm, because the yang has gradually subsided and the yin has gradually increased. If people are unlucky, they are easily haunted or harassed by ghosts.
2. How to determine the specific date of Tomb-Sweeping Day's sacrifice?
The date of sacrifice varies from place to place, some in the first ten days of Tomb-Sweeping Day; Some people call it "the first three and the last three"; Some are held on the "single" day before and after Qingming; In some places, grave-sweeping activities last for a month.
3. What flowers should Tomb-Sweeping Day buy to mourn the dead?
It is usually chrysanthemum, because chrysanthemum is regarded as a flower of sustenance in ancient China, which means missing and nostalgia. White chrysanthemum is the most suitable, and it can be matched with some green grass, such as lily, green leaves and carnations, which will be more beautiful. Huang Ju, known as Longevity Chrysanthemum, is more suitable for visiting patients.
4. Why does Tomb-Sweeping Day look at his forehead in the morning?
On the morning of sweeping the grave, before washing, look at your forehead in the mirror to see if there is a dull look. If there is, it means that your luck is relatively low. It is recommended to avoid sweeping graves as much as possible. If you must go, you can wear jade, peach wood and so on. Work it out with you.
5. Do you need to fast before sweeping the grave?
It is best to fast before sweeping graves: when you start sweeping graves, it is best not to eat food or vegetarian food to show courtesy and respect to your ancestors. Dr. Zheng thinks this article is very important, but some friends may need to be wronged.
6. Can I wear it casually when sweeping the grave?
You can't. In order to respect the dead, grave sweepers should wear solemn clothes, and their thoughts should be consistent with their words and deeds. Generally speaking, when sweeping graves, you should wear dark clothes, dress neatly and look solemn.