The word photography is derived from the Greek words φ phos (light) and γραφι graphis (painting, drawing) or γραφ graphê, which together mean "drawing with light."

Below I have compiled the basic knowledge of photography for everyone. You are welcome to refer to it.

What types of filters are there? A: Various special effects can be achieved by using "shooting" filters.

For example, when photographing water or glass directly, the color of the photo will become dull due to the reflection on the surface.

"PL (polarizing) filter" can suppress surface reflection and make colors more vivid. If you use it to shoot blue sky or leaves, it can make the sky bluer and the leaves greener.

In addition, there are "soft focus filters" that can make the overall photo lighter, and so on.

It should be noted that the diameter of the filter must match the diameter of the lens.

Therefore, when choosing a filter, you must not only confirm the type of filter, but also its caliber.

Can the light intensity of the flash be adjusted? A: There are two ways to adjust the amount of light emitted by the flash.

One is to adjust the flash itself, and TTL metering is the commonly used method.

Because this method is adjusted on the flash itself, it is effective regardless of the aperture adjustment.

Therefore, there is no need to worry about being limited in areas such as depth of field.

Another method is to adjust the amount of light received by adjusting the aperture value and ISO sensitivity. This is an effective technique when using a flash that cannot adjust the output power.

In this case, although the amount of light emitted by the flash is certain, by adjusting the aperture value and ISO sensitivity, you can choose the appropriate exposure to avoid the phenomenon of dead white and dead black.

However, because this is manual dimming, every time you adjust the distance between the camera and the subject, you need to adjust it again.

If you increase the ISO sensitivity, you can also extend the effective distance of the flash light.

What is the "Guide Index" of a flash? A: The flash index is a numerical value that indicates the amount of light emitted by a flash (light intensity).

The larger the value, the further the flash can illuminate.

Moreover, the reach distance of the flash light can be calculated by using the flash index value, F value (aperture), and ISO sensitivity.

If "GN" is used to represent the flash index and "F" is used to represent the aperture, then the calculation formula is as follows (unit meter): Reaching distance = GN÷F×ISO/100.

The built-in flash of a typical digital SLR camera has a guide number of "12".

When shooting at an ISO sensitivity of 100, the reach distance is 3 meters at F4 and 2.1 meters at F5.6.

When shooting at an ISO sensitivity of 200, the reaching distance is 6 meters at F4 and 4.2 meters at F5.6, which is twice as long as when the ISO sensitivity is 100.

But in most cases, the flash of a digital SLR camera automatically adjusts its output power, so few people are aware of the existence of the flash index.

Additionally, shutter speed has absolutely no effect on the flash's effective distance.

Is a lens hood a must-have? A: A lens hood is a must-have for photography.

If you want to take beautiful photos, the most important thing is to let only the light that is involved in the image enter the lens.

Use a lens hood to block interfering light hitting the lens from all directions, leaving only the light coming from the direction of the subject.

If any interfering light enters the lens during the shooting process, it will cause chaotic internal reflections in the lens, resulting in low contrast and unclear pictures.

By the way, some lenses have small windows on the hood.

When using a PL (polarizing) filter that can suppress reflections on the subject's surface, you need to control the picture effect by rotating the PL (polarizing) filter.

If you install a hood at this time, it will be difficult to adjust the PL (polarization) filter, and the small window on the hood is designed to make it easier to rotate the PL (polarization) filter in this case.

What is the difference between front-curtain synchronization and rear-curtain synchronization of flash? A: Front-curtain synchronization means that when the front curtain opens, the flash starts to illuminate the subject, and then the camera performs the exposure.

Rear-curtain synchronization means that when the front curtain opens, the flash does not fire first, but waits until the moment before the rear curtain closes before the flash fires and completes the exposure.

When photographing stationary objects, there is no movement trajectory for the subject in the picture, so the function of these two flash methods is the same, ensuring that both the subject and the background are correctly exposed.

However, when using a slow shutter speed to shoot moving objects in the evening, night or indoors, if you use front curtain synchronization, when the flash fires, the subject is still moving, so a ghost image of the subject moving in front of the exposure position will be left.

; But if you use rear curtain synchronization to shoot, although the moving shadow of the subject will still be captured, the flash will not fire until the rear curtain closes, so the subject can be captured clearly.