"Mozi" mentioned that the loser cut bamboo and wood, thinking it was a magpie, which lasted for three days. He also made a big wooden kite that can carry people and served as a reconnaissance mission in the war. According to "The Old Story of Zhu Gong", "Taste a wooden kite and take it to Song Cheng." History also records that Lu Ban actually ruined his parents' lives because of his talent. What's going on here? Wang Yun's "Lun Heng Volume 8 Ru Bu" said: "A skillful craftsman is a wooden horse, and a wooden man is a ruler." The organ prepares it and takes it with it. If we don't get it back, it will lose its mother. "Mom just disappeared. And my father's fate is even worse. According to a book named Youyang Miscellanies in the Tang Dynasty, Lu Ban left his hometown to work. Because he longed for his wife, he made a wooden kite. As long as he rides on it and knocks a few times, the wooden kite will fly into the sky and fly home to see his wife. Before long, my wife was pregnant. Luban's father thought it was strange how his daughter-in-law got pregnant, so Luban's wife told his father in detail. Later, on one occasion, Lu Ban's father secretly rode a wooden kite when Lu Ban came home, so he knocked a few times and the wooden kite flew. But I didn't know that Yifei actually flew to Suzhou. When the local people saw a man falling from the sky, when he was a monster, they captured Luban's father alive.
June 13 is Master Luban's birthday every year, and the woodworking union attaches great importance to this festival. Woodworkers used to pay great attention to the spirit of dedicating teachers to Taoism, and their most dedicated master was Master Lu Ban. Woodworking is the oldest industry, and it has been playing an important role in the construction industry. Every year, there is a special traditional activity to celebrate the host's birthday, that is, to send the host a meal. The so-called "host rice" is actually just white rice cooked in a large iron pot on the host's birthday, plus some fans, shrimps, plum beans and so on. Because children who eat the rice handed down by teachers in Xiangfu can not only be as smart as Lu Ban, but also grow up quickly and healthily. In the past, on birthdays, a group of artists were invited back to sing eight tones, or a puppet show was invited to perform, depending on the economic situation of that year. In a word, this is a grand event. Luban is a skillful craftsman in China folk myths and legends, and is known as the ancestor of carpentry.
Qingshuihe turned a big bend to the east, and there was a fort called Lujiawan in the bend. There lived an old carpenter named Lu in Lujiawan. The old carpenter is fifty-eight years old. He studied footmen in his teens, so he has been a carpenter for more than forty years. The industrious old carpenter built two castles in his life: Lujia South Bay and Lujia North Bay. The old carpenter has a strange temper. He has been a carpenter all his life and has never taken an apprentice. When others want to worship him as a teacher, he always refuses to say, "what skills can you learn from me?" Didn't you see those crooked houses I built and the boxes I played badly? " Usually, people know his strange temper, and people who want to learn carpentry will not learn from him.
The old carpenter was dissatisfied with his skills all his life. Not only does he not teach others, but even his own son. Throughout his life, a copper coin can touch water, so he saved three hundred and twenty pieces of silver and three fast horses, and prepared to leave them to his son to be a teacher when he grew up.
The old carpenter gave birth to three sons: the eldest son, Lu Shuan, is eighteen years old this year; The second son is Rubin, fifteen years old; The youngest son is twelve years old, that is, Lu Ban.
Both Lu Shuan and Rubin are lazy people, reaching for clothes and making ends meet. From the next life to the sky, the shovel fell and I didn't know how to help. I didn't know how to pick up the axe. The chisel and saw did not move. Neither father nor mother likes the two brothers.
Luban has been diligent and studious since he was a child. He often follows his father, helping to pull wires and do odd jobs, and watching his father cut wood with an axe. Once at lunch, my mother suddenly found that Luban was not at home most of the day, and she was a little panicked. She quickly went out to look for him and searched for a long time in front of a new house. Lu Ban squatted on one side, chin and cheek in his hands, and looked blankly at some carpenters making windows.
When Lu Ban was six or seven years old, he was willing to use an axe and a saw to cut logs into squares and saw rough logs into thin plates. By the time he was ten years old, he could handle all the "furniture" (tools), with axes and chisels turning in his hands. Luban is always busy, making many small wooden cabinets, small benches and cars ... Under the eaves, the floor of the hall is full, just like a small furniture store. Seeing that his mother had a hard time threading needles on the kang, Lu Ban cut a willow tree from Nanshan to make a chair and said, "Mom, sit in the chair and thread needles to avoid backache." Lu Ban saw that his sister's needle and thread basket could not be put down, so he cut down an elm tree from the north mountain and made a wooden box for his sister. She said, "Sister, put the sewing basket in the box, so as not to drop the needle and thread." However, when Big Brother and Second Brother begged him to do some wood work, he not only refused to do it, but also scolded: "There are wood and axes, so you can't do it yourself!" " Father, mother and sister all like Luban.
The three sons are getting older every day.
One day, the old carpenter called his eldest son to his side and said, "children, you are not young." You can't always point to dad to support you. Three-year-old cows (bulls) and eighteen-year-old people', you should learn some skills. Learn to be a carpenter. Dad can't teach you. My hands are clumsy and my skills are rough. I have never received an apprentice. Take a hundred taels of silver, ride a fast horse and go to Zhong Nanshan to find the ancestors of the hermit carpenter! " The old man said and looked at the road bolt; Lu Shuan, who was lazy by nature, was sad and didn't say a word. He took the money, got on his horse and staggered away.
When Lu Shuan walked out of the gate, he thought, "Zhong Nanshan is 108 thousand miles away from here. Where can I find the owner?" So he rode around for three years. All the money is spent, the horse is sold and the bare bar is back. The old carpenter was so angry that he drove Liu Shuan out of the gate without saying anything.
The old carpenter called Rubin again. "Son, you are eighteen years old. Take a hundred taels of silver, ride a fast horse and go to Zhong Nanshan to find Master! Never be like your brother. " The old man said and looked at Rubin; Rubin was about to pout when he took the silver in tears and rode away lazily.
Rubin walked for a day and a night. When he asked, Zhong Nanshan was a distance from here in Vandory, and he felt depressed. He idled around for three years, spent all his money, sold his horse and came back with a sack. The old carpenter was even angrier. He picked up the elm stick and beat Rubin out with it.
The old carpenter called Lu Ban, touched Lu Ban's head with tears and said, "Son, your two worthless brothers have been kicked out by me. Dad's hope for life this time depends on you alone." You can't let dad's heart cool to the end. Don't be like your two brothers ... "Before Dad finished, Lu Ban took it and said," Dad, don't worry! My son has wrapped the silver and prepared the horse, just waiting for your order. If I can't find a master and learn the craft well, I'll never come back to see you again! "
Lu Ban said goodbye to his parents and mounted his horse and ran west. The old carpenter looked at his son's back, wiped his tears, and kept muttering to himself: "It's still Lu Ban ..."
Luban whipped the horse, and people were anxious about the horse. They ran more than 300 miles a day. Lu Ban walked for ten days and drove three thousand miles. The bare road came to an end and a high mountain appeared in front of him. The mountain is high and steep, the road is curved and narrow, and the road is covered with thorns and spikes. Ruban reined in his horse and began to worry. Suddenly an old woodcutter came from the foot of the mountain. Ruban immediately bowed and asked:
"Grandpa, how many miles is Zhong Nanshan from here?" The old woodcutter stroked his beard and said slowly, "well, go straight for 6 thousand miles and make a detour for 12 thousand miles." If you want to find a shortcut, you must cross the mountain. " Lu Ban asked again, "Grandpa, is there any way you can help me climb this mountain?" The old woodcutter shook his head: "Such a high mountain can't climb halfway up the mountain in a year." Lu Ban said: "You can't climb for two years in a year, and you can't climb for three years in two years. I won't go down until I get to the top of the mountain! " "
The old woodcutter listened to him so firmly and admired him very much. He smiled and said, "Take my sickle and use it to cut thorns and pick stones. You can go up soon." When Lu Ban heard that the coke was broken, he walked up the mountain with a sickle. When the sickle was gently pulled to the ground, the thorns and sharp stones were separated, and he soon reached the top of the mountain. Lu Ban hung the sickle on a big tree, got on his horse and ran to the west road.
Luban walked for another ten days, and then drove three thousand miles. The bare road came to an end again, and a big river flowed in front of him. Dark green river, throwing a stone, can't turn over the splash for a long time. Luban stopped his horse and began to worry again. At this moment, a small boat came across the river, and a young fisherman sat on the bow. Lu Ban immediately bowed and asked, "Brother, how many miles is it from here to Zhong Nanshan?" The fisherman calculated and said, "Well, go straight for 3000 miles and turn 6000 miles. If you want to find a shortcut, you must cross this big river. " Lu Ban then asked, "Brother, can you find a way to let me cross the river?" The fisherman frowned and said, "this can't be done!" This river is wide and deep, and has drowned countless passers-by since ancient times! " Lu Ban said: "I am not afraid that the water depth is bottomless, and the river is wide to the horizon. I will not look back until I cross this river!" " Seeing that Luban was very strong, the fisherman smiled and said, "Brother, take the boat away at once and I will take you across the river." "
Lu Ban crossed the river and ran up the avenue, chasing the wind and the sun for another ten days, three thousand miles behind. The bare avenue came to an end again, and a high mountain appeared in front of me. Lu Ban thought, "I'm afraid this mountain is the end of Nanshan." There are many peaks and 1000 winding paths. Which way is the mountain? Luban is worried again. At this time, he found a small room at the foot of the mountain, and an old lady sat at the door of the room. Lu Ban immediately took the lead and bowed: "Grandma, how many miles is Zhong Nanshan from here?" Grandma opened her mouth and replied, "Go straight for a hundred miles and bend for three hundred miles; 300 mountains and 300 immortals, which one are you looking for? Hearing this, Lu Ban quickly replied, "Which way should I go to meet the carpenter's ancestors?" The old lady said, "There are 999 roads, and the one in the middle is it!" " ""Luban thanked him at once, counted 499 from the left and 499 from the right, set foot on the middle path, and rode to the mountain.
When Lu Ban reached the top of the mountain, he saw several bumps in a forest. When he came closer, he saw three houses slip away. Lu Ban gently pushed open the door. There were broken hammers and chisels everywhere in the room, and even his feet could not be inserted. Lu Ban looked at the bed and saw a white-haired old man stretching his legs to sleep, snoring like thunder. Lu Ban thought, "This old man must be the carpenter's father." Lu Ban didn't disturb the master, put the broken saw away and put it in a wooden box, then sat on the bench and waited for the master to wake up.
The master slept so hard that he didn't wake up after turning over several times. It was not until the sun went down that he opened his eyes and sat up.
Lu Ban stepped forward and knelt on the ground carefully. He said, "Master, my apprentice came to the door today and asked the master to accept me as an apprentice."
The master asked, "What's your name? Where did it come from? "
Lu Ban replied, "My name is Lu Ban, and I come from Lujiawan outside Wan Li."
The master asked again, "Why did you come to me to study?"
"Because you are the founder of the carpenter!" Lu Ban answered very simply.
The master paused and said, "I want to ask you a question." If I get it right, I'll take you there. " If your answer is incorrect, don't blame the master for not accepting you. How can you go back? "
Lu Ban's heart jumped slightly and said, "I can't answer today, so I'll answer tomorrow." When to answer, when to let the master bring it in! "
The master said, "How many big stilts and two stilts are there in three ordinary rooms?" ? How many purlins (beams supporting the rafters of houses) and rafters (Chuán) (slats placed on purlins to support the roof)? "
Lu Ban answered, "There are three ordinary houses, three big rafters, three two rafters, twenty purlins and one hundred rafters. I counted it when I was five years old. "
The master nodded gently and then asked, "Some people can learn a skill in three months, while others must learn it in three years.". Where are the roots of three months and three years? "
Lu Ban thought for a moment and replied: "The skills learned in three months are rooted in the eyes; The skills I learned in three years are rooted in my heart. "
Lao shifu nodded gently again, and then put forward the third question:
"A carpenter master taught two apprentices, and the big apprentice earned a golden hill with an axe; An axe of the second disciple carved a name in people's hearts. If you learn your craft well, which apprentice will you learn from? "
Lu Ban immediately replied, "Learn the second one."
The master stopped asking, "Well, since you have answered all the questions, I have to accept you." But there is one thing. If you want to learn from me, you must use my furniture. I haven't used these things for 500 years. Please take it to repair! "
Lu Ban stood up, put the wooden box with "household appliances" next to the grindstone and took it out in the same way. Only then did he see clearly that the axe had teeth, the long saw didn't even leave a tooth, and the two chisels were bent, bald and covered with rust. Ruban didn't even breathe, rolled up his sleeves and crushed them. During the day and at night, my arms are sore and my hands are covered with blood bubbles. The tall and thick grindstone grinds like a crescent moon. Luban grinded for seven days and seven nights, the axe sharpened, the long saw sharpened its teeth, the chisel sharpened its blades, and all the "household utensils" were sharpened quickly and brightly. Lu Ban gave it to his master as usual; The master just nodded after reading it, without even saying a word of "yes" or "no".
"In order to try your grinded saw, I want you to cut down the big tree in front of the door. It has been growing for 500 years. "
Luban walked to the big tree with a saw on his shoulder. The big tree was so thick that he didn't catch his arm. Look up! The top of the tree almost reaches the sky. Lu Ban sat under the big tree and sawed it for twelve days and twelve nights before sawing it down. Luban came into the house with a big saw to meet his master.
The old master also ordered: "In order to try this axe you have ground, I want you to cut this big tree into a big bucket. Let it shine without burrs, as round as the moon of the fifteenth. "
Lu Ban turned and went out with an axe. It takes an axe to cut off the branches and scars of this tree, and twelve days and twelve nights to cut down a big shovel. He picked up an axe and went into the house to meet his master.
The master then ordered, "Not yet. In order to try your chisel, I want you to cut 2400 holes in the ladle: 600 squares, 600 circles, 600 blunt shapes and 600 flat shapes. "
When Lu Ban lifted the chisel, he dug it up, only to see a burst of flowers flying around, and the more he chiseled, the more energetic he became. For twelve days and twelve nights, I chiseled 2,400 eyes. Lu Ban took the chisel to see the master again.
Lao shifu is very happy this time. He left Hua Teng's chair, picked up the chisel in Lu Ban's hand, wiped the sweat from Lu Ban's face, praised him and said, "Good boy, nothing can beat you. I will definitely teach you all my skills. " Then he took Lu Ban to the West Room. On entering the room, Lu Ban opened his eyes wide, and his eyes were not enough. It turns out that there are many models in this room, all kinds of pavilions, bridges, towers, chairs, stools and cabinets are particularly beautiful. The master smiled and said, "You just have to take them off one by one and put them on again. Every model has to be removed and reinstalled. " Once it is dismantled, your craft will be very good. Just concentrate on your studies, and I won't nag you. "Master said and went out.
Ruban picked up the model and turned it over to look away, but he didn't want to put it down. Master asked me to open it, and he did it three times. Every day, I saw him enter the house, but he didn't leave the house. If the rice is cold, it can't be eaten; My arms and legs are tired, so I don't want to stretch. Every day when the host comes to see him before going to bed, Lu Ban dismantles the security guards in the house. When I woke up from my sleep, I saw Luban still tearing down the house. When the master urged him to sleep, he just answered casually, but the model in his hand didn't go down.
In this way, Lu Ban studied hard for three years and learned this craft. In order to test how he studied, the master destroyed all the models, and Lu Ban recreated them with a solid memory. The master put forward many new styles for him to make. After careful consideration, Lu Ban can quickly make them according to the owner's requirements. The host is very satisfied.
One day, the old master called Lu Ban and said, "Disciple, three years have passed, and you have learned your craft well. It's time to go down the mountain today! "
Hearing this, Lu Ban's heart suddenly cooled. He said, "That won't do. I haven't learned my craft yet. I have to study for another three years! "
The master smiled. "Learn by yourself later. Everything you say today has to go down the mountain! " The apprentice is leaving. What should the master give him? The master thought for a moment and said, "I'll give you your axe, long saw and chisel!" " "
Lu Ban looked at the master blankly and cried, "What did the poor apprentice leave for the master!"
Hearing this, the teacher laughed: "The master has no requirements for you, as long as you don't lose the reputation of the master."
Lu Ban said goodbye to the master with tears and went down the mountain.
On Lu Ban's way back, he didn't find the grandmother who led the way, the fisherman who crossed the river, or the old woodcutter who delivered the knife across the mountain. In order to repay their kindness, Lu Ban built a big temple at the foot of Zhong Nanshan, a bridge over the river and a big tower on the mountain he crossed for the first time. It is said that these things are still here today.
Lu Ban returned home, met his parents, took the axe given by his master, and remembered his instructions. He did many good deeds for people and left many touching stories. Later, the world honored him as the founder of carpenters. A long time ago, there were no umbrellas in the world. At that time, it was inconvenient for people to go out in summer. The sun burned my skin. Wet your clothes on rainy days. Lu Ban is eager to help people solve this difficulty. He thought, if only he could make something that can shelter from the wind and rain.
Lu Ban used a lot of brains. Later, he and several carpenters built a pavilion by the roadside. The top of the pavilion is very sharp, supported by several pillars around it. Then, they built a pavilion every other road and built many pavilions. In this way, it is much more convenient for people to walk. When it rains, hide; The sun is uncomfortable. Take a rest and catch your breath.
Lu Ban did a good thing for everyone, and everyone was very grateful to him. But Luban himself is not satisfied. He thought, what should we do if the rain doesn't stop? People can't always stay in the pavilion.
We must find another way! Lu Ban thought: If only we could make the pavilion smaller and let everyone carry it! But what can be done to make the pavilion light and smart? For this matter, he can't eat well and sleep well.
Luban thought for many days, but he still didn't come up with it. One day, it was very hot, and he was sweating while working. Suddenly I saw many children playing by the lotus pond. After a while, a child picked a lotus leaf and put it upside down on his head.
Lu Ban thought it was fun and asked them, "What are you doing with a lotus leaf on your head?" The child said noisily, "Master Lu, look, the sun is like a big fire wheel. With lotus leaves on our heads, we are not afraid of the sun. "
Lu Ban grabbed a lotus leaf and looked at it again and again. Lotus leaf is round, with veins on one side and a cover on its head, which is light and cool.
Lu Ban's heart lit up. He hurried home, found a bamboo, chopped it into many thin strips, and made a shelf according to the appearance of lotus leaves; I found another sheepskin, cut it into a circle and put it on the bamboo frame. "All right, all right!" He cried with joy: "This thing can not only shelter from the rain and sun, but also be smart."
Lu Ban's wife heard him shout and ran out of the house and asked him, "What happened?"
Lu Ban handed the newly made thing to his wife and said, "Try this thing. Everyone takes it with them when they go out, so that they are not afraid of rain and sun."
Luban's wife looked at it, thought about it, and said, "It's not bad, but the rain stopped and the sun went down, so it's not convenient to walk with such things." If only we could put it away. "
"Yes, yes!" Lu Ban was very happy to hear this, so he started with his wife and turned it into a movable thing. When he used it, he spread it out, but when he didn't need it, he put it away. What is this thing? This is our umbrella today.