brief introduction
Jiangmen City was formed in the 4th century A.D./KLOC-and has a history of more than 600 years. It is the political, economic and cultural center of Wuyi area and the capital of China's famous hometown of overseas Chinese.
Jiangmen City is named because it is located at the intersection of Xijiang River and its tributary Pengjiang River, and Yandun Mountain in the south of the Yangtze River is opposite Penglai Mountain in the north of the Yangtze River.
As early as the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1368~ 1388), a fair was formed here. /kloc-At the beginning of the 7th century, Jiangmen market prospered due to commercial trade, and gradually became the trade center of the Pearl River Delta, where most of the goods in the middle and lower reaches of the Xijiang River were distributed. 1904, Jiangmen was opened as a foreign trade port, and Jiangmen North Street Customs was established, which is one of the eight major customs in Guangdong. Western modern industry and culture have also been introduced and developed. 1925, Jiangmen was designated as a provincial city. 193 1 year, the municipal organizational system was abolished and transferred back to Xinhui county.
1October 23rd Jiangmen was liberated. 195 1 year 1 month Jiangmen was changed to a provincial city. Later, it was successively under the jurisdiction of Guangdong Central Administrative Office, Zhaoqing District and Foshan District. 1983, Jiangmen city was designated as a prefecture-level city under provincial jurisdiction, and a new system of city governing counties was implemented, with seven counties under its jurisdiction: Xinhui, Taishan, Kaiping, Enping, Heshan, Yangjiang and Yangchun. 1988, Yangjiang and Yangchun were separated and Yangjiang City was established. From 1992 to 1994, five counties have been withdrawn from counties to set up cities, which are managed by Jiangmen City. In September 2002, Xinhui City at the county level was abolished and Xinhui District of Jiangmen City was established. Xinhui District has jurisdiction over Xinhui Town, osawa Town, Si Qian Town, Shadui Town, Gujing Town, sanjiang town Town, Yamen Town, Shuangshui Town, Luokeng Town, Da 'ao Town, Zhou Mu Town, and the District People's Government is stationed in Xinhui Town. Tangxia Town, Hetang Town and duruan Town of Xinhui City at the county level were placed under the jurisdiction of Pengjiang District of Jiangmen City.
Jiangmen now has jurisdiction over Pengjiang District, Jianghai District, Xinhui District and four county-level cities, namely Taishan, Kaiping, Heshan and Enping. Its jurisdiction is commonly known as "Wuyi". The common history, the geographical popularity of the same clan and the influence of overseas on Wuyi make Jiangmen Wuyi show a strong folk customs.
In 2008, the total urban built-up area of Jiangmen City and its municipalities was 65,438+098.87 square kilometers, of which the urban built-up area of Jiangmen City (Pengjiang, Jianghai and Xinhui) was 65,438+008.62 square kilometers.
The total resident population of the city is 465,438+10,000, and the population density is 405/km2. There are 52 ethnic groups in the population, of which the Han nationality accounts for 98.66% of the total population. Among the other 565,438+0 ethnic minorities, the Zhuang nationality has the largest population, accounting for 60% of the ethnic minority population. Wuyi dialect is a branch of Cantonese and the main dialect in Wuyi area.
Wuyi in Jiangmen is a famous hometown of overseas Chinese in China, with the reputation of "the first hometown of overseas Chinese in China". At present, there are 3.76 million overseas Chinese and compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan whose ancestral home is Jiangmen, and they are distributed in five continents 107 countries and regions. Among the overseas Chinese in Jiangmen Wuyi, 20% are in Asia and 70% are in the United States.
In recent years, Jiangmen has been drawing blueprints for urban construction and increasing investment in urban construction. A number of major urban construction projects, such as Donghu Park, Donghu Square, Wuyi Overseas Chinese Square, Academician Road, Chang Di Fengqing Street, Busan Park, Yuhu Park, Sports Park, Celebrity Square and Zhougang Square, have been built one after another. The urban functions have been further improved and the urban appearance has changed with each passing day.
When you arrive in Jiangmen, the most important thing is to see the watchtowers scattered in the countryside and bamboo forests. In the vast green rice fields, the winding river flows slowly, and there are watchtowers with different styles in the dense and tall bamboo forests. Every watchtower has a touching story ... tracing the watchtower is like opening a picture of the hometown of overseas Chinese and entering the past.
In addition to the watchtower, Jiangmen's landscape gardens abound. The latest eight scenic spots in Jiangmen's hometown of overseas Chinese are: the beautiful East Lake in Jiangmen East Lake Park, the bird of paradise in Tianma Village of Xinhui, the emerald peak in Guifeng Mountain Scenic Area of Xinhui, the Chuan Dao style in Shangxiachuan Island seaside tourist area of Taishan, the Liyuan Dawn in Tangkou Town of Kaiping, the wonder of Kaiping Diaolou, Enping Hot Spring Wonderland and Heshan Dayan Moutain Scenic Area.
[Edit this paragraph] The historical background and reasons for the establishment of Jiangmen City
Cities are suitable for rural areas. According to the dictionary, cities, that is, areas with concentrated population, developed industry and commerce and mainly non-agricultural residents, are usually the political, economic and cultural centers of surrounding areas. To study the formation and development of a city, its main contents include geographical location, natural conditions, economic and geographical conditions and historical development. Eighty years ago, Jiangmen became a provincial city from a town because of its natural and economic geographical advantages.
1, superior natural geographical advantages, laid a good foundation for building the city.
Jiangmen is located in south-central Guangdong Province, downstream of Xijiang River and west of Pearl River Delta. The Xijiang River in the Pearl River system mainly originates from the water cave at the eastern foot of Maxiong Mountain in Guyi County, Yunnan Province, and flows through Yunnan, Guizhou and Guangxi provinces from west to east. In countless ages, a large amount of sediment rolled eastward in the upper reaches of the Xijiang River and deposited in the calm water among countless islands at sea until a delta was formed, which was shaped like a replica of a human hand and firmly grasped the South China Sea of the Pacific Ocean with five fingers, namely Modaomen, Niwanmen, Hutiaomen, Yamen and Hengmen. Jiangmen is especially on people's wrists. It is said that five people from Xijiang go to sea. Relying on the Xijiang River, Jiangmen can reach Guangzhou, Hong Kong and Macau on the upper side, Zhaoqing, Wuzhou and Xinhui in Guangxi on the lower side, Kaiping, Enping, Yangjiang, Shuidong, Dianbai, Leizhou, Lianjiang, Zhanjiang and Hainan Island. It is a sleep barrier in guangzhou fu and a transportation hub in Siyi and even western Guangdong. Therefore, Jiangmen has always been a battleground for military strategists. Located on the Xijiang River, 3 kilometers northeast of Jiangmen, North Street is the gateway of land and water transportation in Jiangmen. Here, the river is wide and the water level on the shore is deep, which is suitable for large-tonnage ships to berth. It is a natural harbor with unique geographical conditions. It is precisely because Jiangmen has such natural and geographical advantages that it has become a coveted place for imperialism. After the Second Opium War from 65438 to 0860, imperialism opened more coastal and inland foreign trade ports in order to strengthen its economic and cultural aggression against southern China, and extended its magic hand to the Pearl River Delta. In the 23rd year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (1685), Guangdong Customs was established and Zhengshuikou was established in Jiangmen, commonly known as "Jiangmen Changguan". In the 23rd year of Guangxu (1897), Jiangmen became the first station for loading and unloading passengers and goods in Xijiang, a branch line under Sanshui. In June 5438+ 10 of the same year, Guangdong Customs set up an office in Jiangmen, which was the first time that Jiangmen was designated as a small entrance for people and goods by the treaty, and Jiangmen became a waterway transportation hub and commodity circulation center for foreign trade of Xijiang South Road. In order to further turn Jiangmen, a commodity distribution center and an import and export commodity distribution center, into a transshipment port for import and export commodities, and as a "bridgehead" for its penetration into the hometown of overseas Chinese in Wuyi and other markets in eastern Guangdong and western Guangdong, the British-led imperialism carried out economic aggression. On the fourth day of August in the 28th year of Guangxu reign (i.e.1September 5, 902), the Qing government was forced to sign the Sino-British Treaty of Continuing Trade and Navigation (i.e., the Ma Kai Treaty). On March 7th, 1904 Jiangmen Customs was formally established, and Guangdong Customs transferred Jiangmen and Ganzhu to Jiangmen Customs. The opening of the port and the establishment of Jiangmen Customs have promoted the development of land and water transportation, foreign trade and commerce in Jiangmen, expanded the radiation and influence on Wuyi and even western Guangdong, and further accelerated the pace of urban construction in Jiangmen.
2. The developed commodity economy has created favorable conditions for Jiangmen to build a city.
A city is the center of commodity economic activities in a region. In the society of commodity economy, it is difficult for a place to become a city only by administrative means, and it must be developed by commodity economy. Although Jiangmen is not close to the coast, it can go to sea through five gates, backed by Wuyi hometown of overseas Chinese, facing the province, Hong Kong and Macao, and can be called a treasure house for business.
Jiangmen's commodity economy sprouted in14th century. At that time, there was a small market at the top of today's market in Pengjiang District. During the first, third and fifth fairs, farmers and fishermen from four neighboring towns brought their agricultural and sideline products and fish products here for sale or exchange. Later, the market gradually expanded to the beach, and by the 6th century, it had developed into a very lively commodity distribution center, with "thousands of ships gathered by the river like ants". By the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, it was even more "merchants gathered and traded in the millions". All kinds of warehouses, fruit and vegetable warehouses, fish warehouses, pig warehouses, livestock warehouses and bamboo warehouses have been established one after another, combining retail and wholesale, and the goods are as far away as Guangzhou, Hainan, Zhanjiang and Yangjiang. Close to Xiangshan (now Zhongshan), Shunde, Taishan, Kaiping, Xinhui, Heshan and other counties, by the end of Qing Qianlong, Jiangmen had become a commercial and trade center in the western part of the Pearl River Delta, with restaurants, hotels and shops all over the streets, showing a prosperous business scene. In the 28th year of Guangxu (190), Jiangmen became a foreign trade port in Wuyi and even western Guangdong, and its commercial trade became more active. This can be seen from the ten-year report of Jiangmen Customs (1904 ~ 1965438) submitted by Grady, the fourth taxation section of Jiangmen Customs. In one paragraph of the report, it is described as follows: "Jiangmen connects all five human waterways in the delta and has been an important trade center in this area for many centuries. The appearance of ships as means of transportation makes the once prosperous civil ships gradually decline. However, in Jiangmen, all kinds of ships are crowded in the Jiangmen River, which may not be easy to see in other parts of China: navigation turbines are towering between people and ships; There are 6 ~ 12 sailboats of 300 ~ 400 tons from Singapore and India equipped with anti-piracy heavy guns; Equipped with two steamboats with gun holes and bulletproof plates to protect the cockpit, dragging a huge passenger ship with bright paint and bright flags to spray steam; Official salt ships, grain ships and civilian ships full of pottery or pigs, live ducks, fruits, eggs and silkworms; There are holes on both sides of the boat and sampan, and there are flowing water tanks for live fish; Some exiled lepers occupied it. The countless ships mentioned above make Jiangmen River very crowded, making it difficult for small boats to sail. Due to this frequent congestion, on March 7, when Jiangmen was opened as a foreign trade port 1904, the customs office was located on the right bank of Xijiang River (namely, North Street? Author's note), there is an excellent anchorage opposite. Therefore, large-tonnage ships do not need to enter Hanoi, and passengers and goods are transported from the city to large ships by civilian ships or sampans. " At that time, there were cloth, sugar, rice, matches, petroleum products, western medicine and medical equipment, adult fish and seafood, hardware department stores and so on. Every year, it is imported from Hong Kong and Macao and flows into the counties on the western edge of the Pearl River Delta through Jiangmen. Tobacco, tea, sunflower seed vermicelli, silk, fresh fruit and grass cloth produced in neighboring counties are exported to other parts of the province and all over the world through Jiangmen. Every year, the value of goods imported from Hong Kong and Macao and from inside and outside the province is 24.4 million yuan, while the value of goods exported to and outside the province is15.8 million yuan. At that time, Jiangmen was a town in Xinhui County, but because it was a waterway transportation hub from Xinhui, Taishan, Kaiping, Enping and Heshan Wuyi to the provincial capitals of Guangzhou, Hong Kong and Macao, and North Street was a commercial port of various countries, Jiangmen was a gathering place for postal services, electricity, highways and aviation services of Wuyi. In 1908, Tan Jian's Xinhui local chronicles commented on Jiangmen: "If the network is well organized, it is like clothes." After the opening of Jiangmen, land and water patrol police stations, telegraph offices, post offices and other institutions were set up, and manual telegrams and land and water postal routes were opened: businessmen from Britain, the United States and Japan set up 65,438+03 kerosene companies in Jiangmen, and churches from Britain, the United States and Canada also set up churches in Jiangmen to preach and increase medical care. Jiangmen has gradually become a hot spot for "Chinese and foreign mixed residence and business travel". By the end of Qing Dynasty, there were 27 air routes from Jiangmen to other places. In the early years of the Republic of China (19 12), Jiangmen became an important place for troops of various factions to station because of its convenient transportation and developed commerce. The geographical location and commercial advantages of Jiangmen Port have attracted overseas Chinese from Wuyi to do business, buy houses and introduce modern advanced technology. Suning Railway goes straight to North Street, Jiangmen Paper Mill, Jiangmen Guangxin Electric Power Co., Ltd., Jiangmen Lingxin Telephone Co., Ltd. and Suichang Match Factory were completed and put into operation, and Bank of China Jiangmen Branch and Guangdong Central Bank Jiangmen Branch were established one after another. By the mid-1920s, Jiangmen's economy had formed a scale, with foreign trade, commercial services, communications and post and telecommunications all reaching record highs. According to the statistics of Jiangmen Customs, in the Republic of China 12( 1923), there were 650,000 passengers entering and leaving Jiangmen Port, and the total value of import and export trade reached 654.38+0.778 million. Among them, imports accounted for 84.78%. Cultural undertakings have changed under the impetus of economic development and the influence of western culture. News, film and television entertainment, new schools and western medicine clinics (hospitals) have been gradually established from scratch. The introduction of tobacco, gambling, whoring and other underworld businesses in shopping malls has also flourished, and the underworld forces have gradually expanded. According to statistics, in 192 1 year, there are 70,000 permanent residents and floating population in Jiangmen.
Because Jiangmen has the above-mentioned geographical and economic advantages, on August 6th, 1925, the 2nd1provincial meeting of Guangdong Provincial Government decided to build Jiangmen Port into a province directly under the Central Government. The establishment of Jiangmen means the promotion of its political, military, economic and cultural status, and the enhancement of its influence and radiation on Wuyi hometown of overseas Chinese and even western Guangdong. Its performance is as follows:
First, the political and military status is prominent. The establishment of Jiangmen City coincided with the first cooperation between Kuomintang and Communist Party, and Jiangmen gradually became the center of workers and peasants movement in Jiang Hui and Wuyi. The Kuomintang, * * and various mass organizations use Jiangmen as a political platform to carry out various political activities. Warlords of various factions have also sent troops to settle in, and regarded Jiangmen as the "bridgehead blade" of the post-Wuyi market. On September 24th of the same year, Li, commander of the Fourth Army of the National Revolutionary Army, led his troops to Jiangmen to establish a military system. In the same month, the preparatory office of Xinhui County Farmers' Association held a county-wide farmers' congress in Jiangmen to implement the spirit of the first provincial farmers' congress, develop farmers' associations and establish farmers' self-defense forces; On February 9, 65438, Xintai County Branch of Guangdong Women's Liberation Association was established in Jiangmen. 1926 In mid-March, the 13th Division of the Eighth Route Army of the National Revolutionary Army entered Jiangmen; In early April, Jiangmen Student Union was established; On April 20th, the first congress of Jiangmen City was held, and the first executive committee and supervisory committee of the Kuomintang Jiangmen Party Department were elected. On July 1 1, fourth area appeasement committee was established in Jiangmen. 1927 1 month, the CPC Siyi Local Working Committee (later renamed Wuyi District Committee) was established in Jiangmen; In the same month, the Xinhui County Committee of the Central Committee was established in Jiangmen; In March, the Eighth Route Army of the National Revolutionary Army established Wuyi Guerrilla Command in Jiangmen. Even after Jiangmen was abolished on February 26th, 193 1, its political status has not been weakened. On March 1 day, Xinhui County Government moved from Huicheng to Jiangmen. The Jiangmen Party Department of the Kuomintang still maintained its original organizational system until 1934. After the "September 18th Incident", Jiangmen City established Jiangmen Businessmen's Economic Breakup Committee and sunning railway Federation of Trade Unions Anti-Japanese Association to organize people to carry out anti-Japanese national salvation movement.
Second, the urban landscape is changing rapidly. After Jiangmen was built, the city hall began to make urban construction plans and transform the appearance of the city. Starting from 1927, the city will carry out large-scale municipal construction, open and expand streets, build underground waterways, install street lamps, build buildings, build long dikes and develop parks. The bungalows in Xinlong Street, Xinshi Street, Zenghua Street, Li Anping Road, Xingning Road and Chang Di were demolished one after another to widen the streets, and arcade buildings with shops on the ground floor and residential buildings on the upper floor were built: buildings with 4 to 6 floors were also built on Chang 'an Road. 1928, the Municipal Promotion Committee was established, and more than 200,000 yuan of silver was raised through private donations, and a long embankment from Yulan (now Zhupaitou) to Juyuan intersection was built, with a total length of1.80km.. At the same time, Chang 'an Road and Diaotai Road will continue to be built, and Taiping, Tangbu New City, Baoshan and other 13 roads will be widened, with a total length of 3658.54 meters. Residential areas such as Renhe Li, Juehunli, Li Xingping and Taoyuanfang have been formed in the east of the business district, and more than one residential area such as Hongmenlou and Li Huaqing has been gradually formed in the south bank of Jiangmen River. Most of the buildings in these residential areas are planned and relatively unified. Most of them are two floors, but there are also bungalows and a few three floors. At the beginning of February/Kloc-0 in the Republic of China, after Jiangmen abolished the municipal organizational system, Xinhui county government moved to Jiangmen, and carried out large-scale construction, demolition of houses and rectification of roads. The county government set up a township office, and continued to build a long embankment in the form of cooperation between the government and neighbors. At the same time, 33 highways including laver, purple mud, purple sand, yangqiao, Xiangxi, Kuiwei, Canghou, Shangbu, Pumice, Zhendong, Zhu Yi, Yong 'an, Xinhua, Juyuan, Gu Lan and Xinye have been built. The road width is generally 6 ~ 1.4m, and asphalt or concrete pavement is adopted. On the eve of liberation in 38 years of the Republic of China, there were 46 main streets in the town, with a total length of 14.67 km, of which the total roadway area was128,900 square meters, mostly concrete pavements. However, due to years of disrepair, the roads are rugged and the drainage is not smooth. After the establishment of Jiangmen city, it was vigorously rectified, which completely changed the old appearance of Jiangmen town and appeared in Wuyi area with a brand-new image.
Third, the economy has leapt to a new level. After the establishment of the city, Jiangmen's territory expanded and its population soared. According to the statistics of 1930, Jiangmen has 15077 households with a population of 8 1874. The market is more prosperous and is known as "Little Macau". At that time, the transportation was developed, and a transportation network was formed, which was mainly based on waterways and supplemented by railways and highways. Only six passenger ships sail from Jiangmen to Hong Kong every day, and Jiangmen Port has become the second largest inland river port in Guangdong Province after Guangzhou. In the early Republic of China, despite the political turmoil, Jiangmen's business was very prosperous. Especially after becoming a provincial city, merchants from all over the country poured in, and hawkers in the four townships came in an endless stream. At 1932, there are 3000 merchants. Among them, there are more than 50 kinds of silk fabrics, more than 60 kinds of department store stationery, colored hardware and electrical appliances 133, 50 kinds of sugar, tobacco, liquor and tea industries, 59 kinds of livestock slaughter and meat barbecue industries, 24 kinds of aquaculture industries and 17 kinds of wine and tea tourism industries. Due to the gathering of businessmen and active trade, the financial industry has also flourished. There are 5 public banks, 4 private commercial banks, more than 50 banks (banks) and 10 pawn shops and insurance agencies in the city, which handle financial business in Jiangmen, Xinhui, Gaoming, Heshan and Zhongshan respectively. During the Republic of China, the jurisdiction of Jiangmen Customs was extended to Guang Hai, Shi Qi, Yangjiang, Yamen, Shuidong and Three Gorges. It is divided into five places: Dianbai, Bohe, Duhu, zhapo and Beijinkou. However, affected by the global economic crisis and Japan's invasion of China, the import and export trade gradually declined, and by 25 years of the Republic of China, the import and export trade had dropped to $654.38+$973,900. During the seven years from 1939 to 1945 when Japan occupied Jiangmen, everything was depressed. After War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory, industry and commerce gradually recovered and developed, light industrial enterprises such as batteries, glass and sugar were established one after another, and domestic commercial import and export trade, financial insurance, cinema ballroom and casino prostitute village flourished. Although Jiangmen was a small town of 30,000 people at that time, there were no management institutions such as telecommunications bureau, post office, shipping bureau, commodity inspection bureau and overseas Chinese affairs bureau. Public banks such as Guangdong Bank, Agricultural Bank, China Bank, Bank of Communications, Postal Savings Bank Bureau and Central Cooperative Bank still have branches in Jiangmen, opening 34 waterway passenger lines and 5 highway passenger lines, and also opening a seaplane passenger line in Suijiang, showing a prosperous scene. From the thirty-seventh year of the Republic of China to the eve of liberation, Jiangmen's economic development was severely restricted because the Kuomintang reactionaries lost their popular support politically and were on the verge of collapse economically. However, it is still a foreign trade port, wholesale market, transportation hub and center of finance, post and telecommunications and overseas Chinese affairs in central Guangdong, and its news, medical care, entertainment and cultural undertakings are still in a leading position.