(1) Jingchu culture: It is one of the most basic cultural types for the formation and development of Han culture. It is mainly distributed in the vast area in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, which is the local culture of the area where Liu Bang was born at that time. Fengyi was originally the territory of the Song State, and later established its capital here (so Fengxian County is called "the hometown of Henkel, the legacy of the ancient Song Dynasty").
(2) Qilu culture: namely Confucian culture. Its region is the lower reaches of the Yellow River with Mount Tai as the center. This area is mainly engaged in agriculture and silk weaving, and is rich in fish and salt because of its proximity to the ocean, thus forming the cultural and customary characteristics of this area. "Its vulgarity is slow and broad, but it is rich in wisdom, easy to talk about, more important than land, difficult to shake, afraid of people fighting, brave to hold thorns, and the hometown people are also the wind of a big country"; "Zou Lubin still has the legacy of the Duke of Zhou. He is vulgar and good at Confucianism, and he is prepared for the ceremony. He is anxious."
For Liu Bang, Jingchu culture and Qilu culture are familiar to the heart, and whether they are respected or not depends on the current situation. On the surface, likes and dislikes do not represent the thickness of cultural level. To be exact, a large part of China culture comes from Qilu culture, that is, Confucian culture.
(3) Central Plains culture: Chinese culture. This culture is mainly produced in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, where there is a prominent and civilized farming culture. Moreover, in the history of the Chinese nation, this region is relatively developed in politics, economy and culture, and has become the cradle of the formation and development of the Chinese nation.
(4) Guanzhong culture: that is, Sanqin culture. This cultural concept was born and formed in the upper reaches of the Yellow River and the Weishui River Basin, where the soil is thousands of miles, farmland is the best crop, and farming culture was formed earlier.
(5) Northern culture: namely Yanzhao culture. This cultural concept mainly originated from the Haihe River basin in the north, including Zhao, Zhongshan, Yan and northern areas in the Spring and Autumn Period. This kind of regional culture has something in common with the Central Plains culture, and is influenced by the nomadic culture of Xiongnu beyond the Great Wall, making it more vigorous and heroic.
In addition to the above five cultural subjects, there are Bashu culture, Wuyue culture and Lingnan Yue subculture, all of which have a certain influence on the formation of Chinese culture. At the same time, it was more influenced by the later Han culture, forming a unified "unified Han culture" throughout the country. Before the establishment of the Han Dynasty, cultural differences in China greatly restricted regional exchanges and the development of various undertakings. After Qin Shihuang unified China, under the advocacy of Li Si and others, although the cultural status quo of "different fields, different roads, different laws, different costumes, different voices and different characters" in the Warring States period was reformed, this work could not be changed overnight like a war, but it would take a long time for cultures from all directions to blend together, and a hundred schools of thought infiltrated each other and eventually condensed into the culture of the Chinese nation. Chinese characters, Chinese language and Chinese culture come from hundreds of ethnic groups, influencing all directions, and have had a far-reaching impact on the consolidation and development of the Chinese nation for thousands of years. As mentioned above, the main contents and basic gist of Chinese culture are formed and developed on the basis of the hundred ethnic cultures. Chinese characters, Chinese language and Chinese culture are all new cultural types formed through long-term exchange and integration, removing the rough and selecting the fine, removing the false and retaining the true. Especially after the two "great unification" improvements of Qin Shihuang and Han Liu Bang, the new cultural prototype was basically formed. After the practice of the three emperors, Wen, Jing and Wu, it became a relatively stable national culture. In addition, the vigorous development of politics, economy, military affairs, diplomacy, science and technology and culture in the Han Dynasty had a far-reaching impact on history, thus forming a specific title of "Han people, Chinese language, Chinese characters and Chinese culture". In the extensive and profound Chinese culture, its main contents and basic gist are as follows:
(1) "Governing by doing nothing" laid the foundation for the establishment of the Han Dynasty;
(2) "exclusive respect for Confucianism" contributed to the long-term stability of the Han Dynasty;
(C) "Dragon and Phoenix Culture" has become the spiritual symbol of the Chinese nation.
As mentioned above, "Dragon and Phoenix Culture" is a part of Xia and Shang culture, and it is a totem revered by Chinese ancestors. After Xia Dynasty and Shang Dynasty, the image of dragon and phoenix became more and more magnificent in the psychology of the Chinese nation. Poetry, songs, utensils and decorations all reflected the auspicious image of dragon and phoenix. Today, although no one has named himself "the real dragon emperor", the "dragon spirit", that is, the majestic image of dominating the wind and controlling nature, is still active in everyone's heart, inspiring people to make progress and strive for progress. The great influence of Chinese culture on the Chinese nation The Chinese culture initiated by Han Gaozu Liu Bang plays a very important role in the cultural development history of the Chinese nation and even the world. It has had and will continue to have a wide and far-reaching impact on China and the world. The development of Chinese culture, in a sense, represents the development of Chinese national culture, and its influence permeates all aspects of Chinese national development.
(1) The formation of Chinese culture is a symbol to measure the rise and fall of a nation;
(2) The culture of Han Dynasty reveals the basic position of politics and economy;
(3) The culture of Han Dynasty has a far-reaching influence on family values and ethics.
In a word, the extensive and profound Han culture is a whole that embodies the cultures of all ethnic groups. It embodies the psychology of China's national culture and is a "unified" culture that integrates and absorbs the essence of various types of culture, thus showing its universality and applicability. It not only has the basic commonness of national culture, but also has its own unique cultural personality and distinctiveness. It is a shining example of national unity, national unity and multi-culture moving towards a single culture, and its great achievements and profound influence are incomparable to any culture. Therefore, Chinese culture, as the "core culture" of the Chinese nation, is a cultural symbol of the Chinese nation, which embodies the spirit of striving for progress and self-improvement, and will still have a positive and far-reaching impact on China and the world in the future. [Edit this paragraph] Costume culture The costume materials in this period are richer than those in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and the deep costumes have also been developed. Especially in the Han dynasty, with the establishment of the clothing system, the distinction between official rank and clothing grade became more strict. Clothing fabrics in Qin and Han dynasties are still brilliant. Embroidery patterns are mostly mountain clouds, birds, animals or vines. There are various complicated geometric diamond patterns on the brocade, and the whole pattern is woven with words. In the third year of Jianyuan in the Western Han Dynasty (BC 138) and the fourth year of Yuanshou (BC 1 19), Zhang Qian was ordered to go to the Western Regions twice, thus opening up the land passage between China and western countries. Throughout the Wei, Jin, Sui and Tang Dynasties, thousands of silks were exported continuously, which was called the "Silk Road" in history. As a result, China's clothing culture spread to all parts of the world. Since the Qin and Han dynasties, there have been some developments and changes in deep clothing. From the point of view of the upper class in the Eastern Han Dynasty, generally tailored robes were institutionalized. There is not much difference between the clothing system of Qin Dynasty and that of Warring States Period, which ensures that China's clothing keeps the basic shape of deep clothing. Men's and women's clothing in the Western Han Dynasty still followed the form of deep clothes. Whether it is a single item or a cotton-padded jacket, most of the tops and skirts are cut and stitched together, and the upper and lower parts are still not stitched or stitched; There are Hanfu and underwear in the coat, and their leaders are exposed together and become rigid suits. Wear tight pants and keep the style of "praising clothes and big skirts". The first step is to wear different shoes. Belt. In the Qin dynasty, clothes were black. In the Han Dynasty, there was a clothing system. History books list more than 20 kinds of dresses, court clothes and uniforms for emperors and courtiers. The grade difference of clothing is very obvious. The main manifestations are as follows: ① On the basis of inheriting the old system, the crown service has developed into a basic symbol to distinguish grades; (2) The matching system was established as a symbol to distinguish official ranks. [Editor's paragraph] The rich period of China's food culture was attributed to the exchange of food culture between China and the West (western regions) in the Han Dynasty, and pomegranate, sesame, grape, walnut (namely walnut), watermelon, melon, cucumber, spinach, carrot, fennel, celery, kidney bean, lentil and alfalfa were introduced, which were mainly used for horse food, lettuce (namely lettuce), onion and alfalfa. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Liu An, the king of Huainan, invented tofu, which made the nutrition of beans digested, with good quality and low price, and could be used to make a variety of dishes. 1960, there were large relief stones in the Han tomb in Mi County, Henan Province, including the stone carvings of tofu workshop. Vegetable oil was also invented in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Before that, animal oil was called grease, angular animal oil was called grease, and hornless animal oil was called ointment. The fat is hard and the cream is thin and soft. Vegetable oils include almond oil, shea butter and sesame oil, but they are rare. After the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the types of vegetable oil became cheaper.
There are strict regulations on the consumption of rice and vegetables, and the difference in grades is reflected in the food etiquette. For example, princes and nobles pay attention to' cattle should be ranked, sheep should have millet, elephants should be straight, dogs should have beams, geese should be straight, fish should rise, and every gentleman should have food and freedom'. Cereals include rice, wheat, millet, millet, soybeans, red beans, pockmarked seeds and so on. Vegetables and fruits include mustard, sunflower, taro, ginger, bamboo shoots, lotus root, water chestnut, plum, bayberry, pear, persimmon, jujube, orange, loquat and melon. Meat food belongs to animals such as cattle, sheep, dogs, pigs, horses, rabbits and sika deer; Birds include chickens, pheasants, ducks, geese, partridges, quails, cranes, swans, turtledoves, snipes, mandarin ducks, bamboo chickens, fire-spotted chickens, owls, magpies and sparrows. Among the fish, there are carp, crucian carp, herring, hairtail and bream. In addition, there are eggs, all kinds of cakes and food and drinks in alcohol buried with him. The condiments used in cooking are salt, sauce, lobster sauce, sugar, honey, distiller's yeast, vinegar and so on. The daily diet of the poor is mainly bean rice and Tang Huo. "People generally eat bean rice and Tang Huo". There are more than twenty kinds of dishes. Every king eats 600, six animals, six clear drinks, 20 products for shame, eight things for treasure, and 20 altars for sauce. This tells us that the diet provided to the king should conform to certain moral norms. The Book of Rites says:' There are many people who pay attention to the ceremony. The son of heaven has six beans, six kings and two kings, eight doctors and six doctors. The folk food ceremony is "the ceremony of drinking in rural areas, with three beans for 60 people, four beans for 70 people, five beans for 80 people and six beans for 90 people, so it is also clear to support the elderly". Drinking in the countryside is a ritual for villagers to get together and drink at the right time. In this celebration, the elders are the most respected.
Gifts come from diet, and at the same time, dietary activities are strictly restricted. Not only pay attention to food specifications, but also have regulations on the placement of dishes. "Book of Rites Quli" says:' When eating, you eat left and be right, and the eater is left and the soup is right. Outside the stir-fry place, inside the sauce-fishing place, to the right of the onion slices and to the right of the wine paste. Those who abandon the custom of breasts are left behind. Translated into modern words, that is to say, whenever a simple meal is displayed, the dishes with bones are placed on the left and the cut pure meat is placed on the right. People have a dry food plate on their left hand and soup on their right hand. Fine-cut meat and barbecue should be kept far away, and vinegar and sauce should be kept nearby. Steamed onions and other ingredients are placed next to them, and drinks such as wine pulp and soup are also placed in the same direction. If you want to divide dried meat, breast meat, etc. It is curved on the left and straight on the right. This set of rules is also recorded in detail in the Book of Rites. When serving, take it with your right hand and your left hand; When serving fish dishes, if you cook fish, face the guests with the fish tail; In winter, the belly of fish faces the guest's right, and in summer, the ridge of fish faces the guest's right.
In the process of eating, there is also a set of red tape. "The Book of Rites Quli" says:' If you don't have enough to eat together, don't choose your hands, don't argue for food, don't put rice, don't sing, don't eat, and don't bite your bones.' Don't fight fish, don't throw dog bones. No solid harvest, no rice, no rice, no soup, no teeth. Guest flocculant soup, the owner can't cook. The guest apologized and the host resigned from the basket. It's better to swallow than to keep it in your heart. Don't worry. If the guest kneels before eating and takes photos after eating, the host will say goodbye to the guest and then the guest will sit down. The main meaning of this passage is: when you eat together, you shouldn't just eat yourself. If you eat with others, check whether your hands are clean. Don't rub rice balls with your hands, don't put extra rice in the pot, don't get your mouth wet, don't eat loudly, don't chew bones, don't put bitten fish back on plates and bowls, and don't throw meat bones to dogs. Don't stick to food, don't fan hot rice, eat rice with your hands instead of chopsticks, don't gulp soup, and don't stir vegetable soup in front of your host. Don't pick your teeth in public and don't drink dirty meat sauce.
If the guest is stirring the soup, the host will apologize and say that this is not a good cooking method; If the guest drinks sauce food, the host should also apologize and say that the prepared food is not enough. Wet and soft meat can be bitten off with your teeth and shared with your hands. When eating barbecue, you should knead it into a handful to chew. After eating, guests should get up and clean up the popular dishes on the table and give them to the host waiting next to them. The host will get up and ask the guests not to work, and then the guests will sit down.
Beverage: tea.
Wine, but it is cloudy and low in degree.
Snacks: Start preserving fruits by pickling.