Whether you are hiking or you find yourself living in the wilderness for some reason, one of the most important things you need to know is which plants and berries you can eat and which you should stay away from.

Identifying edible wild plants is a necessary knowledge for Into the Wild. Being able to determine which plants are inedible and why you shouldn't eat them is very important for your survival in the wild.

Therefore, when you are foraging in the wild for survival, you need to avoid the following eight poisonous plants.

azaleas, also known as azaleas and Shan Shiliu.

Rhododendron is a poisonous plant, which is usually distributed in south-central and southwest China.

Rhododendrons usually have dark green leaves, which are arranged in a spiral shape and produce clusters of white or pink flowers.

The leaves of Rhododendron are easily mistaken for edible laurel leaves.

The difference between these two plants is that the two sides of laurel leaves are the same color and smell very fragrant, while the leaves of rhododendron flowers have no fragrance.

Rhododendron is poisonous. If eaten, Rhododendron will cause hallucinations and diarrhea, and excessive consumption of Rhododendron will lead to death.

laurel, native to the eastern United States, is rarely distributed in China, and is often described as a "close relative" of rhododendron, which is as toxic as rhododendron.

Its leaves are dark green and shiny, and clusters of small white or pink flowers often appear.

Every part of laurel, including stems, leaves, roots and flowers, is highly toxic, which can cause something similar to azalea.

If laurel is eaten by mistake, it will cause serious gastrointestinal bleeding, which will lead to death, nausea, vomiting, paralysis, dyspnea and coma.

laurel is also easily confused with laurel leaves, but it can also be distinguished by the color and aroma of the leaves.

Ilex is divided into trees and shrubs, which are widely distributed in Asia, Europe, northern Africa, North America and South America. In China, it is mainly distributed in the provinces south of the Yangtze River basin.

Holly bark is gray or light gray, with longitudinal grooves, light green branchlets, lavender petals, outward rolling, oval or nearly spherical fruit, and deep red at maturity.

Although the leaves of Holly can be used to make tea, they are actually poisonous.

Intake of holly berries can cause vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration and other symptoms, which can be fatal in severe cases.

nux vomica is a tree of the family Strychnaceae, with a height of about 5-25m, broad oval leaves, an oval, hairless ovary, a cylindrical style, a round berry with a diameter of 2-4cm, and an orange color when it matures.

nux vomica grows in deep forests and likes tropical humid climate. It is mainly distributed in India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines.

Semen Strychni is extremely toxic, and contains brucine and brucine, both of which are highly toxic.

although nux vomica seeds are processed and used as medicine in traditional Chinese medicine, they have the effects of dredging collaterals, dispersing stagnation, reducing swelling and relieving pain.

But you should never eat it in the wild. The clinical manifestations of nux vomica poisoning are dizziness, chest tightness, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, itching all over the body, pain, rapid breathing, rising blood pressure, slow pulse and pupil constriction.

after that, there will be extreme muscle contraction, and the symptoms of convulsion may last for several hours. After convulsion, the muscles will relax, and serious poisoning may lead to bulbar palsy, asphyxia, and death due to heart failure and ventricular fibrillation.

Phytolacca acinosa is a perennial and robust herb, which is widely distributed in the south of the Yangtze River. The existing varieties in China mainly include Phytolacca acinosa (wild radish) and Phytolacca acinosa (Phytolacca americana, Phytolacca americana and Phytolacca acinosa).

Phytolacca acinosa usually has a smooth green-white stem, which gradually tapers to purple, with bright green leaves and purple-black berries.

According to its morphology, it is also called Amaranth, Radix Raphani, Phytolacca acinosa, Rouge, etc.

this plant, especially berries, seems to be an attractive foraging choice, but the roots, leaves, stems and berries of Phytolacca acinosa are all toxic, and the greatest toxicity is concentrated in berries.

if eaten, Phytolacca acinosa will cause vomiting, spasm and respiratory paralysis, which will lead to death.

Try to avoid contact with this plant in the wild, because the residue will penetrate into the skin and cause illness.

evening primrose is a plant species of the genus Evening Primrose, which is a vine-like plant with white flowers, dark green leaves and clusters of blue-purple berries.

Evening primrose is distributed in Northeast China, North China, East China (including Taiwan Province) and Southwest China (Sichuan and Guizhou).

All parts of this plant are poisonous, so it should be absolutely avoided. If eaten by mistake, it will lead to severe abdominal pain and indigestion, and it is also known that it will lead to paralysis and death.

When foraging, it is easy to mistake the evening primrose berries for grapes, but the difference between them is that the evening primrose berries are crescent-shaped while the grapes are round.

Therefore, if you see some juicy berries that look like grapes while hiking, you must pay attention to distinguish them, and make sure to identify them clearly before eating.

Ricinus is an annual or perennial herb, which is mostly distributed in tropical or southern regions and often becomes a perennial shrub.

Ricinus communis leaves are nearly round in outline, palmately 7-11-lobed, with serrated edges, oval and smooth seeds with light brown or grayish white markings.

Its seeds contain a lot of ricin, which will mainly cause liver and kidney damage to human body after eating ricin by mistake, and the carbohydrate metabolism will be disordered. The lectin in ricin can agglutinate with blood cells.

When humans eat these seeds, ricin can cause nausea, diarrhea, hypotension and seizures, which can last up to a week. Eating more than four ricin seeds may be fatal to adults.

Celastrus tumefaciens is mainly produced in Taiwan Province, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Yunnan and other regions of China, and grows in sparse forests in mountainous areas and shrubs beside streams.

Celastrus latiflorus is a woody vine, which can reach 15 meters in length. It is a light green twining vine with small green leaves, and its twigs grow in a zigzag way. The lower parts of the branches, petals and fruits are hairless, and the rest are covered with tawny fur.

First of all, don't be deceived by its name. This plant will not produce any honey juice. If you want to survive in the wild, you should never eat it.

Inadvertently contacting the residue of Celastrus orbiculatus with eyes will lead to serious irritation and even eye damage. If ingested, Celastrus orbiculatus can stop people's heart.

so, it's best not to add this plant to any of your food.

most plants in the wilderness are inedible because they are poisonous, and some of them can kill people.

therefore, if you want to survive in the wild, it is particularly important to know the characteristics of these plants when you are out foraging.

Although there are many kinds of inedible plants, you can pay attention to the families and genera of these plants. Many poisonous or inedible plants are members of the same family and genus.

Holly and Phytolacca acinosa, for example, both have brightly colored and beautiful berries, and both contain high concentrations of deadly poisons.

knowing the families and genera of plants can help you roughly judge the characteristics of this plant and whether it should be kept away.

Generally speaking, when you are living, it will be a long process to starve to death, but you should never die by eating poisonous plants by mistake.

In addition, there are poisonous plants endemic to this area in many areas, but not in other areas. If you want to survive in a variety of environments, you should know and learn how to identify local plants in advance.

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