Murals in the Tomb
On January 18th, 215, experts from Shaanxi Provincial Research Institute revealed that a mural tomb of Yuan Dynasty was found in Hengshan County, and the main pattern of the mural was 6 people, the owner and his wife, sitting and feasting. This mural tomb is the first mural tomb of the Yuan Dynasty excavated scientifically in northern Shaanxi at present. The shape of the tomb is complete and the murals are exquisite, which provides data for the study of Yuan Dynasty archaeology in northern Shaanxi.
Discovery: A heavy rain rushed out of the ancient tomb of the Yuan Dynasty
The discovery of this tomb was quite accidental, because the tomb was located in a relatively low terrain. Xing Fulai, a researcher at Shaanxi Archaeological Research Institute, told Huashang Daily that the top of the tomb was washed out by a heavy rain at the beginning of last year, and then archaeologists conducted a rescue excavation.
According to reports, the tomb is located in the west of Luogetai Village, Gaozhen Town, Hengshan County. It is a stone single-room mural tomb, which consists of a tomb, a stone gate, a tunnel, a tomb gate and a tomb, with a total length of 6.1 meters. The walls of the tunnel are all plastered with white plaster, the top is plain, and the two walls are painted with murals. The entrance to the tomb consists of a threshold, a column, a threshold and two stone gates.
The bottom plane of the tomb is octagonal, which is different from the rectangular shape in Guanzhong. The straight wall at the lower part of the tomb is 1m high. Except for the entrance of the tomb, the other seven sides are all made of two stones, and the stone with internal arc on it has a dome top, ***9 floors, and finally it is capped with a circular slate with a diameter of .8m..
It is reported that after the tomb was rushed out, some villagers opened the top of the slate and sneaked into the tomb to steal cultural relics, so that the tomb was damaged and some murals were damaged. The police later arrested people and recovered cultural relics. After learning the news that the ancient tomb was discovered, archaeologists immediately conducted a rescue excavation.
Surprise: the murals are painted like the owner of the tomb.
Although there are few artifacts unearthed in the tomb, there are exquisite Yuan Dynasty murals painted in the tomb, which are precious. What is particularly valuable is that it is actually painted with the appearance of the tomb owner. The main pattern of the mural is the tomb owner and his wife sitting together for a feast.
I saw murals painted in the tomb, with a single circle of flowers and red flowers with black leaves painted on the top of the tomb, and a black band separating it from the lower murals. The picture of couples sitting side by side in the back of the tomb is the main pattern of the mural of the tomb. I saw six couples sitting side by side on the couch, with a checkered screen behind them and a curtain hanging lightly on it. The male host sits in the middle, facing forward, and five ladies sit on both sides of the male host respectively, looking at the male host with their hands slightly sideways. The ladies all have left-handed short shirts, half-sleeved shirts with cardigans and long skirts. The appearance of the five ladies is clearly visible, while the male owner's clothing is clear, but the face and chest are damaged, which is quite regrettable.
In front of the tomb owner's mural, a rectangular sacrificial table was painted, on which a lotus leaf jar, a jade pot spring bottle, a hairpin (yí is a toilet), a bowl, a plate and a square box were placed for the tomb owner to enjoy. Three handmaids holding objects were painted in the northwest and southwest of the altar, and all the ladies holding objects raised their heads slightly and looked at the tomb owner. Three musicians were painted on the north wall and the south wall, respectively. The north wall was poorly preserved, and the musicians on the south wall played flute, Jian (a musical instrument of ancient northern nationalities) and pipa respectively. According to experts, the damaged murals may be dance pictures, and the whole tomb shows several tomb owners enjoying the dance and listening while enjoying the food provided by the maids.
The deer's milk in the filial son's picture shows the deer's milk in the filial son's picture
In addition to the scene of the tomb owner sitting and feasting, there are also seven pictures in the twenty-four filial piety pictures around the tomb owner and his wife. For Xing Fu, in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, people attached great importance to filial piety. Several mural tombs have been found in our province, and some 24 filial piety pictures were selected according to the size of the place.
It is reported that there are many versions of twenty-four filial piety pictures in the world, and * * * tells 24 stories. In this mural tomb, * * * draws seven filial piety pictures, namely "Shun Geng Li Shan", "Meng Zong cries bamboo", "Guo Ju buries his son", "Yuan Jue exhorts his father", "Wang Xiang lies on the ice" and "Bo Yu weeping stick". Some stories of twenty-four filial piety pictures are still worth learning and emulating. For example, "Boyu's weeping stick" tells that Han Boyu was very filial, and his mother taught him very strictly. When he made a mistake, he beat him with a cane, but he knelt with a cane without resentment. Until one day, when he was beaten, he cried, and his mother was puzzled. Bo Yu said: "In the past, my son made a mistake and felt very painful when he was beaten. I knew that my mother was very healthy. Today, my mother's strength can't hurt me. I know that my mother's physical strength has declined and I am worried that there will be little time in the future, so I am sad and crying!"
Disclosure: It is estimated that someone may be cremated.
Archaeological findings show that there is a coffin bed paved with slate at the back of the tomb, with a stone pressing the edge in front, and the coffin bed is plastered with white ash. For Xing Fu, because there is no epitaph and other content records, the identity of the tomb owner is unknown, but according to the clothes of the tomb owner, he found that the tomb owner and his wife were both Mongolians. At least four people were buried in the tomb. Because there are more burnt bones, it is estimated that some people may be cremated. Judging from the shape of the tomb and the characteristics of murals, this is a tomb of the Yuan Dynasty. In ancient times, how did couples bury their graves together? Some experts speculate that it is possible to put or bury the dead first in a place and then bury them together.
For Xing Fu, this mural tomb is the first mural tomb of the Yuan Dynasty excavated by scientific archaeology in northern Shaanxi at present. The shape of the tomb is complete and the murals are exquisite, which provides valuable information for the study of the Yuan Dynasty archaeology in northern Shaanxi. This tomb is quite different from the Yuan tombs in Guanzhong area in terms of construction materials, shape features, mural contents and funerary objects. For example, there will be black pottery figurines in Guanzhong area, but the tomb has not been found, and the bottom of the tomb is octagonal, which is rare in Guanzhong area. Experts found that the tomb is more similar to the tombs of the Yuan Dynasty in northern Shanxi and central Inner Mongolia. It shows that Hengshan had frequent and close cultural exchanges with Shanxi and Inner Mongolia at that time.