Bamboo shoot maggot is the larva of bamboo shoot weevil (called bamboo shoot). The bamboo shoot weevil eats a hole in the bamboo shoot to lay eggs, and a few days later it will hatch a bamboo shoot maggot. This kind of bamboo shoot maggot chews bamboo shoots all day and grows from the size of rice grain to the thickness of fingers in a week. When it is mature, it bites off the hidden bamboo shoots and falls to the ground with them. The villagers call it a bamboo shoot maggot that lays eggs. After the maggots "lay eggs", they will dig deep holes in the ground, tear up the bamboo shoots and drag them into the holes to form cocoons, and then pupate. Children like to play in bamboo forests, and they prefer to dig bamboo maggots that lay eggs. When they saw the tail of a bamboo shoot stuck in the ground, they pulled it up and found a hole in the ground. When they let go, they found that the grass stems moved. They knew that the bamboo maggots had not dug deep enough, so they dug with bamboo branches. If you drill deep, it's hard to dig. Most villagers catch bamboo shoots and maggots that are about to "lay eggs". In late summer and early autumn, the mountains are covered with small green bamboo shoots. When people see the yellow bamboo shoots at the end of the mountain, they know there is something inside. When pulling out the bamboo shoots, the bamboo shoots broke off with a "poof", revealing a fat and white bamboo shoot maggot, and they shrank back in a hurry.
Villagers eat bamboo shoots and maggots, which can be cooked or eaten raw. Some caught fat bamboo shoots maggots on the mountain, unscrewed their heads and put them in their mouths, saying that the more they chew, the better they taste. Children like to play with bamboo shoots and nose worms. They tied it with a thread and let it fly humming. When they are tired of playing, they will "click" on its ass and eat it raw, which is also a way to eat. Of course, raw food tastes far less than cooked food.
In late summer and early autumn, there are many bamboo maggots on the market in Zhuxiang. Every afternoon, the streets in the county town are filled with buckets of bamboo maggots. Bamboo shoot maggot is really delicious. Recently, it has been found to have the effect of "aphrodisiac" and is called "Viagra" in bamboo worms. Although the market price is as high as 40 yuan a kilogram, it is still a hot commodity. Bamboo shoots and maggots are all fried in oil pan. Drop out of school? The fragrance is overflowing and the taste is far better than other insects. Lieting Hotel in Zhuxiang uses various cooking methods, such as fried bamboo shoots maggots, salted bamboo shoots maggots, roasted bamboo shoots maggots and soy sauce bamboo shoots maggots ... Once foreign guests taste them, they will be welcomed. y! This restaurant also uses salt and pepper weevil as a side dish before meals. Its shell is hard and its taste is worse.
Nowadays, the dishes of bamboo shoots and maggots have gradually spread to neighboring counties and cities. If you want to eat authentic good food, you must come to Leshan Zhuchuan.
Bamboo worm, also known as bamboo bee and bamboo maggot, is called "bamboo shoot maggot" by Guangning people. It eats tender bamboo shoots to absorb nutrients, grows from the size of rice grains to the size of fingers within 20 days, parasitizes in bamboo tubes, eats from bamboo tips section by section, and finally hides in roots, stops eating and prepares to break out of pupa.
It is recognized that bamboo worms are rich in high protein and amino acids. Look at the bamboo worms. It is fat and white, about 3 cm long, spindle-shaped, round, with thin eyes and a small black mouth. Some people praise it as cute, others hate it. But bamboo worms are sweet and fragrant, as if they taste like cream.
Allium mongolicum Regel is a special food in Xinjiang. It is said that May to June is the production season every year. It is not only green, but also has the effect of strengthening the body. At present, the Bogda Food Garden in Xinjiang is airlifted from Xinjiang every day, which is the essence of heaven and earth.
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"Bamboo maggot" is a delicious food to entertain guests. After more than two years of field observation and indoor artificial breeding, we have learned about its life history and basic biological habits.
The adult of this insect occurs from July to September every year, and the peak of adult emergence is from mid-July to mid-August. Adults mate and lay eggs at night, and the eggs are produced in pieces on the bracts or epidermis of bamboo shoots. The egg period is 12- 18 days; After hatching, the larvae climb to the tip of bamboo shoots, gather in a small piece at a suitable place, and alternately make holes in the middle. This hole is called the entrance hole, and all newly hatched larvae drill into the bamboo shoot cavity from the entrance hole within 10 hour. After the larvae enter the bamboo shoot cavity, they collectively bite another hole on the bamboo shoot node or the last bamboo shoot node. This hole is called the exit hole, which is reserved for adults to leave bamboo in the future. Larvae go up in the bamboo shoot cavity section by section, eat bamboo membrane and bamboo inner wall at the same time, and pass through the hole when they meet the internal diaphragm. This hole is called a passage hole. If the bamboo shoot has two egg pieces, the larva hatched from each egg piece has its own entrance hole, and the diaphragm of the bamboo joint also has its own passage hole, each in its own way. The larvae gnaw at the bamboo wall and move upward with the growth of bamboo shoots, and molt for four times within 40-45 days after entering the bamboo cavity to become fifth instar worms; About 60 days after entering the bamboo cavity, the 5th instar worm will descend to the bamboo joint or one of the bamboo joints along the passage hole on the transverse wall of the bamboo joint, spin silk and secrete sticky substances to form a film lining and stick to the inner wall of the bamboo cavity, and then hang on it for the winter. The overwintering larvae did not begin to pupate in the bamboo cavity until the middle and late May of the following year. The whole larval period was about 300 days, spanning the second half and the first half of the year. At the beginning of July, the pupae began to emerge as adults, and the pupa period was about 50 days.
Bamboo borer occurs once a year in Dehong Prefecture, and is preliminarily identified as a new species by relevant experts. The bamboo borer was initially proposed by us, and its scientific name needs to be named after being identified by relevant experts. The life history and biological habits of bamboo moth are reported for the first time at home and abroad.
Key words: study on biological habits of bamboo borer
The "bamboo maggot" that people eat in Dehong Prefecture is a nocturnal insect larva of Lepidoptera, which has not been named in academic circles and its biological characteristics have not been fully described. After more than two years of observation and research, we have found out the biological characteristics of this unknown insect, and temporarily named it bamboo shoot moth in adult Chinese. The reasons for this name are as follows: ① its larvae only eat the inner wall of young bamboo shoots, stay in the bamboo cavity for as long as 10 months, and overwinter and pupate in the bamboo cavity; (2) eclosion, mating and spawning are all carried out at night; ③ Adults lay eggs on the outer surface of tender bamboo shoots, and all the larvae hatched from the eggs enter the cavity of tender bamboo shoots within 10 hour. From 1999, under the leadership of the teacher, we made a detailed observation and study on the life history and biological characteristics of bamboo moth with the clue of larva "bamboo maggot", and the results are as follows.
1. Study on indoor rearing under artificial conditions
The first group of observation experiments.
Since September, 2000, we have put the 5th instar mature larva into a bamboo shoot tube, and artificially raised it indoors by the following five methods, and observed the feeding effect.
On June 7th and September 7th, 65438, 40 mature 5-year-old larvae were put into the bamboo shoot tube without changing the bamboo shoots. As a result, the larvae withered and died with the drying of young bamboo shoots, and all of them died at the end of June. See photos 1 and 2.
2. On September 7th, 60 mature 5th instar larvae were put into the tender shoot tube, and the tender shoot tube was replaced every 15 days. Every time the tender bamboo shoots are replaced, the larvae spin silk and form a round film. As a result, the larvae gradually became thinner and died, and all of them died at the end of 12, as shown in Figures 3 and 4.
3. On June 7th, 10, 50 mature larvae of 5th instar were put into tender bamboo shoots, and the tender bamboo shoots were inserted into water, and the tender bamboo shoots and water were changed every 15 days. From 65438+February, the larvae gradually became smaller and died one after another. From February of 200 1 year, the tender bamboo shoots and water should be replaced every 30 days. By May 26th, 20001year, only eight undead larvae had become thin and shriveled pupae, and by the end of August, none of them had emerged into adults. See photos 5, 6 and 7.
4. On September 27th, bamboo with 5-year-old mature larvae was moved indoors and cultivated in live bamboo (bamboo inserted in a bucket). By the end of June, 5438+February, the larvae were observed to survive normally. After observation, it was sealed again. The pupation began on May, 20065438 18, and the pupa was smooth and full, which was not much different from that in natural bamboo forests in the wild. On May 8, bamboo died of rotten bamboo roots, but the larvae living in bamboo were not affected. /kloc-On May 8th, 0/8, the bamboo was opened for observation and then sealed. There are 87 pupae and 2 dry larvae in the bamboo opened on June 20th. On June 27th, the pupation rate of bamboo larvae reached 99%. The pupae and bamboo were put into the specimen box, and the pupae began to emerge on August 1 1 day, and 78 pupae emerged on August 27th. Among these adults, 2 1 adult's wings are not fully developed. The fully emerged female adults laid eggs in the specimen box on the 3rd and 4th day after emergence, and the eggs never hatched, and the life span of both male and female adults was less than 6 days. See photos 8, 9, 10 and 1 1.
5. On the day of 200 1, 1, 10, we put two bamboo tubes, A and B, in the humid environment of the incubator in Luxi Veterinary Station for 10. 20 days 27C029C0 days; 30C0 was cultured in a constant temperature and humidity environment (simulating the external environmental conditions in June, July and August) for 25 days, and bamboo was opened on May 17. It is found that there are circular films and a large number of transverse filaments in bamboo. Five larvae began to pupate, and the larvae were thin. On June 20th, 57 dead pupae and 77 dry larvae were obtained. When the pupae were put into the specimen box, they began to emerge on July 16, and by the end of August, 47 pupae emerged into adults with quite incomplete wings in bamboo tubes. The female insect lays white eggs in the specimen box the next day after emergence. The life span of male and female adults is less than 3 days, and the eggs laid have never hatched. See photos 12, 13 and 14.
Observations and research conclusions 1:
In the experiment of cultivating 5th instar larvae in artificial indoor specimen box, 152 pupae were collected. By the end of August, 97 pupae had emerged as adults, 5 1 adult was fully developed, 68 adults were incompletely developed, and no mating behavior was observed. None of the eggs laid by females hatched into larvae. From this set of experiments, we can draw the conclusion that the 5th instar mature larvae no longer eat the inner wall of bamboo shoots, but must live in a closed environment with no light, little ventilation and high humidity in order to normally complete the physiological preparation for pupation, eclosion, mating and spawning.
The second group observed the experiment.
From July, 2000 1 year, we moved the tender bamboo shoots of1,2, 3 and 4 years old into the biotechnology activity room, and carried out artificial feeding observation and research with the following four methods. Details are as follows:
On July 27th, 1 year, the tender bamboo shoots newly entering the larvae in the wild environment were sawed off under the "entry hole" and moved into the bucket indoors for observation and research. After 10 days, bamboo shoots fibers aged obviously, and bamboo shoots were dissected on 15 days. It was observed that there were dead larvae at the end of 2nd instar in the 3rd and 4th bamboo cavities above the hole, and they shed their skin for the first time 1 time, and the bamboo membrane was not obviously rotted, only a small amount of excrement was found in the bamboo cavities, so the hole was finished. See photos 15 and 16.
2. On August 7th, the bamboo shoots with 2nd instar larvae in the field (bamboo shoots on the 7th day after the larvae entered the bamboo) were sawed off and moved into an indoor bucket for observation and study. After 10 days, bamboo shoots fibers aged obviously, and bamboo shoots were dissected on 15 days. It was observed that there were dead 3rd instar larvae and second molting in the 6th and 7th bamboo cavities above the hole nodes, the bamboo membrane was obviously rotted, and the excreta in the bamboo cavities increased, showing sponginess. See photo 17.
On March 8 17, bamboo shoots with 3rd instar larvae in the field were sawed off and moved into buckets in the biological room for observation. On the sixth day, the larvae drilled through the transverse wall of bamboo shoots, creating holes in the bamboo walls of the 7th, 8th and 9th bamboo joints above the holes, and the larvae kept crawling out and in from the holes, showing a state of searching for food in a hurry due to lack of food and food. On the eighth day, the bamboo shoots were dissected, and there were 77 4th instar larvae in the cavities at the 7th, 8th and 9th nodes above the holes, which molted for the third time. The bamboo walls and bamboo tips in the 7th, 8th and 9th sections were severely chewed and rotted, and there was a large amount of spongy mixture in the bamboo cavities in the 7th, 8th and 9th sections. See photo 18.
On August 25th, these 77 4th instar larvae were moved into the cavity of another tender bamboo shoot for further observation. On the fifth day (August 30th), bamboo shoots were sawn. The results showed that the fifth instar larvae, the fourth molting and sponge were mixed in the bamboo shoot cavity, and the bamboo shoot wall was seriously eaten. On August 3rd1day, these 77 5th instar larvae were transplanted into No.378 bamboo shoot on campus, so that they could complete the process of overwintering, pupating and eclosion in live bamboo under natural conditions. See photo 19.