During the New Year's Festival, local cannons and firecrackers should be set off to sweep the village, perform Nuo opera, sing folk songs and play martial arts, while the village elders use sieves to hold chicken, meat and wine, and insert bamboo poles tied with red peppers and green garlic in the fields to show off their ancestors. During the festival, Gelao people will also hold release activities, mainly wild animals and fish. Today, the Gelao Village, such as Xixiuwanzai Village in Anshun and Pingba Dagouchang, has the most grand New Year Festival.
Festival ceremony editor
Taste the new festival,
Taste the new festival
Commonly known as "Eating New Festival", the traditional festivals of Gelao and Miao, Buyi, Bai and Zhuang nationalities, especially Gelao. The time is the seventh day of the seventh lunar month every year.
First, a village elder or ghost teacher led boys and girls to the corner of a nearby field to pick some ripe cereals and fruits, hang them under ancient trees, then kill pigs, sheep and chickens, and sacrifice whole chickens, pig heads, sheep heads, nine skewers of pork and twenty-four bowls of rice to ancestors and gods. People are arranged according to seniority, and they bow down to their ancestors. Ghosts recite gelao language, and use bamboo whips to teach six animals about grains. Everyone follows them like students.
2 Festival activities editor
After tasting the New Year's Festival, local cannons and firecrackers were set off to sweep the village, perform Nuo opera, sing folk songs and play martial arts. The village elders used sieves to hold chicken, meat and wine, and inserted bamboo poles tied with red peppers and green garlic in the fields to show off their ancestors. During the festival, Gelao people will also hold release activities, mainly wild animals and fish. Today, the Gelao Village, such as Xixiuwanzai Village in Anshun and Pingba Dagouchang, has the most grand New Year Festival. [ 1]
3 holiday time editor
On the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, again
Taste the new festival
It is called "Taste the New Festival" and "Half-year Festival", and it is called "Yinguoding" in Bai dialect. It is a grand festival in the countryside. Farmers pick a few ears of cooked rice from the field, rub them into rice grains, cook new rice, kill chickens and ducks, and hold a family banquet, which is called tasting the new. Before the feast, the food will be served to the world and the ancestors, and then the new rice will be fed to the dogs, and then the new rice will be tasted in the order of the family. According to folklore, rice seeds were stolen from the sky. There was no rice in the world at that time. The dog crossed the ocean and ran to the sky, rolled on the seeds, and was covered with grains. When he came back to float in the Tianhe River, the grains on his body were washed away by water, leaving only a few grains on his upturned tail, which was brought back to the world before rice was produced.
In the mid-autumn season when the ears of rice are beginning to yellow, Bai farmers are jubilant to celebrate their own agricultural festivals and taste the new festival, and "enjoy" the fruits of hard work for the first time.
A few days before the New Year's Festival, I went to the rice field to pick early-maturing and abundant ears of rice, dressed in new clothes, wearing straw hats and carrying bamboo baskets. Before they went down to the field, they also lit the red incense and inserted it on the ridge of the field.
4 historical legend editor
According to legend, in ancient times, floods flooded the sky, causing disasters, and everything in the world was extinct. Yi ancestor a
Taste the new festival
Brother Du, with their own dog and a rooster, hid in the gourd and drifted in the flood days. After all the hardships, they finally drifted to Willow Bay on the Baltic Sea. By the time the flood receded, the gourd hidden by Brother A Du hung on the willow tree. When the cock crowed and the dog barked at dawn, a condor flew from the side of Yao, pecked through the gourd, and Brother A Du was able to survive. From then on, the world can continue. After the escape, the brothers and sisters were pleasantly surprised to find that there were still a few grains of millet stuck on the fluff of the dog's tail and two lentils under the dog's arm. It turned out that before the flood came, the dog had climbed onto the grain pile and played and stuck it. Thanks to the contribution of dogs, the five grains in the world have not been extinct because of flooding, and people's livelihood has been continued. From then on, the Yi people regarded dogs as the embodiment of Fulu and a life-saving partner. Feed carefully on weekdays, go out to work, graze and plow together, and avoid eating dog meat. Every New Year's Day or major festive festival, dogs should be fed first, and then people can eat. At home, the Yi people also cherish the rooster that crows at dawn. As long as it is a festive festival or hunting in the mountains, you must first look at the chicken divination to predict good or bad luck before you travel. They think that when the chicken knows the morning, it can foresee the future and have the instinct to predict the good and bad luck in the future. Legend of She nationality: In the sacrificial activities of She nationality, the most anthropological significance should be tasting the New Year Festival, because
Taste the new festival
It involves myths and legends about the origin of rice seeds. In this legend, rice used to be pearl rice in heaven, and Pan Hu, the ancestor of the She nationality, could not bear to watch his people eat a hundred herbs, so he stole rice from heaven. Unexpectedly, his behavior was known by the Jade Emperor, so he sent heavenly soldiers to kill him. Pan Hu fought against it, and was finally knocked off the cliff of Phoenix Mountain in Chaozhou, and fell to death on a big tree, and the rice was scattered. At this time, a sparrow flew to the tree and took the rice, but the sparrow accidentally dropped the rice into a crack in the rock. Another leech crawled into the crevice of the rock, stuck the rice seeds with its mucus, and finally brought the rice seeds to the world.
Seeing that the rice in the field turned yellow and mature, Pan Hu's wife, Yincui gorge, spoke: "This kind of rice was bought by my late king, so he should taste the new rice first!" Since then, she people have had the custom of tasting the New Year Festival. After harvesting rice, they will sacrifice the first bowl of rice to their ancestor Pan Hu, and sparrows and leeches have also received some special preferential treatment for their contributions to mankind.
I didn't pay much attention to this myth when I first came into contact with it. Later, I read in Lu Chunqiu that "the son of heaven tasted rice with a dog" and found that this was an important ritual of offering sacrifices to the gods in the ancient Mengqiu Moon. Today, people may have forgotten what is between dogs and rice.
Taste the new festival
Contact, but the ceremony of "tasting rice with dogs" is still preserved. In many places, people always worship their ancestors with new rice first, then give it to dogs, and then the whole family will have dinner.
The New Year's Taste Festival of She nationality and its legend reveal that She nationality is one of the oldest rice-growing nationalities. According to the excavation of cultural sites such as Hemudu and Huaihe River Basin, China, as the origin of rice, has a rice planting history of at least 8,000 years. In this long history, brilliant rice culture has been created, which constitutes an important part of Chinese civilization, and the original creator of this culture has a great relationship with Dongyi nationality, which is probably the origin of She nationality.
5 local folk editors
Bai (BA)
In the mid-autumn when the ears of rice are beginning to yellow, the Bai farmers are jubilant and celebrating their own agricultural festival-Taste the New Year Festival.
Taste the new festival
"First Enjoy" the fruits of hard work. Taste the new, the Bai dialect is called "Yinguoding".
A few days before the New Year's Day, I went to the rice field to pick early-maturing and rich ears of rice, dressed in new aunts, grandmothers and daughters-in-law, wearing straw hats and carrying bamboo baskets. Before they went to the field, they also put the red incense on the ridge. As a result, in the field where the harvest is in sight, cigarettes are curled up and flowing, and laughter is rippling ...
After people dried the collected rice, they beat it with a water hammer. In these days, the sound of rice in some villages is like a rhythmic and harmonious pastoral movement.
On the New Year's Day, middle-aged and elderly people and children like to sit under the big green tree in the village, or listen to people singing big Ben, or watch people beat the king's whip; Young men and women like to go to the shore of the lake and the dam, and sing the tune with the accompaniment of the leading three strings; Housewives of all households cook new rice at home and make "eight bowls".
The setting sun is on the mountain, and people are scattered. People hold banquets and light incense. They first go to Tianba to offer sacrifices to "Tian Gong Di Mu" and "God of Grains", and then go home to offer sacrifices to "Zao Wang Fu Jun" and "Ancestors". After that, just sit around the table and have dinner.
Dinner for the New Year is very rich. Such as pork ribs stewed with poached beans, white melon chicken, loach with bean curd and fried milk.
Taste the new festival
Bai ethnic delicacies such as fans can be seen on many people's seats.
There is no fixed day for the Bai people to taste the New Year Festival. Which village or family will celebrate the New Year's Day depends on the maturity of the rice ear sooner or later.
The Bai people have a long tradition of tasting the New Festival. In his book "The Customs of Yunnan", Xie Zhaozhe, a scholar in the Ming Dynasty, wrote the following words: "At the turn of summer and autumn, when the rice is not ripe, first take its young ears, flatten them and dry them, so as to feed the relatives, which is called tasting the new."
Over the years, which responsible field has been planted well, what new varieties have been selected and what measures have been taken to increase production have often become hot topics for people to talk about on the New Year's Day.
the Zhuangs
It is held every year in July and August of the lunar calendar when the new valley is mature. Generally, it's a single family, and neighbors and relatives are invited to live together. On the day of tasting the new year, every household cooks big new rice and rich dishes. Early in the morning, the women went to the field to cut green rice leaves for the shrine, offer the prepared food and fruits, burn incense and light oil lamps. When everything is ready, call the dog to the shrine, scoop up a spoonful of new rice, and give a little to each dish. In order to thank him for his contribution, let him eat first on this day as a reward.
Jingpo (JP)
The Jingpo people's New Year Tasting Festival, commonly known as "Eating New Valley", was originally a primitive religious festival held by Jingpo people after the grain was basically ripe before the autumn harvest. When tasting new things, people from various tribes and village communities gather together for the official; The elderly women who are trying to taste the new valley are dressed in costumes; Bamboo baskets for holding rice should be decorated with rice, beans, sorghum and colorful flowers. The collected rice was covered with big round green leaves and carried back to the official family. First, the old woman fried it in a pot, then the girl smashed it with her hands, and mixed the cooked rice with ginger, and then the wizard presided over the sacrifice.
The wizard presided over the sacrifice.
Thanks for the bumper harvest given by various gods. After the sacrifice, the wizard threw a small bag of new grain and vegetables wrapped in green leaves on the spot, which was intended for the wild elves to share. The reason why it should be wrapped into small bags is to prevent many ghosts from grabbing food sacrifices. When tasting new rice, although all the people in the village come to participate, each person can only get a small bag of new rice, and old rice is mainly added as a supplement when cooking. When the tasting ceremony held in Shanguan or Touren's house ended, the masses officially began to taste the new.
1980 years later, some Jingpo ethnic areas resumed the New Year Tasting Festival, which is usually held in August and September of the lunar calendar. Before opening the sickle, the master cut some new valleys and carried them home respectfully for the "ghost house". Sacrifices include eggs, wine, cakes and so on. Please ask the wizard to pray for "family ghosts" and other ghosts, and bless the millet from disaster before it receives home. After the prayer, the sacrifice was shared by the wizard and the old man. For dinner, let the dog eat first, and then the family and guests can eat. The reason is: it is said that the seeds of grain were brought down from the sky by dogs, and dogs have made great contributions, so people give special treatment to dogs.
Dong
"June 6, early grass is ripe." Dong people regard this day as a New Year's Day, and some places choose auspicious days to try new things. Taste the New Year Festival is the same festival in Dong area, and the content of taste the New Year Festival is similar everywhere. On New Year's Day, dogs are honored guests and new rice.
Dong
When the rice is cooked, let the dog taste it before tasting it. Because it is said that in ancient times, there was a terrible flood, which wiped out the seeds. It was a white god dog that crossed the ocean and rolled in the sun-drying flat of the Queen Mother of the West, covered with grains. When he came back, the grains on his body were washed away by water, and only the tip of the dog's tail stuck on the water carried a few grains. Human beings have developed to this day by these grains. In order not to forget the dog's contribution, the new valley should invite the dog to taste it first.
Achang (AC)
The Achang people in Lianghe and Longchuan also have the habit of tasting the New Year's Festival on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month. On the day of the festival, they will pull out a taro with the most seeds in the field, cut down a corn with double ears, tie it on a bamboo stick, put it in the corner, then boil new rice for cooking, and after the meal is cooked, they will first fill a bowl for the dog, and finally have a family dinner.
The fifteenth day of the eighth lunar month is a day to spend a good full moon, and it is also a traditional festival for Yi people to taste the new year. In Yi language, it is called "cut the drama and make a pu". At this time, the early rice in the field is ripe, and people take back the new grain, dry it in the sun, and store it with glutinous rice. On the day of the festival, we must spring out new rice and taste the new festival. If it's rainy and windy, it's baked with a kang, and new rice is produced in spring in Chu Jiu, so as to ensure eating new rice on holidays.
Yi ethnic group
Before eating on the New Year's Day, Yi people should scoop up a big bowl of rice to feed their dogs, and then people can start eating new rice. This custom has an unusual origin. According to legend, in ancient times, floods flooded the sky and caused disasters, and all things in the world were extinct. Yi ancestor a
Yi ethnic group
Brother and sister Du, with their own puppies and a rooster, hid in the gourd and drifted through hardships during the flood, and finally drifted to Willow Bay on the Baltic Sea. When that flood recede and the brothers and sister A Du hid the gourd and hung it on the willow tree, when the cock crowed and the dog barked at dawn, a condor flew from the side of Yao, pecking through the gourd, and the brothers and sisters A Du survived, and the world continued from now on. After getting out of danger, the brothers and sisters were pleasantly surprised to find that there were still a few grains of millet stuck on the dog's tail fluff and two lentils under the dog's arm. It turned out that before the flood came, the dog had climbed onto the grain pile to play and stick. Thanks to the contribution of dogs, the five grains in the world have not been extinct because of flooding, and people's livelihood has been continued. From then on, the Yi people regarded dogs as the embodiment of Fulu and life-saving partners. On weekdays, I feed carefully, go out to work, graze and plow together, and I don't eat dog meat. Every time, New Year's Day or major festive festival, you should feed the dog first = then people can eat. At home, the Yi people also cherish the cock crowing at dawn. As long as it is a festive festival or hunting in the mountains, you must first look at the chicken divination to predict good or bad luck before you travel. They think that when the chicken knows the morning, it can foresee the future and have the instinct to predict the good and bad luck.
The Yi people slaughter chickens for dinner on holidays, and the chicken hexagrams should be stripped and read by the elders in the ethnic group. If there are distant guests eating at the same table, the head of a chicken must be placed in the guest's bowl to show respect for the guests.
Yi people also have a special liking for gourd and willow, and regard willow as auspicious tree and gourd as a worship object; Eagle claw is an important instrument for Bimo's sacrifice to exorcise evil spirits. Yi people believe that the condor has saved mankind, and its sharp talons can pierce evil, dispel evil and promote good, with boundless magic power. When the Yi people have tasted the New Rice Festival, they want to take back their married girls, invite their elders, relatives and friends to invite each other, kill chickens and sheep, celebrate the harvest and taste new rice.
When the Yi people eat new rice, the elders are the first, and the guests are the first. The elders and guests should sit in the center of the main hall, and the elders should raise their glasses first, so that the younger generation can hold the bowls and chopsticks, otherwise it will be regarded as disrespectful to the elders and guests. During the dinner, Yi girls will fill your bowl with new rice while you are unprepared, indicating that you have enough to eat and drink, but avoid splashing and wasting.
That night, men, women and children, in the bright moonlight, played Hulusheng and Flute Lulu, played the big three strings, and danced the cheerful "Cetto Goo" around the bonfire. Unmarried young men and women meet in pairs, blowing willow leaves, singing love songs, and holding hands in a tryst among bamboo forests near a quiet village.
Lahu
Taste the New Year Festival is a traditional festival of the Lahu people. The Lahu people transliterate "Zhasi Oza", which means the New Rice Festival. It is held in July and August of the lunar calendar and lasts for one day. July and August of the lunar calendar is the harvest season in Lahu villages. Whoever has the grain cooked first will hold the activity of eating new rice first. On this day, the host family will kill pigs and chickens, and invite neighbors, relatives and friends to taste new rice and rich dining tables together. Before the banquet, the incense wax is lit, and a bowl of new rice is offered to the goddess Elsa and the ancestors, and then a bowl of new rice is offered to the dog, and then new rice is offered to the livestock and farm tools.
According to legend, Ersha created Zadi and Nadi, the ancestors of the Lahu people, and according to Ersha's will, they married and had children. At that time, people had no grain to eat, so they had to eat dirt to live. Elsa sent dogs to bring grain to people and taught them to plant it. Lahu people are very grateful to Ersha, and when new rice is produced every year, it is first used to worship Ersha and the ancestors and gods. Lahu people can't forget dogs. The first bowl of new rice should be given to dogs.
Yao
There are many folk festivals of Yao nationality, such as Panwang Festival, Singing Festival, Taste the New Year Festival, Bullfighting Festival and Women's Day. Every festival contains rich connotations and meanings. For example, Panwang Festival and Singing Festival are both held to commemorate Panwang, who is said to be the ancestor of Yao people. On the seventh day of the seventh lunar month every year, it is said that it is the birthday of King Pangu. On this day, the Yao family will sing "Song of King Pangu" to praise the kindness of King Pangu, so it is also called "Singing Festival".
The sixth day of June is the New Year Tasting Festival for Yao people. On this day, the earliest ripe corn and rice are picked and made into meals for dogs before the whole family can eat. This is because it is said that the grain was brought by dogs. It is said that a long time ago, when Yao ancestors were migrating, their boats were overturned because of the wind and waves, and all the grain fell into the sea. Just as people were learning about their future life, some people were surprised to find a few grains from the dog's tail, so they planted it in the ground and took good care of it. After autumn, they harvested a lot of food, and the Yao people weathered the storm. Therefore, in order to remember the kindness of dogs, people naturally cook rice and give it to dogs first as a reward.
"Women's Day" is the second day of the second month of the lunar calendar every year. Yao women give each other a taste of the prepared banana Baba, in order to remember Pan Jinmei, the offspring of the Yao family.
Wazu
Taste the New Festival-the customs and habits of the Yi people in Dehong, Yunnan Province. In the heyday of the Yi people in Dehong, Yunnan Province, the ancient Yi people have moved to Dehong Prefecture, Yunnan Province for more than 200 years. Although they live together with ethnic groups such as Dehong Jingpo, Achang, Dai and Han, they still retain their unique customs and habits. Dehong Wa nationality's wide season is the most grand festival in a year, which literally means New Year, and the activities are very rich. On the New Year's Eve in Dehong, the old people pay homage to the ancestors of heaven and earth with food such as wine, meat and Baba, and symbolically stick a little food on the tripod, door and column of the fireplace. In order to thank the cattle for a year's hard work and the seeds brought to mankind by the ancestors of domestic dogs, please ask them to taste a little festival food first. Singing and dancing all day on New Year's Day, playing three-stringed, stringed, sheng, flute and other musical instruments, in the atmosphere of drunkenness and poetry, men, women and children all play. After shooting and hunting activities are held in the second day of junior high school, you can start a new year's work. In some larger villages, swings were erected during the broad season of Dehong Wa people, and men, women and children played for ten and a half days.
In the old days of the Dehong Yi nationality, the scene was not very lively because people lived in poverty and lived in scattered places. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, with the development of economy and the improvement of life, all ethnic groups are equal and United, and festival activities are becoming more and more abundant. 1989 and 1990 were held in Nongxian Village, Nongba Town, Longchuan County, Dehong Prefecture, Yunnan Province. Here, a wide field has been opened up, and a permanent wide-time sign has been built. On top of a brick-concrete structure sign with a height of 12 meters, a heroic portrait of the ancestors of Dehong Yi nationality with a crossbow is shaped. In addition to swings, songs and dances, the most striking activity is the "Shangdaoshan" sports performance. It uses 36 sharp knives to form a ladder more than 20 meters high and stands on the flat ground. It is climbed by trained brave people barefoot, and people are quick to witness the thrilling actions of the brave people. Shangdaoshan shows the national spirit of Yunnan Dehong people who dare to climb the mountain, dare to rush in the sea of fire, be brave and unyielding, and forge ahead tenaciously.
She ethnic group
She people in eastern Fujian have a tradition. Every autumn when rice is sickle-opened, they should choose a good day to hold a "taste the new" sacrifice activity, and use the newly harvested rice to grind rice, cook it into white rice, make it into glutinous rice, and so on. They worship their ancestors with reverence, thank God for their gifts and blessings, and then invite their neighbors to taste it and share the happiness of harvest. This is the annual "New Taste Festival" (also called "New Food Festival") of the She nationality. September 23rd is the Autumn Equinox Day, and the villagers in Xita She Village, Muyun She Township, Fu 'an City chose this day as the tasting new festival Xita in This year, which is a very famous She village in eastern Fujian.
The scenery here is very beautiful. A small mountain stream called "Xiuxi" gurgled down from the foot of Baiyun Mountain, flowed through the tower and flowed out of a well-known grape ditch. The grape valley stretches for four or five kilometers, with green trees and vines. From a distance, it looks like a long green brocade. On the day of summer and autumn, walking into the ditch, the shade is like a cover, and the water is gurgling, which is really refreshing and comfortable.
This grape valley is full of local "thorn grapes". Its juice is rich and sweet, not sour or astringent. It is very popular in the market, and its price is much higher than that of the popular variety Giant Bee Grape. It is the key product of Xita Village. Perhaps because of this, Xita people also call this small mountain stream "Caiyuanxi".
Xita is also one of the birthplaces of the blue surname She nationality in eastern Fujian. "Xitalan" is as famous as "Dalinzhong" and "Houmen Pinglei" within the She nationality. Every year, many clansmen with the blue surname return to the village to worship their ancestors. At present, there are more than 100 households and more than 600 ding in the village, all of which are descendants of "Runan Lanshi".
At the same time, Xita is also one of the famous key villages of She culture in eastern Fujian. It has successfully held many large-scale She songs and folk culture festivals, and received leaders at all levels, cultural scholars and news media. Xita Village is undoubtedly one of the most attractive She villages in eastern Fujian.
In July and August of the lunar calendar, the rice sickle-opening day of a household in She family is not only the new taste festival for this household, but also the "new food festival". [2]
According to the tradition of She nationality, the rice sickle must be opened on an auspicious day. They ground the rice cut in the first trip into rice and cooked it into white rice. First, they scooped up three bowls and lit the tea. Put it in a bamboo rice sieve, put it on a drying platform to worship heaven and earth, and then scoop three bowls. Light tea incense and take it to the left and right shrines and stoves respectively for offering sacrifices to local gods, ancestral gods and kitchen gods. After the sacrifice, several bowls of good food and wine will be added, and the relatives and neighbors will be invited to taste the new rice together. When tasting, please ask your elders to "move chopsticks" first to show respect for the elderly and congratulate them on their health and longevity. When tasting new rice, the more guests, the better. It is said that "one more person tastes one more person's food". Let's eat, and put a bowl of rice on the table. It is called "leftover warehouse".
6 Inheritance meaning editor
Taste the new festival "adopt the new"
The rice culture of the She nationality is also the key to our understanding of Chaoshan food culture and even the mystery of hipsters. Historically, diet is not just to fill the stomach, but actually it is a way of life, which will first affect people's body and then affect people's spirit. China has said since the Han Dynasty that "meat eaters are brave and defensive, while grain eaters are wise and skillful", which shows that the ancients have noticed the relationship between people and food. Parry, a contemporary American anthropologist, once pointed out: "Man is the product of the food he eats, not only his body is made up of the food he eats, but also his spiritual world is influenced by the food." The food culture in Chaoshan was first developed under the strong influence of the rice culture of She nationality. The eating habits of the hipsters also determine the physical fitness, diligence and shrewdness of the Chaoshan people. For rice culture, we need a broader understanding: it only refers to the farming culture with rice as the main part. In history, she cultivated not only upland rice and rice, but also cash crops such as beans, wheat, millet, millet, taro, bamboo, vegetables and tea. After Ming and Qing Dynasties, sweet potato and corn began to become new main crops. Many famous Chaozhou snacks, such as bamboo shoots, radish cakes, ping-pong balls and sweet potato porridge, are all related to these crops.
Although some foods have lost their original characters, they are still related to rice culture. For example, rice wine, "Book of Songs, Wind and July" says: "Rice was harvested in October, so spring wine was made." It is associated with rice and the spring festival to worship the gods. Another example is soy sauce and bean paste, which are important seasonings in Chaozhou cuisine, mainly from bean crops.