1. horseshoes are the toenails of horses. Horseshoe belongs to the skin (stratum corneum) of horses. The hoof is divided into four parts: the hoof edge, the hoof crown, the hoof wall and the hoof bottom. The hoof is also composed of epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous tissue, but there is no subcutaneous tissue on the hoof wall and sole.

2. The hoof edge is the hairless part of the hoof connected with the skin, with a width of about 0.5 cm and a semicircle. The dermis at the hoof margin forms a very sparse nipple, and the top of the nipple hangs down. The cutin produced by the mucus layer on the hoof edge epidermis covers the hoof wall downwards to form the outermost layer of the hoof wall, which is called glaze or hoof paint.

3. The hoof crown is located below the hoof edge and above the hoof wall. There is a groove about 1.5 cm wide in the cuticle of the hoof crown to accommodate the dermis of the hoof crown. There are many papillae on the dermal surface of the hoof crown. The nipple is conical, with the top facing down, and the surface is covered with epidermal mucus layer. Keratin produced by mucus layer forms the protective layer of hoof wall.