Guam, located at the southernmost tip of the Mariana Islands, is the gateway to Micronesia (collectively known as the Western Pacific Islands) and an overseas territory of the United States. The area is 54 1 km2. Population is1580,000 (2002). Chamorro people (mixed descendants of Spanish, Micronesia and Filipinos) account for about 43%, and the rest are mainly Filipinos and immigrants from the mainland of the United States, as well as indigenous people from Micronesia and Guam and Asians. English is the official language, Chamorro and Japanese are commonly used. 85% of the residents believe in Catholicism. During the period of 1996, more than 2,000 Kurdish refugees were temporarily settled on the island. Population of capital Argana 1400 (2000). The Governor has executive power and is elected by universal suffrage every four years. 1June, 995, Carl Gutierrez became the governor. 438 years ago, 152 1 years ago, the indigenous Chamorro people in Guam found Magellan, a great navigator with only one breath left, at the seaside. Magellan returned to Spain after a few months of "romance" on this beautiful island, and then he returned to Chamorro people in Guam, who saved his life and gave him materials-300 years of Spanish occupation and rule. In the following year 100, both Americans and Japanese fought for this territory until 1944, when the United States declared Guam as its unincorporated territory. The United States seized Guam from Spain in the Spanish-American War of 1898. During World War II, Guam was the headquarters of the US Pacific Fleet. February 194 1 was occupied by the Japanese army, and July 1 1 was recaptured by the American army. 1950, the United States passed a bill to declare the island an "unincorporated territory" of the United States, and gave the Guam self-government local power and placed it under the jurisdiction of the United States Department of the Interior. During the Cold War, Guam base has always occupied a very important position in the western Pacific military base system. During the Korean War and Vietnam War, Guam, as an important strategic base of sea and air, played an important role in assembling troops, transporting ammunition and supporting long-range bombing. After the end of the Cold War, due to major changes in the international strategic pattern, the US military did not invest in repairing Guam's base facilities for several years. Blair, former commander of the US Pacific Command, has repeatedly criticized Guam's base facilities for being too old. The oil storage facilities have been used for more than 50 years and must be rebuilt. In September, 200012000, in the new Quadrennial Defense Assessment Report released by the United States, it was decided to expand the military strength of the US military base in Guam as the base hub of the US military in the western Pacific. The island is located at the southern tip of the Mariana Islands in the Pacific Ocean, north latitude13 26' and east longitude144 43'. The area is 54 1 km2. Population 158000(2002), Chamorro people account for the vast majority. Algana, the capital, is located in the west of the island. It has a tropical monsoon climate, with an average annual temperature of 26-27℃ and an annual precipitation of more than 2,000 mm, with typhoons from August to September. Because of the high terrain in the south, American generals need to return the land to civilian use. 1994 The US military returned 3,200 mu of land to civilian use. 1995 A unicameral parliament composed of 2/kloc-0 people will be established in Brifield, elected by universal suffrage for a term of two years. The election in June 1996 1 1 made the Republican Party gain the parliamentary majority again. In June 1998 1 1, the parliament was reduced from 2 1 to 15. Judges of the Supreme Court are appointed by the President of the United States for a term of eight years. There are 48 administrative departments under the government. The economic currency is the US dollar. The island's income mainly depends on tourism and the expenses of the US military's air and sea bases on the island. Tourism alone generates about $654.38 million a year. 1995, the number of foreign tourists reached1360,000. Tourists mainly come from Japan. Service industry is the main local industry. 1988 GDP is10 billion USD, and per capita GNP is 7675 USD. 1In 1994, the per capita GNP rose to 1 1800 US dollars, which declined in recent years. The main industries are construction, light industry, food processing and oil refining. The main crops are tobacco and fruit. 1994 caught 650 tons. 193: the export value was 86 million dollars, and the import value was 65438+120,000 dollars. The main trade targets are countries in the Asia-Pacific region. In 2000, the GDP was US$ 3.2 billion and the per capita GDP was US$ 265,438. In recent years, due to the influx of immigrants, the status of the local Chamorro people is threatened, and the voice of restricting immigration is growing. Recently, the government of Guam put forward a plan to build Guam into an "offshore financial center", but whether it can be realized is closely related to whether Guam can obtain the status of a federal territory of the United States. An important military base for military beauty. 1In September 1996, American planes took off from the island and carried out air strikes against southern Iraq. The US military land in Guam is about 27,000 acres (including the part that has been returned to civilian use), accounting for about 20% of the total land area of Guam. Anderson Air Force Base in Guam is an important strategic air force base of the United States in the Pacific region. The US Navy has an air base in Algana and a submarine base in the port of Abra. The United States Marine Corps and Coast Guard have troops on the island. 1996, there were 2 100 air force personnel and 4,600 naval personnel on the island. On August 28th, 2000, the Pentagon confirmed that more than 60 AGM-86 air-launched cruise missiles had been deployed to Guam from home earlier this month, which was the first time that the United States deployed such advanced missiles outside its home country. The U.S. Navy has also begun to study the deployment of attack nuclear submarines in Guam. Culture and Education 1993, there are 36 public primary and secondary schools and several private schools on the island with about 32,000 students. There are two public universities and two private universities. Guam Public University is the largest university with more than 2,000 students. There are five radio stations and three television stations, and seven major newspapers, including Pacific Daily, Guam Business Weekly and Guam Tribune.