Integrated control of diseases and pests of red cabbage moss

(1) Agricultural control

1. Select improved varieties

Select suitable local high-yielding, disease-resistant varieties It is an economical and effective method to control pests and diseases by using high-quality varieties with strong resistance to pests, diseases and stress and reducing the use of pesticides. Early- to medium-maturing heat-resistant and stress-resistant varieties such as Ehong Yihong, Ehong No. 2, Huahong No. 1, Huahong No. 2, Ziting No. 2, etc., and late-maturing varieties such as Daguzi.

2. Crop rotation

The repeated planting of a single variety year after year is the main reason for the increasing incidence of soft rot, clubroot and other continuous cropping diseases year by year. Attention should be paid to the problem with solanaceous fruits. , melons, beans, green onions, leeks and other non-cruciferous vegetable crops should be rotated for more than 3 years.

3. Seed quarantine

Quarantine newly introduced varieties to prevent foreign pathogens from being introduced into vegetable production areas.

4. High-temperature sterilization of seedbed soil

For seedbeds used for raising seedlings, use black mulch film to cover them in hot summer weather to warm the seedbed soil. The general temperature reaches above 40°C. Bacteria and insect eggs die.

5. Deep plowing to improve the soil

Attention should be paid to improving the soil ecological environment. Deep plowing the soil more than 30 cm in summer will destroy the living environment of pathogens and insect eggs; increase exchange by applying quicklime, plant ash, etc. The content of ionized calcium, magnesium, and potassium can increase soil pH, inhibit soil acidification tendency, and improve the soil ecological environment for crop growth.

6. Control soil moisture

Low-lying fields and rice fields have high soil moisture and poor drainage, which can easily lead to the concentration of pests and diseases. When planting red cabbage moss in low-lying fields and rice fields, attention should be paid to the whole box method of deep ditches and high borders to ensure smooth drainage and avoid water accumulation; in high mountain vegetable areas, rain-shelter cultivation methods can be used to control soil moisture.

7. Formula fertilization

The absorption ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in red cabbage moss is about 1:0.3:1. The soil nutrient content is measured and formula fertilization is implemented to increase Apply decomposed organic fertilizer, combined with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer.

8. Clean the countryside

Completely eliminate plant residues of plant diseases and insect pests, cut off the transmission routes and remove diseased residues.

(2) Biological control

1. Prepare antibacterial soil to increase the content of beneficial bacteria in the soil, and use sterile soil and biological agents containing beneficial bacteria such as rhizosphere ecological restoration agents , re-cropping agents, etc., are formulated in a certain proportion to increase the content of beneficial bacteria in the rhizosphere and the rhizosphere ecological environment for the growth of vegetable crops, and inhibit the growth of rhizosphere pathogens.

2. Use agricultural antibiotic 120, Wuyixin, and Polyclonal to prevent and treat fungal diseases.

3. Use streptomycin in farmland to prevent and treat bacterial diseases

4. Use the attenuated plant virus strain N14 to prevent and treat viral diseases; use 83 resistance-increasing agent to prevent and treat viral diseases.

5. Use Bt emulsions, avermectin, viral insecticides, etc. to control pests such as cabbage caterpillars;

6. Use biological natural enemies to control pests, such as releasing natural enemies such as Trichogramma. Control pests.

(3) Physical control

1. Hanging insecticide board

Homoptera aphids, whiteflies, leafhoppers, etc.; Diptera leafminer , seed flies, etc.; Myoptera thrips and other pests are sensitive to yellow or blue, and have strong tropism. Hang 30-40 yellow or blue boards with a size of 30 × 25 cm per acre, hanging between rows or plants, 15-20 cm higher than the top of the plants. The yellow board can trap and kill aphids, leafminers, mealybugs, etc., while the blue board can trap and kill seed flies and thrips.

2. Hanging insecticidal lamps

Suspending one frequency-oscillating insecticidal lamp every 30-50 acres has a good trapping and killing effect on Spodoptera exigua and Spodoptera litura.

3. The application of insect-proof nets can not only effectively prevent pest damage and reduce or eliminate the application of chemical pesticides, but also become one of the important and effective comprehensive prevention and control measures. When the temperature is high from July to August, it is necessary to increase the frequency of watering, maintain the humidity in the net, and use moisture to cool down. This can basically avoid the diseases of diamondback moth, leafminer fly, aphids, melon borer, cabbage caterpillar, cabbage armyworm, and beet armyworm. , Spodoptera litura, yellow-striped flea beetles, leaf insects, bean borers, cotton bollworms, ladybugs, whiteflies and other vegetable pests.

(4) Chemical control

Chemical pesticides are still an important and effective means of preventing and controlling pests and diseases. Pollution-free vegetables do not mean that chemical pesticides are not used. The key is how to use them scientifically and rationally.

The use of chemical pesticides to control pests and diseases should be combined with agricultural control, biological control, and physical control. During prevention and treatment, medications should be used in a timely and rational manner, the frequency of medication should be controlled, and safety intervals should be paid attention to. The use of chemical pesticides should comply with the regulations of GB4285 and GB/T8321.

1. Conscientiously implement national laws, regulations and rules on the use of pesticides, control the indiscriminate application and abuse of pesticides in accordance with the law, and promote the development of pesticide applications on a scientific and legal track.

2. It is prohibited to use pesticides that are highly toxic, highly toxic, have high residues, or are carcinogenic, teratogenic, or mutagenic, and promote high-efficiency, low-toxicity, and low-residue pesticides.

3. Strengthen the monitoring and forecasting of pests and diseases. According to the prevention and control indicators and the occurrence characteristics of pests and diseases, select effective pesticides and the best time for prevention and control, and use drugs according to the symptoms and at the right time.

4. Choose reasonable pesticide application equipment and methods, and pay attention to pesticide application techniques. Actively promote low-volume or ultra-low-volume spray technology, and vigorously promote high-efficiency dosage forms such as aerosols and dust agents. Select appropriate pesticide application methods and techniques for different vegetables and different pests and diseases to improve the quality of pesticide application and reduce the damage caused by pests and diseases.

5. Strictly abide by national regulations on the safe and rational use of pesticides and achieve scientific, safe and rational use of pesticides. Apply the medicine according to the prescribed dosage, frequency, method and safety interval. At the same time, safety protection work should be done to ensure the safety of people and animals.