Contents 1 Pinyin 2 English reference 3 Overview 4 Latin name 5 English name 6 Prescription name of Sophora japonica 7 Source 8 Origin 9 Original plant form 10 Harvesting and initial processing 11 Sophora japonica medicinal properties 11.1 Sophora japonica 11.2 Sophora japonica rice 12 Sophora japonica flower processing 12.1 Sophora japonica flower processing method 12.1.1 Sophora japonica flower 12.1.2 Fried sophora japonica flower 12.1.3 Sophora japonica charcoal 12.2 Finished product properties 12.3 Quality requirements 12.4 Processing effect 12.5 Processing research 12.6 Storage method 13 Properties and taste Classic 14 Efficacy and indications of Sophora japonica 15 Usage and dosage of Sophora japonica 16 Contraindications of use 17 Chemical composition of Sophora japonica 18 Pharmacological effects of Sophora japonica 19 Pharmacopoeia standard of Sophora japonica 19.1 Product name 19.2 Source 19.3 Characteristics 19.3.1 Sophora japonica 19.3.2 Sophora japonica Rice 19.4 Identification 19.5 Inspection 19.5.1 Moisture 19.5.2 Total ash 19.5.3 Acid-insoluble ash 19.6 Extract 19.7 Content determination 19.7.1 Total flavonoids 19.7.2 Rutin 19.8 Sophora japonica pieces 19.8.1 Processing 19.8.1.1 Sophora japonica 19.8 .1.1.1 Characteristics, identification, inspection, extractables, content determination 19.8.1.2 Fried Sophora japonica 19.8.1.3 Sophora charcoal 19.8.2 Nature, flavor and meridians 19.8.3 Function and indications 19.8.4 Usage and dosage 19.8.5 Storage 19.9 Source 20 References attached: 1 Prescriptions using the traditional Chinese medicine Sophora japonica 2 Chinese patent medicines using the Chinese medicine Sophora japonica 3 Sophora japonica in ancient books This is a redirect entry, enjoying the content of Sophora japonica. 1 Pinyin

huái mǐ 2 English reference

flos sophorae immaturus [Landau Chinese-English Dictionary]

alabastra sophorae japonicae [Xiangya Medical Professional Dictionary]

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pagodatree flower bud [Xiangya Medical Professional Dictionary]

sophorae,flos [Xiangya Medical Professional Dictionary]

3 Overview

Sophorae flower It is the name of a Chinese medicine published in "Rihuazi Zhujia Materia Medica". It is the dried flowers and flower buds of Sophora japonica L., a leguminous plant [1]. The former is commonly called "Sophora japonica", and the latter is commonly known as "Sophora japonica rice" [2]. Sophora japonica flowers are shrunken and curled, with many petals scattered. The complete calyx is bell-shaped, yellow-green, with 5 shallow lobes at the apex; the petals are 5, yellow or yellow-white, one is larger, nearly round, the apex is slightly concave, and the remaining 4 are oblong. There are 10 stamens, 9 of which are united at the base, and the filaments are slender. Pistil cylindrical, curved. Light body. The smell is slight and the taste is slightly bitter. According to the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (2010 Edition), Sophora japonica is oval or elliptical, 2 to 6 mm long, and about 2 mm in diameter. There are several vertical lines on the lower part of the calyx. Above the calyx are yellow-white unopened petals. The pedicels are small. The body is light and can be broken into pieces by hand. The smell is slight and the taste is slightly bitter.

Sophora japonica has a bitter taste and slightly cold nature [2]. Returns to the liver and large intestine meridians[2]. It has the functions of cooling blood and stopping bleeding, clearing liver and purging fire [2]. Used for blood in the stool, hemorrhoids, bloody diarrhea, metrorrhagia, vomiting blood, epistaxis, liver heat, red eyes, headache and dizziness. The raw product is good at clearing the liver and purging fire, clearing away heat and cooling blood [2]. It is mostly used for blood-heat disorder, liver-heat, red eyes, headache, dizziness, sores, swelling and pain [2].

Fried Sophora japonica has mild bitter and cold properties and has the effect of killing enzymes and preserving glycosides [2]. Its effect of clearing away heat and cooling blood is inferior to that of raw products [2]. The effect of Sophora charcoal in clearing away heat and cooling blood is very weak, and its astringency increases, but its ability to cool blood and stop bleeding is stronger [2]. It is used for bleeding syndromes such as hemoptysis, epistaxis, hematochezia, metrorrhagia, and hemorrhoidal bleeding [2].

"The Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China and the People's Republic of China" (2010 edition) records the pharmacopoeia standards of this traditional Chinese medicine. 4 Latin name

Flos Sophorae (La) ("Traditional Chinese Medicine Terminology (2004)") 5 English name

pagodatree flower ("Traditional Chinese Medicine Terminology (2004)") 6 Sophora japonica The prescription names

are Sophora japonica, fried Sophora japonica and Sophora japonica charcoal [2]. 7 Sources

Sophora japonica L. is a leguminous plant. of dried flowers and flower buds[2]. The former is commonly called "Sophora japonica", and the latter is commonly known as "Sophora japonica rice" [2].

Sophora japonica L. is the flower of the leguminous plant Sophora japonica L.[3]. 8 Origin

Sophora japonica is produced in most areas of my country [3]. 9 Original plant form

Deciduous tree, 15-25cm tall. Pinnately compound leaves are alternate; the rachis is hairy and the base is enlarged; leaflets are 9 to 15, ovate-oblong, 2.5 to 7.5cm long, 1.5 to 5cm wide, with a pointed apex, a broad wedge-shaped base, and a gray-white, sparse and short underside. hair. The panicle is terminal; the calyx is bell-shaped, with 5 small teeth; the corolla is milky white, the flag petals are broad and heart-shaped, have short claws, and have purple veins, and the edges of the wing petals and keel petals are slightly purple; the stamens are 10, separate, unequal in length. . The pods are fleshy, bead-shaped, 2.5-5cm long, hairless and undehiscent. Seeds 1 to 6, kidney-shaped. The flowering period is from July to September, and the fruiting period is from September to October. 10 Harvesting and initial processing

Harvest in summer when flowers bloom or flower buds form, dry in time, and remove branches, stems and impurities [2]. 11 Medicinal properties of Sophora japonica 11.1 Sophora japonica

Shrunk and curled, with many petals scattered. The complete calyx is bell-shaped, yellow-green, with 5 shallow lobes at the apex; the petals are 5, yellow or yellow-white, one is larger, nearly round, the apex is slightly concave, and the remaining 4 are oblong. There are 10 stamens, 9 of which are united at the base, and the filaments are slender. Pistil cylindrical, curved. Light body. The smell is slight and the taste is slightly bitter. (2010 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia) 11.2 Sophora japonica

Oval or oval, 2 to 6 mm long and about 2 mm in diameter. There are several vertical lines on the lower part of the calyx. Above the calyx are yellow-white unopened petals. The pedicels are small. The body is light and can be easily crushed by hand. The smell is slight and the taste is slightly bitter. ("Chinese People's Republic of China Pharmacopoeia" 2010 edition) 12 Preparation of Sophora japonica

In the Song Dynasty, there were slightly fried ("Taiping Shenghui Prescription"), fried yellow and black ("Su Chen Liangfang"), fried Jiao ("Historical Prescriptions"), braised bran ("Zonglu of Shengji"), stir-fried with rehmannia glutinosa juice ("Yangyu Baoqing Collection") [2].

In the Ming Dynasty, vinegar boiling ("Wonderful Prescription"), burning ashes to preserve the properties ("Jiyin Gangmu"), and wine soaking and stir-frying ("Pao-seared Dafa") were added [2]. At the same time, the effects of processing are also discussed, such as "if it stops bleeding and stir-fries it black" ("Pao-Zhao Dafa"); "Intestinal wind, diarrhea, blood redness and white diarrhea, stir-fry, grind and take, cool the large intestine and stir-fry until fragrant" ("Ben Cao Yuan") [2].

In the Qing Dynasty, the frying method was mostly used[2].

The main processing methods now include stir-frying, stir-frying with charcoal, etc. [2] 12.1 Preparation method of Sophora japonica 12.1.1 Sophora japonica

Take the raw medicinal materials, remove impurities and branches, and sieve out the ash [2]. 12.1.2 Fried Sophora japonica

Take the clean Sophora japonica flowers, place them in a frying container, heat over slow fire, fry until dark yellow, take out and let cool [2]. 12.1.3 Sophora charcoal

Take clean sophora flowers, place them in a frying container, heat over medium heat, stir-fry until brown, spray a little water to eliminate sparks, stir-fry dry, take out and cool thoroughly [2 ]. 12.2 Characteristics of the finished product

The Sophora japonica flower is shrunken and curled, with many petals scattered. The intact calyx is bell-shaped, yellow-green, the petals are yellow or yellow-white, and the body is light [2]. It tastes slightly bitter[2]. Flower buds (Sophora japonica) are oval or elliptical [2].

The calyx is yellow-green, with unopened yellow-white petals above and yellow-brown inside [2]. Light weight[2]. The taste is slightly bitter[2].

Fried Sophora japonica flowers have a dark yellow appearance[2].

Sophora charcoal has a burnt brown appearance[2]. 12.3 Quality requirements

This product is dried at 60°C for 6 hours, and contains no less than 8.0% rutin (C27H30O16), sophora flower, and no less than 20.0% sophora rice [2]. 12.4 Processing effects

Sophora japonica flowers are bitter in taste and slightly cold in nature [2]. Returns to the liver and large intestine meridians[2]. It has the functions of cooling blood and stopping bleeding, clearing the liver and purging fire [2]. The raw product is good at clearing the liver and purging fire, clearing away heat and cooling blood [2]. It is mostly used for blood-heat disorder, liver-heat, red eyes, headache, dizziness, sores, swelling and pain [2]. For example, Sophora japonica powder is used to treat gastrointestinal dampness and heat, bloating and bleeding ("Danxi Heart Method"); Sophora stamens is used to treat bayberry sores and chancre ("New Fang Ba Zhen"); it is used to treat liver yang dizziness and headaches (such as high blood pressure). , it can be used alone as a substitute for tea, or combined with Rhizoctonia striata, Uncaria, etc. ("Clinical Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine" [2].

Fried Sophora japonica has mild bitter-cold properties and has enzyme-killing and protective properties. The effect of glycosides [2]. Its effect of clearing away heat and cooling blood is inferior to that of raw products [2]

Sophora charcoal has a very weak effect of clearing away heat and cooling blood, and its astringency is stronger than that of raw products [2]. . It is used for bleeding syndromes such as hemoptysis, epistaxis, hematochezia, metrorrhagia, and hemorrhoidal bleeding [2]. For example, Huaihua Powder is used to treat persistent diarrhea and bleeding without symptoms of abdominal pain and tenesmus ("Jie Gu Jiazhen") [2]. 12.5 Processing research

This product mainly contains rutin, Sophorin A, B, C, quercetin, and isorhamin. Sophora saponin Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ (Kaikasaponin Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ), etc.

A lot of work has been done on the processing of sophora rice at home and abroad [2]. The main function is to kill enzymes and preserve glycosides. Because the temperature is not high and the time is not long, the enzymes are destroyed and the glycosides are preserved. Generally, the rutin content increases slightly after frying [2]. It will then decrease [2]

It is certain that the hemostatic effect of sophora rice is enhanced after charcoal frying, but why is it enhanced? In the past, it was thought that the hemostatic effect was enhanced due to the increase in tannins and the conversion of rutin. It is said to be tannins [2]. However, it was later discovered that tannins reduce the hemostatic effect and also enhance it, so further research was conducted [2] to summarize the main hemostatic effects of sophora charcoal:

1. . Increased tannins and hemostasis? Tannins themselves have the effect of astringent and hemostasis. After frying sophora rice with charcoal, the tannin content increases. Generally, the tannins increase to a peak at 190°C, and the appearance is brown, only to the extent of being fried [2 ].

2. Does quercetin increase and stop bleeding? Later, it was found that normal charcoal frying and tannins also have a hemostatic effect [2]. The study found that quercetin has a hemostatic effect. There is indeed an increase in quercetin. Foreign scholars have determined that the fried charcoal product is 1.5 times that of the raw product, and domestic scholars have determined that the increase in quercetin in the fried charcoal product is 3 times or 10 times that of the raw product [2]. . This explains the reason why the tannins in Sophora charcoal reduce the hemostatic effect and also enhance it [2]

3. Isorhamnetin reduces the hemostatic effect? ??In the study of the hemostatic effect of quercetin in Sophora charcoal. At the same time, it was discovered that there is always an interfering substance that resists the hemostatic effect of quercetin. After further tracking and isolation, it was found that this anti-hemostatic component is isorhamnetin [2], and the content of isorhamnetin was reduced by almost half after charcoal frying [2]. 2]. From this point of view, the enhanced hemostatic effect of sophora rice has a dual meaning: that is, the hemostatic components are increased and the anti-hemostatic components are reduced [2]. 12.6 Storage method

Store in a dry container in a sealed container. , place in a ventilated and dry place [2]. Moisture-proof[2]. 13. Meridian distribution of nature and flavor

Sophora japonica has a bitter taste and slightly cold nature; it returns to the liver and large intestine meridians [2].

Sophora japonica has a bitter taste and slightly cold nature; it returns to the liver and large intestine meridians. ("Chinese People's Pharmacopoeia" (2010 edition))

Sophora japonica has a bitter taste and cool nature; it enters the liver and large intestine meridians [3]. 14 Efficacy and Indications of Sophora japonica

Sophora japonica has the functions of cooling blood and stopping bleeding, clearing the liver and purging fire [2]. It is used for blood in the stool, hemorrhoids, bloody dysentery, metrorrhagia, vomiting blood, epistaxis, liver heat, red eyes, headache and dizziness ("Chinese People's Pharmacopoeia" 2010 edition).

Sophora japonica has the effect of cooling blood and stopping bleeding, clearing the liver and reducing fire. It can treat intestinal wind and blood in the stool, hemorrhoids, hematuria, metrorrhagia, hemoptysis, epistaxis, wind-heat, red eyes, carbuncle sores, and cervical lymph nodes. Tuberculosis, hypertension [3].

Sophora japonica products are known for clearing the liver and purging fire, clearing away heat and cooling blood [2]. It is mostly used for blood-heat disorder, liver-heat, red eyes, headache, dizziness, sores, swelling and pain [2]. For example, Sophora japonica powder is used to treat gastrointestinal dampness and heat, bloating and bleeding ("Danxi Heart Method"); Sophora stamens is used to treat bayberry sores and chancre ("New Fang Ba Zhen"); it is used to treat liver yang dizziness and headaches (such as high blood pressure). , it can be used alone as a substitute for tea, or combined with Rhizoctonia striata, Uncaria, etc. ("Clinical Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine" [2].

Fried Sophora japonica has mild bitter-cold properties and has enzyme-killing and protective properties. The effect of glycosides [2]. Its effect of clearing away heat and cooling blood is inferior to that of raw products [2]

Sophora charcoal has a very weak effect of clearing away heat and cooling blood, and its astringency is stronger than that of raw products [2]. . It is used for bleeding syndromes such as hemoptysis, epistaxis, hematochezia, metrorrhagia, and hemorrhoidal bleeding [2]. For example, Huaihua Powder is used to treat persistent diarrhea and bleeding without symptoms of abdominal pain and tenesmus ("Jie Gu Jiazhen") [2].

The buds of Sophora japonica are called Sophora japonica, also known as Sophora japonica, and their functions are the same as those of the flowers[3]. 15 Usage and dosage of Sophora japonica.

Decoction, 6~15g[3]. .

To stop bleeding [3]. 16. Contraindications

Pregnant women should not take Sophora japonica [3]. 17. Sophora japonica contains rue. Glycosides, quercetin, isorhamnetin-3-rutinoside, betulin, rutin and quercetin [3] 18 Pharmacological effects of Sophora japonica flower

Sophora japonica flower can reduce capillary permeability. , restores the normal elasticity of capillaries that have been bleeding due to increased fragility; it has anti-inflammatory effects on experimental arthritis, and has antispasmodic and anti-gastric ulcer effects in rats [3]. It also has the effect of lowering blood lipids and anti-platelet aggregation [3]

Sophora japonica has the effect of preventing frostbite and anti-radiation in animals [3] 19 Sophora japonica Pharmacopoeia Standard 19.1 Product Name

Sophora japonica

Huaihua

SOPHORAE FLOS 19.2 Source

This product is the dried flowers and flower buds of the legume Sophora japonica L. in summer. Harvest when formed, even if dry, remove branches, stems and impurities. The former is commonly called "Sophora japonica", and the latter is commonly called "Sophora japonica". 19.3 Characteristics 19.3.1 Sophora japonica

Shrunk and curled. , the petals are mostly scattered. The complete calyx is bell-shaped, yellow-green, with 5 shallow lobes at the apex; 5 petals, yellow or yellow-white, 1 larger, nearly round, slightly concave at the apex, and the remaining 4 stamens are 10-oval. Among them, 9 are united at the base, and the filaments are cylindrical and curved. The body is light and the taste is slightly bitter. 19.3.2 Sophora japonica is oval or elliptical, 2 to 6 mm long. , about 2mm in diameter. There are several vertical lines on the lower part of the calyx. The petals are small and light, and the smell is slightly bitter.

(1) The powder of this product is yellow-green. Pollen grains are spherical or obtusely triangular, with a diameter of 14 to 19 μm. With 3 germination pores. The surface of the sepal epidermis is polygonal; there are 1 to 3 non-glandular hair cells, 86 to 660 μm long, indefinite stomata, and 4 to 8 accessory cells. Calcium oxalate has more square crystals.

(2) Take 0.2g of this product powder, add 5ml of methanol, seal tightly, shake for 10 minutes, filter, and take the filtrate as the test solution. Take another rutin reference substance, add methanol to make a solution containing 4mg per 1ml, and use it as the reference substance solution. According to the thin layer chromatography (Appendix VI?B) test, draw 10 μl of each of the above two solutions, and spot them on the same silica gel G thin layer plate. Use ethyl acetate-formic acid-water (8:1:1) as the unfolding method. Spray the agent, unfold it, take it out, dry it, spray it with aluminum trichloride test solution, wait for the ethanol to evaporate, and inspect it under an ultraviolet light (365nm). In the chromatogram of the test product, fluorescent spots of the same color appear at the positions corresponding to the chromatogram of the reference substance. 19.5 Inspection 19.5.1 Moisture content

shall not exceed 11.0% (Appendix IX? H first method).

19.5.2 Total ash content

Sophora japonica flowers shall not exceed 14.0%, and sophora japonica rice shall not exceed 9.0% (Appendix IX? K). 19.5.3 Acid-insoluble ash

Sophora flower shall not exceed 8.0%; sophora rice shall not exceed 3.0% (Appendix IX? K). 19.6 Extracts

Determine according to the hot soak method under the determination method for alcohol-soluble extracts (Appendix at 43.0%. 19.7 Content determination 19.7.1 Total flavonoids

Preparation of reference solution? Take 50mg of rutin reference solution, weigh it accurately, put it in a 25ml measuring bottle, add an appropriate amount of methanol, put it on a water bath and heat it slightly to dissolve. Let cool, add methanol to the mark, and shake well. Precisely measure 10ml, place it in a 100ml measuring bottle, add water to the mark, shake well, and you have it (each 1ml contains 0.2mg of rutin).

Preparation of the standard curve: Precisely measure 1ml, 2ml, 3ml, 4ml, 5ml and 6ml of the reference solution and place them in 25ml measuring bottles respectively. Add water to each to 6.0ml and add 1ml of 5% sodium nitrite solution. , mix well, leave for 6 minutes, add 1ml of 10% aluminum nitrate solution, shake well, leave for 6 minutes, add 10ml of sodium hydroxide test solution, add water to the mark, shake well, leave for 15 minutes, use the corresponding reagent as a blank, According to the ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (Appendix V?A), measure the absorbance at a wavelength of 500nm, and draw a standard curve with the absorbance as the ordinate and the concentration as the abscissa.

Determination method? Take about 1g of the coarse powder of this product, weigh it accurately, put it in a Soxhlet extractor, add an appropriate amount of ether, heat and reflux until the extract is colorless, let it cool, and discard the ether liquid. Add another 90 ml of methanol, heat and reflux until the extract is colorless, transfer it to a 100 ml measuring flask, wash the container with a small amount of methanol, merge the washing liquid into the same measuring flask, add methanol to the mark, and shake well. Precisely measure 10ml, place it in a 100ml measuring bottle, add water to the mark, and shake well. Precisely measure 3 ml, place it in a 25 ml measuring bottle, follow the method under the standard curve preparation section, starting from "add water to 6.0 ml", measure the absorbance according to the law, and read the weight of rutin in the test solution (μg) from the standard curve ), calculate and get.

Calculated as a dry product, this product contains total flavonoids calculated as rutin (C27H30O16), sophora flower shall not be less than 8.0%, and sophora rice shall not be less than 20.0%. 19.7.2 Rutin

Determination according to high performance liquid chromatography (Appendix VI? D).

Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test: Octadecylsilane bonded silica gel is used as the filler; methanol 1% glacial acetic acid solution (32:68) is used as the mobile phase; the detection wavelength is 257nm. The number of theoretical plates should not be less than 2000 based on the rutin peak.

Preparation of reference substance solution: Take an appropriate amount of rutin reference substance, weigh it accurately, add methanol to make a solution containing 0.1mg per 1ml, and you have it.

Preparation of the test solution: Take the coarse powder of this product (about 0.2g of Sophora japonica flower, about 0.1g of Sophora japonica rice), weigh it accurately, place it in a stoppered conical flask, add 50ml of methanol accurately, and weigh Determine the weight, ultrasonic treatment (power 250W, frequency 25kHz) for 30 minutes, let cool, weigh again, make up for the lost weight with methanol, shake well, and filter. Precisely measure 2 ml of the additional filtrate, place it in a 10 ml measuring bottle, add methanol to the mark, shake well, and it is ready.

Measurement method? Precisely draw 10 μl each of the reference solution and the test solution, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and measure.

Calculated as a dry product, this product contains not less than 6.0% of anhydrous rutin (C27H30O16) sophora flower and no less than 15.0% of sophora rice. 19.8 Sophora japonica decoction pieces 19.8.1 Processing 19.8.1.1 Sophora japonica

Remove impurities and dust. 19.8.1.1.1 Characteristics, identification, inspection, extractables, content determination

Same as medicinal materials. 19.8.1.2 Fried Sophora japonica

Take the clean Sophora japonica and fry according to the frying method (Appendix II D) until the surface is dark yellow.

19.8.1.3 Sophora japonica charcoal

Take clean sophora japonica flowers and fry them according to the charcoal frying method (Appendix II D) until the surface is burnt brown. 19.8.2 Nature, flavor and meridians

Bitter, slightly cold. Returns to the liver and large intestine meridians. 19.8.3 Functions and indications

Cools blood and stops bleeding, clears liver and purges fire. Used for blood in the stool, hemorrhoids, bloody diarrhea, metrorrhagia, vomiting blood, epistaxis, liver heat, red eyes, headache and dizziness. 19.8.4 Usage and dosage

5～10g. 19.8.5 Storage

Store in a dry place, protected from moisture and moth. 19.9 Source

"The Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China" 2010 Edition 20