1. Soil selection and land preparation: Choose a sticky sandy loam soil with a pH between 6.0-7.5, rich in organic matter, good drainage and irrigation, and water and fertilizer retention. Avoid continuous cropping with melon crops. The best for the previous crop is Rice fields. The land is prepared with deep trenches and high borders, with a border width of 1.8-2.0 meters (continuous ditch), a border height of 30 cm, running north-south, double row planting, and a plant spacing of 30 cm.

2. Sowing and raising seedlings: Sowing in early spring from January to March, and planting in summer and autumn from June to August. Sowing in spring can be done by soaking seeds for germination and then raising seedlings or covering them with mulch for direct seeding. In summer and autumn, seeds can be soaked for direct seeding or dry seeds for direct seeding.

Seed soaking and germination are commonly used in cucumber sowing. Sterilize the seeds by scalding them in 50-55°C warm water for 10 minutes, stirring constantly to prevent burns. Then soak them in warm water of about 30°C for 4-6 hours, wash them clean, drain them, and moisturize them in an incubator or warm place at 28-30°C for germination. Germination will begin in 20 hours. In early spring, small arched sheds are used to insulate seedlings. Use seedling cups or seedbeds to raise seedlings. Plant the seedlings when they are 15-20 days old (2 true leaves). Carry out in the evening on a sunny day. Pay attention to protecting the root system and drench the seedlings with water before raising them. When raising seedlings, follow the order. Plant with soil to prevent root damage.

3. Fertilizer and water management and soil cultivation. Applying sufficient base fertilizer is one of the keys to stable and high yields. Cucumbers respond well to base fertilizer. When preparing the land, plow deeply and apply decomposed organic fertilizer. Apply 2000-3000 kg per mu, 50 kg of gross fertilizer, and 30 kg of superphosphate as base fertilizer. When the plant has 2-3 true leaves, start top dressing. Cucumber roots have weak absorption capacity and are sensitive to high-concentration fertilizers. Top-dressing should be based on the principle of "apply frequently and thinly". Top-dressing is once every 6-8 days, and 5kg-6kg of urea per mu is applied.

When tendrils appear, combine cultivating, weeding, soil and fertilizer. After harvesting the first batch of melons, soil and fertilizer are cultivated again. 15kg-20kg of peanut bran, 30kg of compound fertilizer and 10kg of potassium fertilizer are applied per mu. In summer and autumn, due to high temperatures, rapid growth and development, and rapid aging. In addition, there is heavy rainfall and a lot of fertilizer and water loss. In addition to applying sufficient base fertilizer, top dressing should be applied early. During the 1-2 true leaf stage and after harvesting the first batch of melons, soil and fertilizer should be cultivated once each. Pay attention to phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to avoid steep growth and premature aging.

Moisture should be controlled during the seedling stage of spring cucumbers. The flowering and fruiting period requires the most water. Watering is usually done once a day on sunny days and once every 3-5 days in drought conditions. Take precautions against flooding in rainy days.

4. Stretching to attract vines and pruning. Generally, when tendrils appear, insert bamboo trellis to attract vines and build a "herringbone frame". The vine introduction starts after the tendrils appear, and the vine introduction is done every 3-4 days to make the plants evenly distributed, and it is carried out in the evening on a sunny day. Whether cucumbers should be pruned depends on the variety. If the main vines bear fruit, pruning is generally not required; if the main lateral vines bear fruit or side vines bear fruit, top pruning is required. Generally, all side vines with less than 8 nodes are cut off, and lateral branches with more than 9 nodes are left with 3 nodes before pruning. , the main vine is about 30 knots high.

Extended information

Greenhouse

Preparation before planting

1. Cover the greenhouse with film and disinfect the greenhouse one month before planting. Cover the shed with film and disinfect the shed. For disinfection, use 200 ml of dichlorvos, add 1.5-2 kg of sulfur, mix it with sawdust and ignite it, and leave the shed stuffy for 1-2 days, which can effectively kill the eggs of diseases and insects in the shed. For greenhouses with severe root-knot nematodes, 80 kilograms of lime nitrogen per mu can be applied and mixed thoroughly.

2. Soil preparation and application of base fertilizer: The base fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer. Apply 10,000 kilograms of fully decomposed organic fertilizer per mu, plow 40 cm deep and mix well. Fermented and rotten grass, wheat straw, rice husks and other organic matter can also be applied year after year. The best measure is to apply straw bioreactor technology, which can not only effectively increase ground temperature, increase soil organic matter, improve the soil environment, but also reduce the occurrence of diseases, improve product quality, and have outstanding yield increase effects.

3. Make a bed and cover it with mulching film: For cucumber cultivation in the greenhouse in winter, a raised bed should be raised, and drip irrigation or dark irrigation under the film should be used. The bed is 1.2 meters wide, about 15 centimeters high, and covered with mulching film. You can also plant first and then cover with film.

4. Determination of the planting period: Winter and spring cucumbers are generally planted from late November to early December.

5. Planting method and density: about 3,500 plants per acre.

Planting seedlings must be strictly screened to eliminate diseased seedlings, weak seedlings and unqualified grafted seedlings. Planting holes should be opened at a distance of 28-30 cm between plants. The seedlings should be planted into the holes, watered well, and then covered with mulch. ?

Disease and Pest Control

Whitefly

Whitefly has a very diverse feeding habit and can harm a variety of vegetables. The damage is mainly caused by nymphs, which concentrate on the underside of cucumber leaves to absorb sap, causing the leaves to fade, turn yellow, and wilt. In severe cases, the plants will die. When damaged, it also secretes dense dew, contaminating leaves, causing fungal infection, affecting plant photosynthesis, and seriously affecting yield and quality.

Prevention and control methods: Try to avoid mixed planting, especially cucumbers, tomatoes, and beans. It is also an effective method to adjust the production stubble, that is, arrange celery, bell peppers and other vegetables with light whitefly damage in the first stubble, and then plant cucumbers and tomatoes in the next stubble. Old nymphs are mostly distributed on the lower leaves, and the old leaves are removed and burned. Placing yellow boards in the greenhouse can effectively control whitefly.

Use a backpack-type motorized smoke generator to atomize 1 deltamethrin or 2.5 pentethrin (permethrin) oil into mist droplets, which are very effective at killing adult insects when suspended in the air. You can use 25 methacinone wettable powder or 2.5 deltamethrin or 20 fenvalerate emulsifiable concentrate 2000 times to spray once every 6-7 days, and control it 3 times in a row. Aerosols can also be used for fumigation, 2-3 times in a row.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Cucumber