Either your usual fruit papaya or papaya.

Cultivation techniques of papaya trees

Method for propagate papaya tree

sow seeds

When the fruit turns dark and yellow, it is picked, dried and stored, and the fruit is cut open in March-April of the following year, and the seeds are taken out and sown immediately; You can also pick and sow after the fruit is ripe, or hide the seeds in the sand for the winter and sow the next spring. The sowing method can be pot sowing or seedbed sowing. After sowing, cover with soil 1 cm, cover with plastic film for heat preservation and moisture retention, and emerge in about 20 days.

transplant

Papaya seedlings in 2003 were used as rootstocks, and 1 fruiting branches of fine varieties were used as scions, which were grafted in spring.

floor

For the upper branches of plants, the method of air layering can be used. After taking root, cut it from the mother and plant it separately. For shrubs, the lower branches can be pulled down and fixed on the ground during the growth period, then buried in the soil for compaction, and then cut off from the mother plant for planting after falling leaves in autumn.

Papaya leaves first and then blooms. The flowering period is from March to June, and the fruiting period is 8- 10. Before and after the first frost, the leaves gradually entered the dormant period and began to sprout after the rain. Therefore, in order to ensure the success of transplanting ancient trees, the general transplanting time should be controlled within the period of1late October to early March 10, otherwise it will get twice the result with half the effort, or even all the previous efforts will be abandoned.

protect

Papaya is a shallow-rooted tree species with beautiful trunk epidermis, straight branches and strong sprouting ability. Therefore, in the process of planting, we should first try to wrap the bark, trunk and main branches with straw ropes, and they should not be untied for 1 to 2 years and let them rot naturally; Second, it is necessary to prevent the trunk from being injured and avoid the phenomenon of not paying attention to protecting the trunk after heavy cutting, so as not to affect the landscape effect; Third, we should prevent root injury. When digging papaya, we should increase the digging diameter as much as possible, ensure the integrity of each lateral root to the greatest extent, prevent random root cutting, and fundamentally ensure the survival of trees.

Sell fruit

Pick flowers at any time from the first year to the second year. In the spring of the third year, strengthen management to catch up with pre-flowering fertilizer, fruit swelling fertilizer and autumn fertilizer. Before flowering, apply 5 kg urea and compound fertilizer 10 kg to fertile mu to improve fruit setting rate; In late May, fruit swelling fertilizer was applied, and 20 kilograms of urea and 50 kilograms of compound fertilizer were applied per mu to ensure sufficient fertilizer and increase the weight of single fruit. In autumn, 5000 kg of soil miscellaneous fertilizer and 50 kg of ammonium bicarbonate are applied per mu to lay the foundation for next year's bumper harvest. In addition, water and drain water in time according to the drought and flood situation.

Cultivation techniques of papaya trees

Collect seeds

Papaya blooms and bears fruit 3 to 5 years after planting. It can be harvested when the exocarp is blue-yellow from August to September. Cut the harvested fresh fruit, take out the seeds and dry them, and select the full seeds to keep; Or, after the peel is air-dried in June 5438+065438+ 10, peel the fruit and take out the seeds for preservation.

grow seedlings

Papaya is a deciduous perennial tree. The quality of seedlings is directly related to the survival rate, growth rate, fruit setting and yield after planting, and has certain influence on adaptability, stress resistance and life span. Therefore, seedling raising is an important link in papaya production. Seeding propagation is the main propagation mode of papaya, and layering, cutting and grafting are also feasible. Before sowing and seedling raising, soak in alkaline water solution with appropriate concentration for 6-8 hours, take out and drain after soaking, mix with sand, sow in seedbed with row spacing of 20 cm, cover with straw after thinning soil, keep moist, and sprout for 40-50 days. After emergence, the soil should be cultivated and moisturized. When two or three leaves grow, reduce watering, promote deep rooting and prevent virtual growth. Apply thin fertilizer at the fourth leaf stage, and hardening seedlings can begin at the fifth leaf stage.

The standard of strong seedlings is: short and strong, complete leaves, dark green, no pests and diseases. Weeding, loosening soil, fertilizing and watering should be done in time at seedling stage. Stay in bed or plant in the field the next spring. Longnan region can sow from February to 165438+ 10 every year. Spring sowing: sowing in February-April, sowing in April-May, with a seedling period of 50-70 days; Winter sowing: sowing from the middle of 10 to the early stage of 12, and from the seedling stage to 120 to 130 days. Winter sowing should pay attention to taking cold and warm measures.

afforestation

After 2 ~ 3 years of seedling cultivation, the seedlings should be taken out of the nursery for planting when their height reaches 1m or above. There are two main planting methods: autumn planting and spring planting. Autumn usually takes place after defoliation and before freezing. In some places, it is cold and dry in winter, and it is easy to die in winter. Longnan has a warm climate and can be planted in spring or autumn. Spring sowing is carried out before the seedlings germinate. The planting density of seedlings is generally 3m× 4m in mountainous areas and 4m× 5m in Sichuan dam areas.